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The nature vs. nurture dispute in etiology of childhood disorders revolves around one basic question, namely which factors are more influential in the process of mental development of a child: the biological or genetic makeup of a person (nature) or the upbringing and parenting style and other environmental factors (nurture).
Intelligence tests are advantageous and useful, yet at the same time, disadvantageous as errors and biases may occur in the development, as well as in the application of these. Cultural biases are one of the reasons why intelligence tests may have errors and biases in their development and application.
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Gender equality is defined as the absence of discrimination on the basis of a person’s sex in terms of allocating resources or benefits and accessing services (“Gender Glossary”). This key concept has played a vital role in the legislative-related undertakings of the European Union (EU) since its creation in 1957.
We do not come across tough situations every day, it happens occasionally when situations turn out to be beyond our control. The situation becomes tough when major transitions are taking place in particular, when a student joins college, a shift from a nurturing family and home security to the outer world.
There are extreme disruptions in the mood for those who are bipolar, so much so that these mood changes can affect relationships, job or school performance, and even lead to thoughts of suicide. It affects energy levels and ability to function and a person could be a danger to self and others in a state of severe mania. In its depressive state, it might lead to thoughts of suicide.
Definition of stress also has been added to understand that what is stress is all about. S/he had shown that why stressful situations arise at the workplaces and what are the main stressors which have a considerable impact on an individual. S/he had added some theories and researches about how these stressors affect the productivity within the organization.
Central to the problem is the question: are faces recognized by us humans any differently than other objects? There is recent scientific evidence that facial recognition occurs at a subconscious level, without the subject being aware of it. In particular, there is emerging evidence that in 'prosopagnosia', a disorder where subjects are unable to identify 'faces'.
In a selective sense it could be mentioned that in the preliminary stages I learnt the historical background of Psychology along with inter-relationships with other disciplines like Cognitive psychology and individual and group differences.
Next, it draws its own conclusions which are in line with Isen et al's 1987 experimental conclusions, which held two factors possibly responsible for the facilitating effects of the positive affect on creative cognitive processes. The conclusion discourses briefly on the two factors, elucidating them in terms of emotive influences on cognitive processes.
We encouraged him to join a group where he could meet with other recovering soldiers who have experienced PTSD. He agreed to do this, and we were, therefore, able to use a group approach on several occasions to help him with his behaviour. He began to meet with that group at least twice a month and has demonstrated a good deal of improvement.
When looking at a room, it should be possible to feel excited and inspired by it, so that one should look forward to walking in and living in the area. The contrast between the two rooms appears to lie in the way in which space has been utilized, and the materials which have been used to create the space.
The cannabis plant produces marijuana, which is can be eaten or smoked thereby inducing a state of euphoria. A lot of research has been carried out, both on the positive and negative effects of cannabis and marijuana on the brain, and the ways in which it affects human behavior.The active ingredient in cannabis and marijuana affects the brain’s rate of turning over dopamine and serotonin, and also affects nerve membranes.
Each suicide has a dramatic impact on family and friends who are bereaved. The loss of someone of close attachment induces intense grief and mourning, although amongst suicide survivors it appears that a unique emotional response occurs as compared to bereavement for non-violent deaths (Reed & Greenwald, 1991).
Shyness is often a considerable handicap in social and occupational situations, and it can be inwardly distressing. Alfano, Joiner, and Perry (1994) pointed out that shyness is often associated with both depression and dysfunctional cognitions. How these dimensions relate to one another, however, is unclear.
The word 'stress' is defined by the Oxford Dictionary as "a state of an affair involving demand on physical or mental energy". A condition or circumstance (not always adverse), which can disturb the normal physical and mental health of an individual. In medical parlance 'stress' is defined as a perturbation of the body's homeostasis.
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Many argue about the inefficiency of the test to give the true reflection of an individual. Critics argue that since the tests are academic in nature, it is disadvantageous for those who are not well in academics but can deliver when given the job. But the ideas of using psychometric test have been praised by many people.
