StudentShare
Our website is a unique platform where students can share their papers in a matter of giving an example of the work to be done. If you find papers
matching your topic, you may use them only as an example of work. This is 100% legal. You may not submit downloaded papers as your own, that is cheating. Also you
should remember, that this work was alredy submitted once by a student who originally wrote it.
✕
Essays on cognitive science
The Cognitive science is one of the most popular assignments among students' documents. If you are stuck with writing or missing ideas, scroll down and find inspiration in the best samples. Cognitive science is quite a rare and popular topic for writing an essay, but it certainly is in our database.
Choose the best solution for you
Go through the list of samples
SHOW SAMPLES
Order the paper
Writing Service
Cognitive Science and Trauma
11 pages
(2750 words)
, Download 2
Free
The writer of essay "Cognitive Science and Trauma" analyzes is there a drug that could prevent damage to the brain and is it ethical to send to combat those most at risk for developing PTSD. The broad reach of Cognitive Science includes the study of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).... Cognitive Science has been recognized as an interdisciplinary study of the mind or intelligence. It includes many other areas of study such as psychology, computer science, and many other specialties. A collaborative...
Cognitive Science: Propositional Attitudes
12 pages
(3000 words)
, Download 2
Free
This research "Cognitive Science: Propositional Attitudes" will describe how the use of the propositional verbs can influence people behavior. The writer will investigate the overall propositional attitude and its expressions in light of human psychology.... Names of feelings as the belief and wish should be given some kinds of special terms and should be dealt with in a proper manner. In the English dictionary, these are the form of verbs and these should be known as prepositional verbs. The reason...
sponsored ads
Hire a pro to write
a paper under your requirements!
a paper under your requirements!
Win a special DISCOUNT!
Put in your e-mail and click the button with your lucky finger
YOUR PRIZE:
—
Cognitive Science Theory: Prototype Theory
5 pages
(1381 words)
, Download 0
Free
"Cognitive Science Theory: Prototype Theory" paper seeks to investigate whether people will take a short response time with Prototype stimulus condition than variant stimulus condition. The prototype theory is important, as it provides insights into concepts that are key to psychology.... The prototype theory is a Cognitive Science Theory, which was developed by Rosch Eleanor in the 1970s together with other scholars of cognitive psychology. This theory holds that people base their categorization...
Cognitive Science and Behavior Analysis: Operant Conditioning
1 pages
(316 words)
, Download 3
Free
The main goal of the review "Cognitive Science and Behavior Analysis: Operant Conditioning" is to provide a discussion concerning a psychological concept aimed toward reinforcement of complex behavior developed by Skinner. The document also describes the process of Skinner's development.... Operant conditioning is a complex behavioral concept introduced by Skinner based on Thorndike's law of effect. Reinforcement through reward and punishment amplifies a certain behavior more than Darwin's theory...
Problem-Solving and Creativity in Cognitive Science
7 pages
(2233 words)
, Download 2
Free
The paper "Problem-Solving and Creativity in Cognitive Science" critically analyzes the issues of problem-solving and creativity in Cognitive Science, a field of inquiry aiming to address issues regarding the nature, development, and deployment of knowledge, consisting of research fields.... As a branch of the cognitive sciences, cognitive psychology involves the research and study of mental processes, such as how people perceive, think, learn, and remember (Sternberg, 2012). While problem-solving...
Complexity of the Drawing Mind: Cognitive Science of Art
6 pages
(1775 words)
, Download 1
Free
The paper "Complexity of the Drawing Mind: Cognitive Science of Art" undertakes an in-depth analysis of the complexity of the drawing mind using the phenomenon of drawing. The discourse explores the Cognitive Science of art during the development of its concept.... Learning, perception, and cognition at high levels entail looking for patterns in information and data. Many infinite patterns exist and match with a finite amount of data. It is the responsibility of the cognitive system to select sensible...
Cognitive Science Is the Study of Human Intelligence in All its Forms
10 pages
(3094 words)
, Download 1
Free
The paper presents that the exercise of intelligence is termed as cognition and cognitive processes from an important requirement for all activities. 'Cognitive Science is the study of human intelligence in all its forms, from perception and action to language and reasoning' (Osherson, 1996: xi).... This paper has highlighted language acquisition as a crucial area of Cognitive Science. The various components related to first language learning have been discussed. Research evidence in this field indicates...
