Psychology Essays

The study can be seen as a correlation study involving observation of similar items over a long period of time often one or more decades. It is usually used in psychology in studying development across lifespans. In sociology it is used to study life events across generations; it’s also used in the medical field.

The author does not criticize the conventional understanding that depression is a product of certain biological conditions, such as imbalances in neurotransmitter levels; quite the contrary, he merely argues that there are psychological factors that affect and interact with the more well-established biological causes.

At the end of the 19th century, Austrian physician Sigmund Freud developed the theory and techniques of psychoanalysis. Psychoanalytic theories emphasize the role of unconscious, instinctual drives in personality development.

Stress is a phenomenon that many employees at different workplaces experience and is largely inescapable. Arnold et al (2005) define job stress as the result of destructive physical and emotional responses that occur among individuals (workers) when the requirements of their jobs do not match their competencies, resources, or needs.

The author states that legalization of same sex marriage was initiated in favor of those gays and lesbians who would want to be accepted by the society. But this raised another question: Can parents of the same sex be an effective parent for a child? Will there be no negative implications to the child as he/she grows older?

The author states that in the 1980s Howard Gardner's theory of multiple intelligence changed the way that thinking and learning are accomplished and ushered in new ways to perceive what we call intelligence. In many ways, Gardner's work is based on Spearman's theories. There are radical departures in their definition of intelligence and its application.

The author states that more scientific data is needed before health professionals can determine whether or not this is true. Both problems are much more complex than the article indicates. Either can be strictly psychological and, therefore, benefit more from talk therapy than drugs. They may also stem from a strictly physical problem.

The author states that when we look at malleability from a broader perspective, we understand that it actually refers to the quality of being able to adjust to different environments. A person cannot remain the same from birth to death – changes are inevitable. These changes not only comprise of physical and growth but also of mental capacities.

Violent behaviour must not be encouraged. Firmness is needed in telling the children of the possible dangers of violent behaviour. Children should also be given praise if they manage to solve a problem without resorting to violence for they are more likely to repeat good behaviour is rewarded with praise and attention.

Such malfunction brings to discomfort and must be corrected by psychodynamic therapy. Using this approach counseling specialists discover the root of behavioral or psychological disorder, define it for the individual and offer special therapy. Frequently this approach also includes investigation and analysis of unconscious reaction of a person through interpersonal patterns.

People engaged or met with stress require certain levels of support probably in form of consolation, advice, or even physical support most of which entails financial support. Some levels of stress require in-depth consultation of the distressed person with health psychologists. Certain levels of stress result in deprivation of health of the individual victims.

The psychological impact of the loss of his mother at childbirth and being born and raised in the slums can be far more adverse than imagined. Being raised under Ms. Gillard, a professional foster mother, Grenouille is feared by other kids because he is different from the rest. He does not learn to speak or stand till the age of four and only uttered nouns to express himself.

The research has indicated that Borderline Personality Disorder is related to genetic abnormalities. There are certain brain procedures bringing about mood instability such as aggression, anger, impulsivity and negative emotion. Studies suggest that people prone to impulsive aggression have impaired regulation of the neural circuits that modulate emotion.

The researcher of the paper made a survey questionnaire that will be used to gather the corresponding informational statistics. Thirty questions were formulated to draw information which the participants must rate according to the importance of the question from 1 (Always) to 5 (Never).

Generally speaking, authentic Happiness is an excellent piece of writing by Martin Seligman, a professor of psychology at the University of Pennsylvania. The book provides guidance to understand the pursuit of hope and happiness as a serious, rigorous mission rather than a frivolous illusion or mere feel-goodism.

Looking up from Kennedy's cramped, handwritten notes, she rubbed her temples and stared at the dark walnut paneling on the opposite side of the room. How had she arrived here How was it possible that her life had taken the remarkable series of turns that had brought her to this place

It would be interesting to know what it is that leads to these subconscious urge to detach ourselves from conflict. Many theories have been advanced to try and explain the causes of conflict in society and a few shall be sampled and applied to the understanding of the relationships with roommates in college.

The author states that choosing people with the same overall qualities such as those mentioned will lower the chances of external causes of stress or fatigue causing emotional or irrational behavior. Interviews with potential participants in the study will help determine these characteristics and rule out people with cause for emotional reactions.