In recent literature, researchers underline that multiple and antisocial personality disorder is real but that it rarely occurs spontaneously, without prompting, and therefore does not deserve to be a primary-level diagnosis. Special attention is given to gender differences and behavior patterns of patients and possible treatment methods.
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Even so, whatever criticisms and queries we may have, there is without a doubt that Kohlberg's achievement is excellent. He has not merely expanded on Piaget's stages of moral decision but has done so compellingly. He has reviewed the progress of moral reasoning as it may drive its way toward the thoughts of the grand moral philosophers.
Loopholes as well as empirical support to these two theories relevant to the case in issue as posited by other schools of thought have been visited. As a result, all the possible causes of Jimmy’s behavior have been ascertained and recommendations to treat Jimmy to enable him to quit delinquency that underpins the two theories have been advanced.
A familiar individual is deemed fit for the pre-testing such that the child will feel comfortable talking and playing with the person, although not as closely related to his mother. This method will be used to leave the child and the other person to begin as strangers, where it is expected that the child may not establish eye contact.
Cognitive science has been recognized as an interdisciplinary study of the mind or intelligence. It includes many other areas of study such as psychology, computer science, and many other specialties. A collaborative study of PTSD may include recognizing risk factors that could predispose the development of PTSD in a specific segment of society.
This principle can probably be applied to various other areas as well For example, many instances of deprivation have been reported in which attachment occurs much later than normal. And in the case of F and G, though they still could not walk at 5 and 6 years of age, they acquired the ability during the brief period of 1 week following the rescue.
The patient is a 48-year-old pleasant woman admitted to the mental health facility where this writer is placed as a member of the mental health worker team. This patient, henceforth, will be termed as Ms Jane, which obviously is not her real name. This pseudonym has been assigned to her for ethical reasons and confidentiality issues.
The information he gathered he later combined with his prior knowledge, and by using the cognitive strategy of metacognition, he built explicit knowledge. During the interaction with his parents, he proved to be cognitively engaged and applying active learning methods by trying to solve the problem arising from the paradox of concepts.
As I have always done, I prepared for this day by learning what compassion really means, so I looked it up in the dictionary. When I found out, I was suddenly afraid because I learned that “passion” and “suffering” are related, and I don’t want to suffer. The more I asked myself why the more I was afraid because of so much suffering in the world.
The author of the paper seeks to analyse in this study are: impulsive, and sometimes self-destructive, behavior; intense, unstable personal relationships; chronic fear of abandonment; distorted thoughts; difficulty controlling emotions. A 10-question survey was given to each of five participants.
Despite the plethora of theoretical discourses and thousands of empirical studies exploring every imaginable aspect of different mental conditions, the etiology of most mental disorders still remains unknown. However, the general consensus is that the causes of mental health and disease have multiple aetiologies.
The author of the paper states that if we start analyzing the issue from the root cause, we can understand the reasons why children at young age or adolescents develop the tendencies like harassment, discrimination, maltreatment, singling out, humming, and hounding which is nothing but bullying.
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Dr. Myrna Shure’s I Can Problem Solve program is a program developed in 1983 to help children improve their behaviors by teaching them how to think of other options when running into problems. By also creating a program for parents, Shure has focused parents on helping to assist children in solving their own problems.
For many years, nearly all research in cognitive psychology involved carrying out experiments on healthy individuals under laboratory conditions. Researchers have shown great ingenuity in designing experiments revealing the processes involved in attention, perception, learning, memory and so on.
Being brought up by a single parent may not be very relaxing if the family has to face a financial crisis. Children who are forced to accept bigger responsibilities at an earlier stage lose their innocence quicker and if they feel that there is no one to watch over them, they might turn violent and maybe attracted towards self-harm.
The biggest challenge for the person-centered model of supervision is the incompatibility of incorporating instruction and evaluation into a supervision environment that centers on providing the core therapeutic conditions (e.g., warmth, empathy, and unconditional positive regard) associated with this approach (Bernard, 1992).
Feminist theory, it should be mentioned from the beginning of the paper, is not a unified theory. As women experience the social world differently, there exist different feminist standpoints within the feminist tradition - i.e. Marxist or Postmodernist feminists.