Behavioral Science
7 pages
(1750 words)
, Download 2
Free
The philosophy behind Cognitive Science is that of representation of any specific information and then transformation of that information in the brain of an individual.... It is a known fact regarding Cognitive Science that we can not achieve a thorough and complete understanding of an individual's mind's brain by just studying and analyzing a single phase.... iscussing Cognitive Science, we must also mention some of the critiques that exist about Cognitive Science....
Cognitive Decision Models
6 pages
(1500 words)
, Download 2
Free
The current paper 'Cognitive Decision Models' is corroborated by an examination of advertisements for graduate Cognitive Science programs.... The author states that in clinical applications, models or modeling approaches from mainstream Cognitive Science are imported and adapted.... Cognitive Science Introduction The term Cognitive Science has been described as a rubric for a multiplicity of associated disciplines, subdisciplines, and intradiscipline lines of inquiry....
CT Program should be nationally recognized by JRCERT and the ARRT
1 pages
(250 words)
, Download 2
Free
Therefore it can be implied that CT technicians have a sufficient demand in the medical profession (Cognitive Science Society (U.... August 13-16, 1994, Cognitive Science Program, Georgia Institute of Technology August 13-16, 1994, Cognitive Science Program, Georgia Institute of Technology.... ReferencesCognitive science Society (U.... =o&d=98305108DoST Developing Program to Entice More science Students....
Teaching the Human Brain
16 pages
(4689 words)
, Download 0
Free
The study also focuses on the understanding of Cognitive Science and the basic principles of learning.... The study also focuses on the understanding of Cognitive Science and basic principles of learning.
... Idea of Cognitive Science
... In a nutshell Cognitive Science can be defined as study of minds and brain that can be “real, artificial, human or animal”.... Cognitive Science has restricted itself to the domain where it may attain real understanding....
Science and Religion
4 pages
(1000 words)
, Download 3
Free
Developments in evolutionary psychology and Cognitive Science Evolutionary psychology and Cognitive Science have led to the inventions in biological science.... According to the principles of Cognitive Science, adaptation contributes to the development of certain traits in human beings.... Advances in “Cognitive Science” are contradicting religion because behavioral scientists' assert that natural selection influences human response to the events of the cosmos....
Modularity and Its Stance Today
8 pages
(2000 words)
, Download 2
Free
It will attempt to provide both sides of the argument concerning modularity of the human mind/brain and whether or not it still sustains the importance in Cognitive Science as years previously.... There are some within the area of Cognitive Science that claim the use of modularity has lost its sustenance and is to simplistic now.... It will attempt to provide both sides of the argument concerning modularity of the human mind/brain and whether or not it still sustains the importance in Cognitive Science as years previously....
Modularity and Its Stance Today in Cognitive Psychology
9 pages
(2000 words)
, Download 2
Free
It will attempt to provide both sides of the argument concerning modularity of the human mind and whether it still sustains the importance in Cognitive Science.... There are some within the area of Cognitive Science that claim the use of modularity has lost its sustenance and is to simplistic now.... It will attempt to provide both sides of the argument concerning modularity of the human mind/brain and whether or not it still sustains the importance in Cognitive Science as years previously....
Foundations of Psychology
3 pages
(750 words)
, Download 2
Some of the major schools of thought in psychology are “Cognitive Science, behavioral psychology, psychodynamic psychology, humanistic psychology, and social psychology” (Walker et al.... Cognitive Science is the study of the brain and its operations.... Assumptions in Cognitive Science were previously limited to the transfer of information to the brain and the subsequent storage of the transferred information.... Unlike the cognitive school of thought, behaviorism relies on observable elements....
Active Conceptual Modelling of Learning
1 pages
(250 words)
, Download 2
Free
The paper 'Active Conceptual Modelling of Learning' focuses on adults in the classroom who differ in their culture, living style, ideas, attitudes, aptitudes, creativity, emotions, and cognition.... They require various types of instructional methods in accordance to their interest.... ... ... ... Differentiation in the classroom could be defined as the method of 'getting to know and understand our pupils are learners, identifying their individual needs, reviewing our teaching styles and materials, designing a program of learning to match those needs....