Daily Mirror blames the home and school environment and lack of interest for the crime escalation. “Today, school boy violence is brutal and cruel, a youngster on his first day at a new school is assaulted for not having the money to pay off his school bullies, a student is harassed and brutally manhandled for the mere fact of wearing a new pair of shoes to school. Teenagers yet in school accused of rape and sexual violence”.

Until the 1950s, the dominant school of thought within psychology was that of behaviorism in which human behavior responses were observed in reaction to environmental stimuli. During the 1950s and ’70s, there was a shift against the behavioral school of thought and there was a growing interest in topics such as attention, memory, and problem-solving skills.

This business of playing roles is what Erving Goffman calls the ‘dramaturgical approach.’ Adam D. Barnhart, in his work, “Erving Goffman- The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life”, states that Goffman’s book, “The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life”, provides a detailed “description and analysis of process and meaning in mundane interaction”.

Every person is trustworthy and can act on his own problems and resolve them without involving others. S/he only needs support from the counselor to overcome the problems. The client needs to involve in a therapeutic relationship with the counselor and it is his responsibility to provide the right kind of environment for positive growth in the client’s behavior.

The author states that the disorders that are related to olfactory nerves are also been listed. They are; Anosmia, Cacosmia, Dysosmia, Hyperosmia, Hyposmia, Parosmia and Phantosmia. Out of these disorders, Anosmia, Dysosmia, Parosmia, and Phantosmia have been discussed. ‘The Human Hypothalamus’ by Swaab discusses anosmia in detail.

Scientific research regarding significance related to human development shows that the vast majority of preschool children have imaginary friends. The children can chat with them, play, have dinner, and sleep. “It's natural to talk a lot about those you love, but one little girl we know constantly chatted about her "husband" and her "daughter." 

Besides, further implications such as social dissatisfaction, lower self-esteem and depression can result and may become predictive of more problems like dropping out of school, poor mental health, juvenile delinquency and aggression among children (National Network for Child Care, 1996 ; Williams & Asher, 1993).

This notion agrees that psychology is responsible for alleviating the grounds of free will. On the other hand, it is assumed that one single free action is the result of another action that possesses some consequences and situations. This notion negates that psychology has a hand in eroding the grounds for believing in free will.

Frustration Study is a good example of the ingenuity that goes into the construction of some projective tests. The subject is presented with 24 cartoon-like pictures involving two central characters, one of whom is involved in a frustrating or annoying situation.

Counselling has grown tremendously over the past years; now practitioners have a deeper understanding of what other areas of studies mean and most theories have been demystified. Consequently, counselors now respect the different theories that lie outside their common areas of practice.

In his seminal work “Childhood and society”, Erikson appears as a former artist dressed up in a scholar’s gown: “… this is a book on historical processes… a subjective book, conceptual itinerary” (Erikson, H.Erik, 1965, p.14). However, one should not underestimate his deep reflections on human nature and behavior.

As it has been recognized that this is not the case, loneliness has come to be seen much more as an indicator of the quality of care provided and are consequently high on the political and health agenda. This article provides an overview of the key aspects of loneliness risk assessment and prevention drawn from various national policy documents.

Comparison and Critical Evaluation of Different Theories of Interpersonal Attraction Abstract This paper compares and critically evaluates four theories of interpersonal attraction. The four theories of interpersonal attraction are: the Social Exchange Theory, Equity Theory, Evolutionary Theory, and the Attachment Theory.

The innovations in biological psychology and psychiatric medication have increased the tendency to find answers to psychological problems through biological mechanisms. Along with this psychotherapists have to pay attention to individual and cultural diversity among their clientele. In this scenario, the need to critically evaluate the various aspects of psychology as a discipline is important.

Some studies found that other primary factors contribute to suicidal ideation.  For example, a study was completed by Browski, Ireland, and Resnick (2001) where they researched risk factors for adolescents in different cultures. They used data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, which was conducted in 1995 and 1996.

Solution Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT) also referred to as Solution Focused Therapy (SFT) is a relatively new form of psychotherapeutic intervention that focuses on solution-building rather than on problem-solving (Iveson, 2002). The SFT approach is largely based on the philosophy of social constructivism.

