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Comparison and Critical Evaluation of Different Theories of Interpersonal Attraction Abstract This paper compares and critically evaluates four theories of interpersonal attraction. The four theories of interpersonal attraction are: the Social Exchange Theory, Equity Theory, Evolutionary Theory, and the Attachment Theory.
The innovations in biological psychology and psychiatric medication have increased the tendency to find answers to psychological problems through biological mechanisms. Along with this psychotherapists have to pay attention to individual and cultural diversity among their clientele. In this scenario, the need to critically evaluate the various aspects of psychology as a discipline is important.
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7 pages (2008 words)
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, Literature review
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Some studies found that other primary factors contribute to suicidal ideation. For example, a study was completed by Browski, Ireland, and Resnick (2001) where they researched risk factors for adolescents in different cultures. They used data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, which was conducted in 1995 and 1996.
Solution Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT) also referred to as Solution Focused Therapy (SFT) is a relatively new form of psychotherapeutic intervention that focuses on solution-building rather than on problem-solving (Iveson, 2002). The SFT approach is largely based on the philosophy of social constructivism.
In a diverse workforce, it becomes an even greater challenge. Before deciding whether a team approach is appropriate, some considerations must be made. Firstly, it is necessary to look at the advantages and disadvantages of teams. Secondly, it is necessary to consider the interpersonal challenges associated with teams.
It was originally designed to "remedy the problems of existing rating scale by providing a specific measure of the severity of symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder that is not influenced by the type of obsessions or compulsions present". The scale is a "clinician-rated, 10-item scale, each item rated from 0 (no symptoms) to 4 (extreme symptoms) (total range, 0 to 40), with separate subtotals for severity of obsessions and compulsions." The characteristics of each item during the prior week up until and including the time of the interview is rated where scores reflect the average (mean) occurrence of each item for the entire week.
John Bowlby developed a theory about a child’s relationship with its mother that was the paradigmatic shift in how familial relationships were viewed. After reading Lorenz’s paper on imprinting, Bowlby had empirical support for rejecting Freud’s reason of sensuous oral fixation. The mother-infant bond was more than oral gratification and mother love.
7 pages (1500 words)
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The test was structured in three main parts, out of which the first one was purely demographic, having the strict purpose of establishing the gender and the educational level but also the educational background of each of the interviewed students.
The search for genetic influences in any complex disorder begins with studies of families, twins, and adoptees affected with the condition. They can provide preliminary evidence on the probable importance of genetic factors and serve as the foundation for subsequent research. People over the age of 18 are referred to as adult children of alcoholics.
The yearly costs of low morale and absenteeism in the United States are estimated to be $29 billion and a change of 4.99% in the national absence rate changes the gross national product by $10 billion. (London, 134-135) A great number of studies are done to identify the determinants of low morale and absenteeism.
The term 'dyslexia' was coined in 1887 by Rudolf Berlin. He used the term to refer to a case of a young boy who had a severe impairment in learning to read and write in spite of showing typical intellectual and physical abilities in all other respects. Several years later, W. Pringle Morgan, a British physician, published a description of a reading-specific learning disorder.
A personality test is a set of techniques that can be used to evaluate the negative traits affect a person live. These disorders are caused by many factors and their treatment level varies, where some may short duration while others will take longer to be adjusted.
By referring to In Home Counseling for at risk youths, it can be understood that children will show aggression in the classroom when they feel threatened.Unfortunately, children feel threatened when there is someone better than them at something especially when their home life does give security.For example, children from divorced homes have issues with low self-esteem and social competence because they left out from one or both parents.
He equates sexual addiction with sin and offers several intervention mechanisms. Laaser focuses more on the religious perspective on the issue. He also offers a professional bit into the matter. He sheds more light on the matter using Biblical worldview and other ethical perspectives. According to him, there is sexual sin in the wider society and the church.
One particular experience of a right-versus-right decision was when I was still working in the hospital. One of the AIDS patients died so I myself contacted a funeral home to pick up the body. When I asked them if they have known that the patient had HIV/AIDS, it turned out that they were not aware of the matter.
7 pages (1893 words)
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, Personal Statement
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I step near the door, keeping my eyes peeled for those dirty pink sandals and that toe that has made me curious for no reason. I feel absolutely ridiculous: I am no foot-fetishist. At least I don’t think I am. But the train comes to a stop, and though I keep a keen eye on every foot that gets down, I see no pink sandals.