Neurotheology as the Modern Approach
11 pages
(2750 words)
, Download 2
Free
According to Peterson “any dialogue between theology and Cognitive Science should be cognizant not only of theological pluralism but of religious pluralism as well” and thus suggests the timeliness of a “‘trialogue' among religious traditions on the matters of science, as each works through issues of borders, compatibility, and interpretation”(Peterson 2003, 13).... ew Frontiers in the Cognitive Science of Religion:
... uring the early days of research in the Cognitive Science of religion, the main aim was to redress an imbalance in religious studies wherein the particular was favored over the general and the interpretive over the explanatory....
An Analysis of Cartesian Dualism
6 pages
(1629 words)
, Download 3
Free
Most modern scientists, including practitioners of Cognitive Science, use another philosophical perspective known as ‘materialism' (Rozemond, 2009; Christofidou, 2013).... Despite that it has rejected Cartesian dualism, majority of the central principles of established Cognitive Science are based on the arguments that Descartes introduced in the 17th century (Morton, 2010).... In fact, classical Cognitive Science is a fusion between materialism and Cartesian philosophy....
The Interaction Between the Mind and the Body
6 pages
(1750 words)
, Download 3
Free
Most modern scientists, including practitioners of Cognitive Science, use another philosophical perspective known as ‘materialism' (Rozemond 82).... Despite that it has rejected Cartesian dualism, majority of the central principles of established Cognitive Science are based on the arguments that Descartes introduced in the 17th century (Morton 104).... In fact, classical Cognitive Science is a fusion between materialism and Cartesian philosophy....
Understanding of the Mind and Its Processes
2 pages
(500 words)
, Download 3
Free
Cognitive Science Developing an understanding of the mind and its processes is a much more complicated process than it appears at first glance.... As if this weren't enough information to try to juggle around, how our perceptions are governed by our sensations and our memories and how these interact and combine to reshape our perceptions, there is another element that must be considered in Cognitive Science regarding what it means to be conscious and where the link is between the biological, material processes of the brain and the immaterial untraceable processes of the mind....
What Rights Should Robots Have
12 pages
(3412 words)
, Download 1
Free
"What Rights Should Robot Have" paper discusses the theories of applicable robot rights using the principle of equality, AI's behavior-based robotics, and Cognitive Science.... his paper will discuss the theories of applicable robot rights using the principle of equality, AI's behaviour based robotics, and Cognitive Science.... The rapid development of companionable artificial intelligence supported by Cognitive Science makes machines not only as a tool but more human like with artificial emotion and with own life(Kim and Petrina, 2006, p....
Psychological Discussion Questions
13 pages
(3527 words)
, Download 4
Free
Compare and contrast Radical behaviourism and Cognitive Science.... Cognitive Science is a study of emotions and behaviour of individuals when the behaviour pattern is altered (Tolman, 1948).... Cognitive Science as stated by Tolman (19948) can also run in situations where the patient is silent because the study enables one to study the patient's body language.... In radical behaviorism control and predictions are applied while Cognitive Science allows the phenomena to take place and later collect data for analysis....
The Different Facets of Mental Functioning
6 pages
(1500 words)
, Download 2
Free
In this essay, the author demonstrates why cognitive psychology is considered one area of the wider interdisciplinary field of Cognitive Science, which includes, among other areas, computer science, linguistics, philosophy, and cognitive neuroscience.... Cognitive psychology is considered one area of the wider interdisciplinary field of Cognitive Science, which includes, among other areas, computer science, linguistics, philosophy and cognitive neuroscience (Kellogg, 2002)....
The History of Cognitive Psychology
5 pages
(1679 words)
, Download 0
Free
Cognitive psychology is closely affiliated to the interdisciplinary Cognitive Science and also influenced by artificial intelligence, computer science, anthropology, biology, physics, and neuroscience.... Cognitive psychology is closely affiliated to the interdisciplinary Cognitive Science and also influenced by artificial intelligence, computer science, anthropology, biology, physics and neuroscience.... rom a Cognitive Science point of view, evidence from a number of studies shows that some types of games lead to enhanced visuospatial attention....