In a diverse workforce, it becomes an even greater challenge. Before deciding whether a team approach is appropriate, some considerations must be made. Firstly, it is necessary to look at the advantages and disadvantages of teams. Secondly, it is necessary to consider the interpersonal challenges associated with teams.

It was originally designed to "remedy the problems of existing rating scale by providing a specific measure of the severity of symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder that is not influenced by the type of obsessions or compulsions present". The scale is a "clinician-rated, 10-item scale, each item rated from 0 (no symptoms) to 4 (extreme symptoms) (total range, 0 to 40), with separate subtotals for severity of obsessions and compulsions." The characteristics of each item during the prior week up until and including the time of the interview is rated where scores reflect the average (mean) occurrence of each item for the entire week.

John Bowlby developed a theory about a child’s relationship with its mother that was the paradigmatic shift in how familial relationships were viewed. After reading Lorenz’s paper on imprinting, Bowlby had empirical support for rejecting Freud’s reason of sensuous oral fixation. The mother-infant bond was more than oral gratification and mother love.

The test was structured in three main parts, out of which the first one was purely demographic, having the strict purpose of establishing the gender and the educational level but also the educational background of each of the interviewed students.

The search for genetic influences in any complex disorder begins with studies of families, twins, and adoptees affected with the condition. They can provide preliminary evidence on the probable importance of genetic factors and serve as the foundation for subsequent research. People over the age of 18 are referred to as adult children of alcoholics.

The yearly costs of low morale and absenteeism in the United States are estimated to be $29 billion and a change of 4.99% in the national absence rate changes the gross national product by $10 billion. (London, 134-135) A great number of studies are done to identify the determinants of low morale and absenteeism.

The term 'dyslexia' was coined in 1887 by Rudolf Berlin. He used the term to refer to a case of a young boy who had a severe impairment in learning to read and write in spite of showing typical intellectual and physical abilities in all other respects. Several years later, W. Pringle Morgan, a British physician, published a description of a reading-specific learning disorder.

A personality test is a set of techniques that can be used to evaluate the negative traits affect a person live. These disorders are caused by many factors and their treatment level varies, where some may short duration while others will take longer to be adjusted.

 By referring to In Home Counseling for at risk youths, it can be understood that children will show aggression in the classroom when they feel threatened.Unfortunately, children feel threatened when there is someone better than them at something especially when their home life does give security.For example, children from divorced homes have issues with low self-esteem and social competence because they left out from one or both parents.

He equates sexual addiction with sin and offers several intervention mechanisms. Laaser focuses more on the religious perspective on the issue. He also offers a professional bit into the matter. He sheds more light on the matter using Biblical worldview and other ethical perspectives. According to him, there is sexual sin in the wider society and the church.

One particular experience of a right-versus-right decision was when I was still working in the hospital. One of the AIDS patients died so I myself contacted a funeral home to pick up the body. When I asked them if they have known that the patient had HIV/AIDS, it turned out that they were not aware of the matter.

I step near the door, keeping my eyes peeled for those dirty pink sandals and that toe that has made me curious for no reason. I feel absolutely ridiculous: I am no foot-fetishist. At least I don’t think I am. But the train comes to a stop, and though I keep a keen eye on every foot that gets down, I see no pink sandals.

The author states that Freud’s point of view is that human personality is composed of Id, Ego, and Super-Ego, which are affected by the two primary drives sex and aggression. How these drives are channeled in childhood play a vital role in developing human personalities. Freudian-slip website identifies five key development stages of Freud’s theory.

According to Petty (2000) “several large-scale national surveys showed that this is one of the most common (if not the most common) psychiatric disorders in the USA today”. To be fully diagnosed with this disorder, one must have symptoms in each of the symptom groups clustered into the intrusive, avoidance, and hyper arousal symptoms.

Although the original model had customized monitors, all that is required for the system are two desktop computers with broadband access, video cameras and microphones, and video-conferencing software. Hence, the system is easy to use for the child, hospital staff and teachers/caregivers at the remote location, and can be easily transferred to other users, and stored away when not in use (Weiss, 2000).

I have also used these techniques when I get upset with a family member. I will focus on their qualities (such as my father’s ability to be so patient with me) and the good times that we have shared. Then I will focus on the sensory details of that person and of that particular memory and I become not so upset.