Strengths and Weaknesses of Personality Tests People have been interested in examining and understanding the make-up of human personality through human history. Through the last century, there have been many systematic attempts to study personality and personality differences that have been based on different theoretical structures (Wiggins, 2005).
Motivation in simplest terms can be defined as a means of providing motives. Motives can act towards making or marring the work, towards doing a job more efficiently, or for distorting the work environment. The lack of any positive motivation by the managers often results in automatic provisioning of negative motivation.
Hedonic adaptation is a person’s ability to preserve his or her level of happiness by adapting to changed circumstances. This can also be interpreted as the ability of a person to adjust to a state of de-growth of his life’s circumstances by compromising his hopes, needs, expectations, and aspirations.
One of the earliest methods developed in the history of counseling was called psychoanalysis by Sigmund Freud. The work of this expert was instrumental in the creation of other disciplines that directly stemmed from psychoanalysis. Some of them included person-centered psychotherapy, existential therapy, transactional therapy, etc.
Helen’s mental health has been weakened by her lonely life. She has lost interest in leading a normal life and the community nurse must focus her attention in regaining Helen’s mental health first. Another area which needs the attention of community nurse, in this case, is the general hygienic conditions in Helen’s home.
Anxiety is a set of negative affective states associated with an inability to cope with stress placed on an individual by environmental demands. Elite and professional athletes are nurtured and schooled in the negative effects of anxiety and ‘negative’ emotional states on sports performance, and many athletes frequently seek the help of sports psychologists for assistance with anxiety control.
Communication also means that a process by which information is exchanged between individuals through a common system of symbols, signs a behavior. Communication means there’s the exchange of information and thoughts. It is a very necessary process in this professional world. It is a two-way process and very important for special persons.
The thing that surprised the scientist was that the dog began to salivate as it saw the man. After numerous experiments Pavlov developed the concept of classical conditioning. For to explain it we should first give the definition for the terms we are going to operate.
Gambling is an activity enjoyed by a majority of the population and one, in this day of increased leisure time that is likely to gain favor. This means that more of the vulnerable will be exposed to risk and may develop patterns of activity in which they lose control of their behavior and subject themselves and their families to problems which may result in intolerable distress for all concerned.
Aside from these aspects, several instances contribute to the occurrence of adolescence victimization. First, the low income of adolescents is considered as one of the noticeable circumstances. It was proven that adolescents with low income levels tend to suffer victimization.
The author states that such wild workers are labeled as ‘workaholics’ and ‘workophiles’. They live in their own wilderness of their work castles. Work becomes their only source of fortitude, security, and identity. Their place of solace is work and work alone. Work also helps them escape from the world.
The author states that attachment, however, is not an issue for the first year of life alone. Once an attachment develops, it undergoes transformations and re-integrations with subsequent developmental accomplishments of the person. In other words, it always remains within. The attachment has importance for human development throughout the lifespan.
The break that I had taken from my full-time job, after having kids, had stretched on beyond my plans. The frustration of not being able to find a job, and having to do with odd freelance assignments was taking a toll on my self-esteem. We were waiting at the airport lounge when this unfortunate conversation took place.
The author explains that the person centered psychotherapy, is based on the clinical application of extensively researched theories of behavior, such as learning theory in which the role of classical and operant conditioning are seen as primary. Person centered psychotherapists work with individuals, families and groups.
The above-shown statements are the famous lines from Ralph Waldo Emerson's "Self-Reliance". These lines are also the starting point of Emerson's revelation of his thoughts about self-reliance. His initial goal for sharing these lines is just to express what he's thinking. He just wants to let go of his mind what his philosophies in life are.
Graduate schools have learned that supervision skills need to be taught as it is difficult for the professional to knot know what to expect from a supervisor. Those of us who have experienced multiple supervisors understand how valuable supervision can be and how different styles do help make supervision more valuable.
The author states that there is no classification that has actually been agreed upon but besides the main three methodological, psychological, and logical types, there other a few which are titled, theoretical, biological, and radical. The conduct of methodological behaviorism claims that it should only concern itself.