Neuroscience Cognitive Buttonholes to Excitement and Nervous Maladies
5 pages
(1362 words)
, Download 0
Free
ognitive psychology is the major player in the interdisciplinary field of Cognitive Science which involves understanding the mind.... Cognitive Science involves five disciplines where philosophy is the first discipline that examines the mind in such a way that it enables it to formulate fundamental questions.... Cognitive Science therefore involves a collection of interdisciplinary perspectives which include artificial intelligence, cognitive anthropology, neuroscience and linguistics....
Philosophical Psychology
5 pages
(1571 words)
, Download 0
Free
The paper "Philosophical Psychology" analyzes that thought, language, and intelligence are three major Cognitive Science areas.... 'Cognitive Science is the study of human intelligence in all its forms, from perception and action to language and reasoning.... Psychology THOUGHT, LANGUAGE AND INTELLIGENCE Introduction Thought, language and intelligence are three major areas of Cognitive Science.... “Cognitive Science is the study of human intelligence in all its forms, from perception and action to language and reasoning” (Osherson, 1996: xi)....
How the Academic Study of Problem Solving and Thinking Relates to Everyday Life
5 pages
(1250 words)
, Download 5
Free
Through the years, different disciplines have come into existence, and this includes the introduction of Cognitive Science that has influenced many other different points of view in that a problem can be viewed as discussed above.... (2001) The analogical mind: Perspectives from Cognitive Science.... (2000) Minds, brains, and computers: An historical introduction to the foundations of Cognitive Science.... International Journal of Cognitive Science....
Phenomenon of Short-Term Memory
10 pages
(1500 words)
, Download 3
Free
In the paper 'Phenomenon of short-term memory' the author discusses a very newly adopted phenomenon of short-term memory (STM), a significant theoretical framework within cognitive psychology, used for momentarily storing data.... orking Memory (WM) is a very newly adopted phenomenon of short-term memory (STM), a significant theoretical framework within cognitive psychology....
Cognitive Psychology
3 pages
(750 words)
, Download 5
Free
Cognitive Science: An Introduction to the Science of the Mind.... Logic in Cognitive Science: Bridging the Gap between Symbolic and Connectionist Paradigms.... Running head: cognitive PSYCHOLOGY cognitive Psychology Insert Name Insert Insert 13th.... April 2011 cognitive Psychology Logic is mostly applied in intellectual activities; hence, it is associated with correct reasoning.... Running head: cognitive PSYCHOLOGY cognitive Psychology Insert Insert Insert 13th....
The Psychology of Language
2 pages
(850 words)
, Download 3
Free
With this discovery, connectionist models not only have the computational power to answer those questions interesting to Cognitive Science but also have a method of learning how to answer those questions.... In the essay 'The Psychology of Language' the author focuses on connectionism, an approach in the fields of artificial intelligence, cognitive psychology science, neuroscience, and philosophy of mind, that models mental phenomena as the emergent processes of interconnected networks of simple units....
Analysis of The Myth of Language Universals Article
11 pages
(2775 words)
, Download 1
Free
"Analysis of The Myth of Language Universals Article" paper focuses on The Myth of Language Universals: Language diversity and its importance for Cognitive Science, in which Evans and Levinson give a summary of the decades of cross-linguistic work as raised by descriptive linguistics and topologists.... In their comprehensive article: The Myth of Language Universals: Language diversity and its importance for Cognitive Science, Nicholas Evans and Stephen Levinson gives a summary of the decades of the cross linguistic work as raised by descriptive linguistics and topologists (Evans & Levinson, 2009).
...
Knowledge of Human Cognitive Abilities and How it Can Help People to Learn Computer Systems
4 pages
(1000 words)
, Download 2
Free
he field of Cognitive Science helps to promote cross disciplinary integration of concepts , methods , language , data, and infrastructures for research and education on cognition”.... Proceedings of the Twentieth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science .... It is found that students with higher spatial visualization abilities basically excel in subjects like science and math.... It is sure that many individuals have come across the word cognition and cognitive abilities often during their academic life....
Human Cognitive Abilities and How They Can Help People to Learn Computer Systems
4 pages
(1000 words)
, Download 0
Free
he field of Cognitive Science helps to promote cross disciplinary integration of concepts , methods , language , data, and infrastructures for research and education on cognition”.... Proceedings of the Twentieth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science .... It is found that students with higher spatial visualization abilities basically excel in subjects like science and math.... The paper "Human cognitive Abilities and How They Can Help People to Learn Computer Systems" states that learning computer is not a very easy task; it needs extensive use of memory, logic and cognitive skills....
