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Family as a system of roles: A family is composed of many individuals who have certain responsibilities to ensure the integrity and sustainability of the family unit. Drug and alcohol misuse not merely has effects on the actual enthusiast as well as his/her existence, but also the day-to-day lives connected with members of the family (Edith, 1993).
The case study involves my childhood friend James who was my neighbor as well as my classmate. James was often seen as facing difficulty in class reading assignments and finding it relatively difficult to differentiate between similar looking alphabetical letters and numbers; he also often complained about numbers and alphabets dancing in the notebook.
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The prenatal experience increases the reinforcing efficiency of the target stories. The result with the reinforcer increases the chance of the newborn reacting (DeCasper, 1986). It is argued that these reinforcement probabilities and ratios that are used on experienced infants are mostly determined by the typical pregnancy conditions (Harlene, 2003).
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Further recommendations require the clinician to maintain an active role in long-term treatment planning and family support as well as the support of the individual and clinicians specifically making inquiries about the use of alternative/complementary treatments and being prepared to discuss their risks and potential benefits.
The primary purpose of narrative therapy is to provide a fresh approach to counseling, as well as social work, which provides a respectful and non-blaming environment. This approach further allows people to consider themselves the experts of their own lives.
This idealization of beauty with females is being attributed to human history since its civilization. It has been argued by Elayne Saltzberg and Joan C. Chrisler (2006) that, the ideal female body has become an integral obsession for female individuals in the modern world.
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A child with autism suffers from various social and language difficulties that include unclear communication efforts and social relations (Bridges, 2004). Other developmental disabilities such as attention-deficit hyperactivity, and developmental coordination enuresis among others are normally diagnosed during childhood years.
Researchers have unearthed that emotional awareness is pertinent to child’s development since it allows the child to develop emotional self-awareness and the capability to understand feelings. Emotional awareness also empowers an individual to handle emotions appropriately, demonstrating how to handle stress and upsetting or conflicting feelings.
In testing the claim, the researchers used a total of twenty-five participants who were exposed to different pairs of crossed, vertical, and horizontal bars. One of the bars used in each pair was white while one was red or blue. To correctly identify the orientation rather than the color of the nonwhite bar demanded appropriate binding.
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In the first example, the answers collected will be more valid than those collected by researcher B. In example A, the respondent either finds it hard to use the device or finds it easy. But in the second case, the respondents might not know what defines fairly easy or fairly difficult. There is no clear definition of what fairly easy entails.
In contemporary psychology, the mind-body debate helps in studying cognition, especially in the field of cognitive psychology. Cognition entails the study of mental processes taking place in a person’s brain. In cognitive psychology and contemporary psychology, the mind-body debate strives to highlight the relationship between the mind and body.
Cognitive-behavioral theories have been developed for several anxiety disorders, including panic disorders, social phobias, generalized anxiety disorders, and, of course, OCD. Researchers have examined and compared the effectiveness of CBT to no treatment at all, stress management training, and SRIs to treat OCD.
The psychiatrist uses specially designed assessment tools. The diagnosis is based on the patient's reported symptoms like social and functional issues emanating from the symptoms. Next is the psychiatrist to determine if the patient’s symptoms and degree of the effect related to any specific mental disorder.
The impact of “feral children” often becomes applicable to scenarios such as children who develop without or with minimal caregiving by parents. This could be applicable in the field of criminal psychology where we look at the deprivation of caregiving and the effect on the child psychologically and physiologically.
The study expounds on the different elements of the psychoanalysis theory, and the method in which sessions are executed in a psychodynamic approach of counsel. It concludes with the concept of psychotherapy, with its significance during a person’s recovery state- to achieve optimal health and well being.
The reference for this part of the literature review is taken from a rehabilitation blog that gives specific information about pornography and its possible link to sexual addiction (“Teens”, 2011). The blog has information that has been taken from a variety of sources including some peer reviewed sources.