The author states that Freud’s point of view is that human personality is composed of Id, Ego, and Super-Ego, which are affected by the two primary drives sex and aggression. How these drives are channeled in childhood play a vital role in developing human personalities. Freudian-slip website identifies five key development stages of Freud’s theory.
According to Petty (2000) “several large-scale national surveys showed that this is one of the most common (if not the most common) psychiatric disorders in the USA today”. To be fully diagnosed with this disorder, one must have symptoms in each of the symptom groups clustered into the intrusive, avoidance, and hyper arousal symptoms.
Although the original model had customized monitors, all that is required for the system are two desktop computers with broadband access, video cameras and microphones, and video-conferencing software. Hence, the system is easy to use for the child, hospital staff and teachers/caregivers at the remote location, and can be easily transferred to other users, and stored away when not in use (Weiss, 2000).
I have also used these techniques when I get upset with a family member. I will focus on their qualities (such as my father’s ability to be so patient with me) and the good times that we have shared. Then I will focus on the sensory details of that person and of that particular memory and I become not so upset.
The landscape was put in a state o panorama of death and devastation. Homes become sudden tombs that registered high death tolls with bodies rotting away upon bodies. The laxity in channeling prompt response is to blame for all this regardless of the Tsunami alert systems that have been planted on the vast water masses.
As a result, it may be important to have the leaders who in fact commit resources and project milestones privy to the project scope as a whole. In a large company such as ABB sometimes this is impossible, as I found out, due to the fact that perhaps the person, who is in charge of scheduling and putting the project scope together for that particular project, may, in fact, be in an entirely different country.
There are two ways in which mental health professionals can conduct a risk assessment in a legal manner. Firstly, the psychiatrists and psychologists can be sought help from asking them to assess the risk for their clients. The actions should be imposed on those who are viewed as criminals or those who are the victims of any such act, perhaps experiencing child abuse.
The assignment discusses in detail the consumer behaviour, starting the research main objective, which is to understand the negative and positive service encounters in hotels and restaurants and its impact on customer's behaviour. The consumption process as the basis of the report, which traces the evolution in the Western world, and then discuss the decision making process, followed by the literature review of the hospitality industry and research methodology to explore the issue with a solid conclusion.The objective of this research is to understand the consumer behaviour by studying consumer decision-making process and its application in hotel and restaurants, with reference to positive an
The process also helps in developing interaction between adults and children. One of the most important roles of the early year's specialist is providing this creativity and stimulation within the classroom that children require, which encourages positive social interaction, active engagement in learning, and self-motivation to aid in the child's holistic development.
It is evident that perceptible changes take place when a newborn gradually grows into a child and then grow to be an adult, along with this, there are some changes in strength in the appearance of feelings or the capacity to think and reason better as compared to others, formation of own principles or developing the ability to do work alone.
According to the authors, one problem that prevents managers from dealing with the more important organizational issues within a company is the seeming unproductive ‘busyness’ managers are constantly caught up in. In this sense, the authors provide their own prescriptive measures on how managers can overcome this problem.
The counsellor gets the total picture of the client’s psyche and can determine the areas in which the client needs more help. Whereas through the close-ended question the client tells only those things that the counsellor wants to know. This way the counsellor misses out on very crucial facts as the client hardly gets an opportunity to elaborately describe his situation.
4 pages (1136 words)
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After observing 52 McDonald's customers having a meal between 5 pm and 7:30 pm on 27 April 2009, it was found that 19 customers picked up their trays and emptied them in the trash bin. 8 customers picked up their trays and took them to the bin but did not empty them and instead piled them on the top rack with the litter still on them. 25 customers left their trays on the table.
Therefore it is extremely important to stimulate the development of a realistic perspective of oneself as early as possible. This survey is an advocate for self-esteem education, which emphasizes that the development of self-esteem in students is as important as giving them academic knowledge. We discuss the benefits of self-esteem education.
1 pages (250 words)
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, Research Proposal
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Attention, a state of focused awareness and readiness to respond, is the "first step in sensation and perception" and they together form the fundamental psychological condition for learning. (Johnstone, 2003, p. 87).
Sensation, perception and attention are the three most essential criteria for realizing the learning process and the environment has a vital impact on these.