Effectiveness of Cognitivism Pedagogy
1 pages
(314 words)
, Download 4
Free
The paper "Effectiveness of Cognitivism Pedagogy" highlights that the learning approach involves the examination of problem-solving skills, intelligence level, memory capability and learning techniques among students hence it supports the development of critical thinking.... ... ... ... The learning approach lays emphasis on the human cognition which enables students to establish hypothesis as well as develop their intellect....
Literature review topic: The Nativist Approach
4 pages
(1000 words)
, Download 3
The Nativist approach Name Institution The Nativist approach Introduction An examination of the nativist approach towards the learning of languages reveals that language tends to be an innate faculty.... This means that individuals are born with a set of rules about languages in their heads.... ... ...
Experimental Cognitive Psychology
8 pages
(2000 words)
, Download 4
Free
eveloped in computational Cognitive Science is that they can provide a explanatory and a
... Cognitive Science is perhaps the fullest expression of the
... Mandler George, 1985 : Cognitive Psychology: An Essay in Cognitive Science, pg 17
... een made in the science of human cognition, the branch of psychology that studies
... The philosopher of science, Imre Lakatos, has argued that every
...
Evolutionary, Cognitive, and Psychodynamic Approaches in Psychology
9 pages
(2493 words)
, Download 3
Free
Since the Cognitive Science & cognitive psychology are inter related, hence it covers the vast area of mind & intelligence & to the concept of information handling & processing.... The cell phone technology, artificial intelligence, softwares which make the task more easier & efficient; these all have come from an infrastructure based on Cognitive Science (Lin Lu, Anne Dosher.... We can neither decline the concept of behavior completely, nor can we oppose the concept of Cognitive Science as it has been very useful for us since invention, also the psychodynamic approach is very useful in determining the cause of any kind of bizarre behavior & may lead to powerful consequences....
The Nature of Cognitive Strategy Instruction
7 pages
(1831 words)
, Download 2
Free
he article “Literary Studies and Cognitive Science: Toward a New Interdisciplinary” by M.... Research in Cognitive Science suggests that the acquisition and employment of knowledge can be improved through the organization of the content presented to the learner.... Literary Studies and Cognitive Science: Toward a
... This paper "The Nature of cognitive Strategy Instruction" presents reflect different instructional approaches and illustrate different methods and techniques used in social sciences....
Artificial Intelligence: What Went Wrong
8 pages
(2087 words)
, Download 2
Free
Noam Chomsky along with other colleague scientists who have studied and are studying on the assembling and design of brain have given birth to the field of Cognitive Science.... A famous artificial intelligence researcher defended the methods and techniques that are being applied and said that methods similar to the methods that are adopted for research in other fields of sciences are being used for the purpose of research in the field of artificial intelligence and Cognitive Science as well....
The Psychology of Performance in Sports
8 pages
(2000 words)
, Download 2
Free
Most of the professional coaches and those involved in sports psychology nowadays use theories from Cognitive Science to elicit powerful performances from the athletes by providing rigorous mental and physical training, staging simulated plays in preparation for the real thing.... Cognitive Science.... du/entries/cognitive-science/
... This paper will discuss the relationship of cognitive psychology to athletes' over-all performance focusing mainly on the information processing model of Whiting, Welford, and Schmidt....
Understanding Psychology
6 pages
(1500 words)
, Download 1
Free
William James, the American philosopher and physician and one of the founders of modern psychology, defined psychology in 1890 as 'the science of mental life'.... Understanding Psychology Introduction William James, the American philosopher and physician and one of the founders of modern psychology, defined psychology in 1890 as “the science of mental life”.... Secondly, by understanding learning outcomes, teachers can concentrate on practising specific methods that promote cognitive development....
The Three Psychological Approaches
9 pages
(2493 words)
, Download 1
Free
ince the Cognitive Science & cognitive psychology are inter related, hence it covers the vast area of mind & intelligence & to the concept of information handling & processing.... The cell phone technology, artificial intelligence, softwares which make the task more easier & efficient; these all have come from an infrastructure based on Cognitive Science (Lin Lu, Anne Dosher.... We can neither decline the concept of behavior completely, nor can we oppose the concept of Cognitive Science as it has been very useful for us since invention, also the psychodynamic approach is very useful in determining the cause of any kind of bizarre behavior & may lead to powerful consequences.