The client explained that they were experiencing some stress about an upcoming family event that they were required to attend. The client admitted to being distant from the rest of the family, and events like this caused discomfort and awkward moments all around since a number of the older relatives were unable to relate to some choices of the client.
Family therapy help family members improve communication, solve family problems, understand and handle special family situations (for example, death, serious physical or mental illness, or child and adolescent issues), and create a better functioning home environment.
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Russell Simmons is said to be the pioneer of hip-hop black music in the mid-1970s. He changed his focus on hearing rap music, and innovated to produce a new genre of music based on beats and rhythms – the hip-hop. Hence at a youthful age of 27, Russell Simmons was already an entrepreneur of novel music.
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Minority in society are challenged due to their position in society. Sometimes some minority groups in the society may register psychological problems because of their position in the society. The United States of America has a number of minority groups who may face the challenge of upholding their language or culture.
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Language development on the isolated child is a slow and challenging task. Therefore, such children tend to experience delaying language. Indeed, their memory might not process the information early enough, as the child who develops with his/her mother.
There are two types of AD. It can happen as early as before 60 years old if we are lucky enough to have the early onset AD that is very uncommon and has very rapid progression. Late onset on the other hand, is what we commonly observe for the senile population that happens around after they age 60.
Mitchell (p.222) states that divorce is a “complex social phenomenon as well as a traumatic personal experience”. According to Maslow’s theory, human needs arrange themselves in a hierarchy, and individuals attempt to satisfy basic-level needs before modifying behavior to fulfill higher level needs (Gambrel & Cianci 146).
Different researchers have established that fetus develops within a complex environment, which later affects their subsequent development after birth. In this perspective, it has been identified that at no time in the life span does development occur faster, or is the environment more important than between conception and birth.
One of the seven sins is blocking. There are times when we remember the first letter of a word but we can’t remember the entire word. This is usually known as the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon. The sound of the word and the meaning of the word are located in different places in our brain (Begley).
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It chronicles her growth from a self-proclaimed “strange” girl to an irrepressibly artistic young woman. It tracks her depressing and chaotic life as she struggles to endure the manifold psychological maladies that threaten to devour her being. The book is a personal account of her battles with bipolar disorder, borderline personality disorder, anorexia, bulimia and numerous unsuccessful attempts at suicide.
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Addiction Behavior Introduction Drug addiction is not a regional or national problem; rather it is a global problem. A successful treatment program for drug addiction needs to revolve around cultural realties. In the drug addiction society, the twelve-step fellowships need to be adopted.
Specific areas of research have been developed to address these gaps in knowledge and to develop a better understanding of human functioning. Multicultural psychology is one of the upcoming specializations in psychology that attempts to understand the complexities if human behavior in context to the interactions between humans who come from different cultural contexts and to use this understanding to not only build theory about these conditions, but also to enhance the interactive experience for people from all cultures (Nagayama-Hall & Barongan, 2001).
A vast amount of research has been conducted in the field of Organizational Citizenship Behaviors over the last three decades. While some trends have been apparent from the beginning, some others have not been as easily explainable. Most research into factors that affect the prevalence of OCB’s has focused on a single dimension at one time.
The abstract is not provided on its own page and it is so brief in that, it does provide the complete information concerning what the reader should expect. Additionally, the abstract does not provide an outline of the whole report and the kind of information the reader should expect under each sub-topic.
ATTITUDE OF ENTITLEMENT Attitude of entitlement in American society Two articles as will be discussed below were developed to validate the sense of Attitude Entitlement (SAE). The articles will clearly point out the importance and unique nature of such an attitude through the theories presented by the evidence from experiments.
Albeit the seriousness, we sometimes deny it especially in cases of psychological abuse of a husband to his wife. It can be in the form ridicule and criticism by the husband, or his refusal to acknowledge the wife as a human being. This can lead to depression, anxiety and destroyed self-worth.