The self image is developed in respect of the self image of the other self images. Society is amalgamation of fixed patterns versus flux which are result of situational differences. International students are similarly facing different situation a different cultures and a different role .All these variants produce a change in the perception of self which is sometimes subtle and sometimes pronounced and sometimes it leads an individual to stick to his self image with all the more vigor.
The аssessment of the group of people concerning the stаge of their morаl development provides а frаmework of this analysis. The group of people is а university clаss, the teаcher interviewed is the person who gives lectures to the clаss аnd works closely with the students. The teаcher, therefore, cаn evаluаte the morаl development of students.
When an individual is more courageous and takes more risks, life expands for that person. When he is fearful and refuses to take leaps of faith, however, life shrinks for him and he never fully experiences the entire spectrum of experience that life has to offer.
As per 'New York State Department of Health, 2005, guidelines, which are taken to be exemplary here, blood samples are to be tested for the presence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) either using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or rapid testing. Positive results should be subjected to Western Blot analysis.
STRESS is a pleasant state of emotional and physiological arousal that people experience in situations that they perceive as dangerous or threatening to their well-being. The word stress means different things to different people. It is defined as stress as “events or situations that cause them to feel tension, pressure.
There are not many schools in the United States that offer a degree in forensic psychology. The three primary programs are the California School of Professional Psychology, Widener University, and Sam Houston State University.
The author of the paper states that it was evident at the outset that this is one of those situations where a compromise solution will have to be adopted. However, compromises play vital roles in bringing different parties to consensus for decision-making. But, it is not as easy as it is said.
5 pages (1390 words)
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Schizophrenia, a group of related disorders that takes no time to turn into disability, however if given proper concern in this stage, it is lesser probability that it would turn into a disability. The patient builds certain characters which are not based upon reality and are fictitious, often the patient is found to communicate with those characters which he create in his imaginations.
The author states that there are three important points in each theory as explained below. Firstly, a theory focuses on a particular aspect of development. Some theories stress social-emotional development, some emphasize cognitive processes while others consider all aspects of development.
This emphasis on personal choice and capacity for change represents an historical departure from the more deterministic stance of traditional psychoanalysis. It also represents a more open-ended and less directive approach than competing behaviorist and brief therapy models.
Communicative situations using toys and pictures can teach children with autism to smile and to say few words, such as “Good morning” and “Goodbye”. Music is also can be used in this process, it helps establish ear dominance. Listening to music the child can draw, paint, play games, and work on puzzles read, and do exercises to increase sensory awareness.
According to the research findings, it can, therefore, be said that to avoid misunderstandings arising from cultural differences, each and everyone must respect the other’s culture. This will work since no one will view their culture as superior to others. In addition, all parties involved will feel that they have been treated with dignity.
By stimulus we include conscious intention not just, say, reacting away from a pin prick" as pointed out by Noel Huntley, PhD (2002) in his article "Reaction Times: The Two That Science Omitted" .
Simon's granddad indicated this very fact and set about trying to test this hypothesis with his friends.
Attachment Theory according to John Bowlby states that humans are psychologically motivated by the need for attachment. Attachment theory upholds that our survival is linked to and dependent upon the capacity to establish emotional ties. The four basic assumptions of attachment theory have been robustly supported by observational research.
The present paper has identified that Adler feels that in order to be able to find somebody else trusting, the individual must feel that he or she has control over his or her life, with the ability to make choices for himself or herself. Without this capability, the person will demonstrate psychopathological behavior and not appear trustworthy as a result.
Psychodynamic counselling is thus a model that utilises the various psychoanalytic concepts to explain human growth and development and the nature or causes of psychological problems. The model uses the therapeutic relationship to gain useful insight into the unconscious relationship patterns that have evolved from childhood.
Although Jane was the patient I was caring for, this incident is related to her mother. In this assignment, no information will be utilized which could violate the healthcare informatics confidentiality issues, such as anonymity, confidentiality, and data protection.
The author explains that counselling is a process that helps to untangle thoughts or feelings concerning a particular situation. It helps the client to realize themselves in a process of self actualisation. The counsellor listens to the client and guides the client to find possible solution to the problem.
Individuals who easily developed fears of dangerous objects or situations could have had a selective advantage in the struggle for survival. Furthermore, it is theorized that social anxiety disorder, like specific phobias, develops as a consequence of one or more traumatic conditioning experiences.