Psychology Essays

A vast amount of research has been conducted in the field of Organizational Citizenship Behaviors over the last three decades. While some trends have been apparent from the beginning, some others have not been as easily explainable. Most research into factors that affect the prevalence of OCB’s has focused on a single dimension at one time.

The abstract is not provided on its own page and it is so brief in that, it does provide the complete information concerning what the reader should expect. Additionally, the abstract does not provide an outline of the whole report and the kind of information the reader should expect under each sub-topic.

ATTITUDE OF ENTITLEMENT Attitude of entitlement in American society Two articles as will be discussed below were developed to validate the sense of Attitude Entitlement (SAE). The articles will clearly point out the importance and unique nature of such an attitude through the theories presented by the evidence from experiments.

Albeit the seriousness, we sometimes deny it especially in cases of psychological abuse of a husband to his wife. It can be in the form ridicule and criticism by the husband, or his refusal to acknowledge the wife as a human being. This can lead to depression, anxiety and destroyed self-worth.

The laboratory-based research gives a guideline to the current situations in the real world. Through the research conducted they are useful in providing solutions to problems incurred in the current time experienced in the Real-world today. These relationships show that laboratory-based research is related to real-world life.

There are several sources of reference where psychiatrists refer to when diagnosing and attending to psychiatrist patients.

Stories are mostly based on believes more than they are in reality. They also shape a person’s experiences, whereby the most frequently told stories to tend to actualize with time. In the same article Jerome Bruner, a cognitive psychologist concludes, from his research with infants, that babies have the ability to know of their mom’s intentions.

 It is important to note that where there are distinguished personality traits present in every individual, these behavioral patterns remain consistent and show little variation throughout the lifespan of that person, however, behavioral variations do take place due to extraordinary external stimuli.

The study is based on the general notion that certain acts classified as criminal are present and consistent across several societies. These actions are related closely to delinquent behavior and are to the extent or level of being immoral. Crime is an act that impacts or affects everyone whether indirectly through economic and social costs.

Researchers have conducted a number of studies indicating that a variety of factors contribute to effective strategies for smoking cessation and preventing relapses. Essentially the literature is undecided in terms of whether only drug-based interventions are effective for achieving permanent cessation of smoking.

John is a very cheerful personality and does not like to sit in one place. He is very outgoing and dynamic. He is wearing a red shirt with black shorts and looks very active and vibrant in action. He is looking very comfortable and is playing football in the backyard of his house. At times John is looking at me with curiosity and comes to me and smiles and run away.

Psychology apart from mental disorders also studies abnormal behavior among individuals, and this can include the analysis of intelligence and personality.

People’s interactions in a macro-social setup influence their behavior and interpersonal relations. An individual’s rationale for example plays a major role in the person’s perception of his or her environment and the person’s possible reactions. This scope of people’s behaviors and their cognitive potentials forms the scope of psychology.

For instance, whereas the structural therapist aims to disrupt the dysfunctional relationships inherent within the family unit to invoke change and development of healthier patterns, the Milan Systemic therapist aims to provide new information rather than attempting to set specific goals for change within the family unit.

Stereotype threat is sometimes considered as challenging the norms of the society. When a person criticizes its own cultural heritage then it can become very difficult for the people to co-exist within that particular society. There are many examples from history in which societies get destroyed when their own people begun to challenge the norms of the society.

Drug trafficking in South Florida is a criminal offense whereby those caught associated with it are likely to be convicted by law and may end up being jailed for many years. This explains why the federal government of South Florida was searching for Sal Magluta and Willy Falcon who had formed a drug cartel in South Florida.

The information is processed in different forms including sounds, meaning, and images among others. There are also different stages of memory that include encoding, storage, and retrieval (Rice et al, 2000). Information can be processed or encoded in three different ways including visual, acoustic, and semantic ways.

Mergers are formed with the main aim of realizing economic gains. Agencies involved in a merger should be worth more together than when they were apart in order for the merger to be justified. Some advantages of mergers include combining resources, eliminating inefficiencies, attaining economies of scale, and garnering tax advantages.

Experimental psychology is a branch of psychology that entails the application of the experimental method, to study behavior, as well as the factors underlying the behavior. Various experiments have been undertaken to study the behavior of humans and even animals in the field of psychology, and results generated explained the occurrence of certain behaviors.

In treating patients, several techniques are usable; one of the techniques that a counsellor is likely to use is ‘the stages of change model’, where u go through the stages that the patient will undergo trying to overcome the problem; they are pre-contemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance and relapse

A Critical Evaluation of Research: The Facilitation Theory (the humanist approach) Introduction The changing outlook of the field of teaching has shifted from didacticism towards facilitated learning, and this paradigm shift has come with the need, for teachers to take different roles and to use new techniques in teaching (Gregory, 2002).

In their analysis, they drew reference to the United States’, Chinese and Japanese firms. For firms operating in areas with diverse cultural backgrounds to operate in profitability, it is mandatory to consider the cultural differences of the people in that country.

The research ought to have included other data about youths still in the community setting who due to lack of adequate measures may end up involving themselves with the court system. Incorporating at-risk youth populations in the research before their juvenile court involvement would enable tracking of their outcomes.