...
Impressions of Nursing inormatics
1 pages
(250 words)
, Download 6
Free
Nursing informatics is a product of the scientific combination of data in nursing and it consists of ideas from computer science, information science, nursing science and Cognitive Science (Matney, Brewster, Sward, Cloyes, & Staggers, 2011).... Nursing informatics will evolve as more professionals use, access and expand the information, cognitive sciences and compute important to advance nursing science for the good of the professionals and the patients (McGonigle, Kirkwood, Mastrian & Rich, 2014)....
Are Neuroscientists Able to Explain Human Consciousness
7 pages
(1750 words)
, Download 2
Free
This was because the central concepts of Cognitive Science--like representation, belief, and perception--were intentional notions in the sense that such states are directed at objects and states of affairs in the world.... Nevertheless, most of the work on intentionality had been made completely disregarding its connections to consciousness, and later Searle ( 1989, 1990, and 1992) launched a major attack against Cognitive Science ignoring consciousness.... "Consciousness, explanatory inversion and Cognitive Science"....
The Theory-Theory and Simulation Theory within Empathy
9 pages
(2589 words)
, Download 0
Free
The idea is that TT applies the Cognitive Science to feature the sub personal level processes that enable individual level psychological phenomena such as perception of empathy.
... Cognitive Science.... Cognitive Science and Concepts of Mind: Towards a General Theory of
... The explanation of the capacities and cognitive abilities of human beings is the central goal of the contemporary cognitive study on behavior....
Performance Psychology Issues
8 pages
(2425 words)
, Download 2
Free
Most of the professional coaches and those involved in sports psychology nowadays use theories from Cognitive Science to elicit powerful performances from the athletes by providing rigorous mental and physical training, staging simulated plays in preparation for the real thing.... Cognitive Science.... du/entries/cognitive-science/
... The essay "Performance Psychology Issues" focuses on the critical, and multifaceted analysis of the relationship of cognitive psychology to athletes' overall performance focusing mainly on the information processing model of Whiting, Welford, and Schmidt....
Science Integration is a better study
1 pages
(250 words)
, Download 2
Free
Cognitive Science: An Introduction to the Science of the Mind.... The integration of science is responsible for providing the students with a strong background in science alongside shedding more light in other multidisciplinary.... However, even though integration of science is science Integration is a better study It is of crucial significance to acknowledge the fact that science Integration is a better study for students....
An Analysis of Jonzi D's Aeroplane Man
7 pages
(1809 words)
, Download 3
Free
It is clear that applying Cognitive Science to the analysis of a literary text might be contradictory.... Also, the application of Cognitive Science to the field of literary criticism may be contradictory.... Jonzi gets across that Cognitive Science is compatible with literary criticism, the key to this being a function of the way that the writer uses metaphorical structures that pervade society's everyday language.
... Of course, there is no one valid God's-eye interpretation of a literary work, whether the evidence for such a claim arises from cognitive metaphor or anything else An analysis of Jonzi D's Aeroplane man In this production, (the Aeroplane Man) Jonzi D presents a the full-length video that tells the story of a black man's sojourn from East London, on his global quest to find his spiritual homeland....
Jonzi D's Aeroplane man
7 pages
(1750 words)
, Download 2
Free
It is clear that applying Cognitive Science to the analysis of a literary text might be contradictory.... Also, the application of Cognitive Science to the field of literary criticism may be contradictory.... Jonzi gets across that Cognitive Science is compatible with literary criticism, the key to this being a function of the way that the writer uses metaphorical structures that pervade society's everyday language.
... Aeroplane man shows that ethnic stereotypes have a stable cognitive content, and that sometimes, insignificant events do invoke a wave of somewhat biased writings and statements....
How Did Technology Effect Learning
7 pages
(2103 words)
, Download 1
Free
On our ordinary routine, learning of concepts such as geometry and Cognitive Science has been based on the use of ordinary calculations and trickery games.... To aid in enhancing our learning of these crucial concepts (geometry and Cognitive Science), technology has aided in development of a Kindergarten Social Assistive Robot (KindSAR).... This technology has been very influential in ensuring that children enjoy efficient learning of geometric concepts and Cognitive Science....