The laboratory-based research gives a guideline to the current situations in the real world. Through the research conducted they are useful in providing solutions to problems incurred in the current time experienced in the Real-world today. These relationships show that laboratory-based research is related to real-world life.
Stories are mostly based on believes more than they are in reality. They also shape a person’s experiences, whereby the most frequently told stories to tend to actualize with time. In the same article Jerome Bruner, a cognitive psychologist concludes, from his research with infants, that babies have the ability to know of their mom’s intentions.
It is important to note that where there are distinguished personality traits present in every individual, these behavioral patterns remain consistent and show little variation throughout the lifespan of that person, however, behavioral variations do take place due to extraordinary external stimuli.
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The study is based on the general notion that certain acts classified as criminal are present and consistent across several societies. These actions are related closely to delinquent behavior and are to the extent or level of being immoral. Crime is an act that impacts or affects everyone whether indirectly through economic and social costs.
Researchers have conducted a number of studies indicating that a variety of factors contribute to effective strategies for smoking cessation and preventing relapses. Essentially the literature is undecided in terms of whether only drug-based interventions are effective for achieving permanent cessation of smoking.
John is a very cheerful personality and does not like to sit in one place. He is very outgoing and dynamic. He is wearing a red shirt with black shorts and looks very active and vibrant in action. He is looking very comfortable and is playing football in the backyard of his house. At times John is looking at me with curiosity and comes to me and smiles and run away.
Psychology apart from mental disorders also studies abnormal behavior among individuals, and this can include the analysis of intelligence and personality.
People’s interactions in a macro-social setup influence their behavior and interpersonal relations. An individual’s rationale for example plays a major role in the person’s perception of his or her environment and the person’s possible reactions. This scope of people’s behaviors and their cognitive potentials forms the scope of psychology.
For instance, whereas the structural therapist aims to disrupt the dysfunctional relationships inherent within the family unit to invoke change and development of healthier patterns, the Milan Systemic therapist aims to provide new information rather than attempting to set specific goals for change within the family unit.
Stereotype threat is sometimes considered as challenging the norms of the society. When a person criticizes its own cultural heritage then it can become very difficult for the people to co-exist within that particular society. There are many examples from history in which societies get destroyed when their own people begun to challenge the norms of the society.
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Drug trafficking in South Florida is a criminal offense whereby those caught associated with it are likely to be convicted by law and may end up being jailed for many years. This explains why the federal government of South Florida was searching for Sal Magluta and Willy Falcon who had formed a drug cartel in South Florida.
The information is processed in different forms including sounds, meaning, and images among others. There are also different stages of memory that include encoding, storage, and retrieval (Rice et al, 2000). Information can be processed or encoded in three different ways including visual, acoustic, and semantic ways.
Mergers are formed with the main aim of realizing economic gains. Agencies involved in a merger should be worth more together than when they were apart in order for the merger to be justified. Some advantages of mergers include combining resources, eliminating inefficiencies, attaining economies of scale, and garnering tax advantages.
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Experimental psychology is a branch of psychology that entails the application of the experimental method, to study behavior, as well as the factors underlying the behavior. Various experiments have been undertaken to study the behavior of humans and even animals in the field of psychology, and results generated explained the occurrence of certain behaviors.
In treating patients, several techniques are usable; one of the techniques that a counsellor is likely to use is ‘the stages of change model’, where u go through the stages that the patient will undergo trying to overcome the problem; they are pre-contemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance and relapse
A Critical Evaluation of Research: The Facilitation Theory (the humanist approach) Introduction The changing outlook of the field of teaching has shifted from didacticism towards facilitated learning, and this paradigm shift has come with the need, for teachers to take different roles and to use new techniques in teaching (Gregory, 2002).
In their analysis, they drew reference to the United States’, Chinese and Japanese firms. For firms operating in areas with diverse cultural backgrounds to operate in profitability, it is mandatory to consider the cultural differences of the people in that country.