Schizophrenia is a chronic disease that has a very negative impact on the brain of an individual. People suffering from this disorder may hear strange voices, that a normal human being will not hear. Victims of this disorder always believe other people are trying to manipulate and control their minds.

Freud recognized the importance of anxiety by arguing that anxiety is a critical component of neurosis and distinguished between objective and neurotic anxiety. According to Freud, objective means the reaction that human beings have to external danger, injury that is expected while neurotic anxiety is free-floating.

To ensure effective learning methods, there must be knowledge, understanding, and availability of mechanisms and instruments geared towards edification and better results in the learning process (Smith, 2007). An example of such mechanisms and equipments includes the use of technology in learning.

Newspapers, magazines, blogs and other forms of media are replete with discussions on stress. From books discussing how to cope with stress to talk shows on how to reduce stress levels in individuals, we are bombarded with information of stress in our daily lives.

Level 1 is known as the pre-conventional morality which has two stages: obedience and punishment, and individualism and exchange. Stage one is the earliest stage in which moral development is taking place in young children. However this stage is not only focused on children, adults too can express this type of development.

 As theories developed in the field of Psychology, differing perspectives have existed even among those who started the Behaviorist Movement in the 1990s. John B. Watson, who coined the word “behaviorism,” soon found his perspective different from those of his colleagues B. F. Skinner and Edward C. Tolman. 

Autism appears to be on the ascent, and an autism range disorders influence between two and six children out of each 1,000 in the US. However, it's misty if the developing occurrence of autism speaks for a legitimate build or recently enhanced detection. Early determination of an autism range disorder is vital.

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is a chronic neurological condition that becomes apparent in childhood, before the age of seven, but often continues into adulthood. It is characterized by a persistent restless energy and an inability to quietly concentrate on intellectual tasks such as schoolwork.

Karen Horney is very important for her contributions to feminine psychology, which had been forgotten for many years but has been highly influential since their publication in Feminine Psychology in the year of 1967. They are especially noteworthy for their analysis of female development from a woman's point of view.

This paper tells that unique stories have been shared by both Kubler-Ross and Kessler to make the reader understand the ideas. Their ideas are similar and blend very well with a dynamic philosophy. The main theme of the book Life Lessons is purely spiritual but they both avoid many of the controversies surrounding Kubler-Ross’s previous book, The Wheel of Life.

Before going into the details, let’s first get to know what critical thinking actually is. Moore (2010, p.8) defines critical thinking as “both a deliberate meta-cognitive (thinking about thinking) and cognitive (thinking) act whereby a person reflects on the quality of the reasoning process simultaneously while reasoning to a conclusion.”

It is the branch of Psychology that deals with personality issues, life’s motivations, and factors that contribute to the behavior of both an individual and groups of individuals as well as social interactions are concerned. It generally seeks to explain the relationship between a person’s thoughts and behavior, on one hand.

The Nivea Visage advert features Akademi Fantasia’s star Marsha Londoh. In the advert, the star talks of how having oil-free and beautiful-looking skin while on stage (which comes after using Nivea's visage helps her feel more confident. She goes on to say that having beautiful skin gives her the freedom to enjoy herself.

Family is defined by the U.S. Census Bureau as two or more individuals who are related by marriage, blood, or adoption. The Family International (TFI) accordingly defined a family as a unit of individuals connected by genealogical links or in a manner that legally and morally replicates these genealogical links such as adoption.

In token economy, we analyze the goals. Furthermore, we analyze the components of a token economy. We have to analyze the contents of the token economy due to the occurrence of varied token economies. In this study, we appreciate the importance of using a token economy by outlining the steps used in using and creating an applicable token economy.

An individual starts with a desire to do something and then follows through with a behavior that is motivated by their desire. When s/he thinks about life and the need for education, s/he realizes that s/he was not motivated to pursue more education before this time. Circumstances and life, in general, prevented them from pursuing college.

Flaws in research papers are likely to reduce the level of accuracy of scientific content. To verify a given material scientifically, one has to examine its introduction, appropriate use of theory, selection of methods and materials, results obtained, and the conclusion with further examination of new findings and their implications.

There are various aspects of health- physical health, social health, psychological health, religious health and mental health. All these aspects of health and any alteration from the normal affect the normal functioning of the body. Mental illness remains the most feared condition among all the aspects of health disturbance. Mention the words “mental illness” and it sends shivers down the spines of many people.

Therefore, concept of learning is a tactic that requires a learner to compare and contrast categories or groups that contain concept-relevant traits with categories or groups that do not contain concept-relevant traits (Behlol, 2010). Concept of learning also refers to an education task, where a machine learner or human is trained to categorize objects by being given a set of example objects together with their class labels (Thorpea, 2004).

The experience of an object in motion and the effect it has on the mental orientation of a person. This experiment involves viewing an object which is in relative motion with stationary eyes. It was found that the retinal reaction after observing such an object and then focusing on another item that is stationary makes look like moving in the opposite direction. 

“Drinking Apart” provides a rich account of three households in New York City as they recover from the problem of substance abuse. In the Sam and Toinette’s family, the latter is an alcoholic undergoing a fragile recuperation (Films Media Group, 2000).

The industrial revolution refers to the period between 1750 to 1850 when changes in mining, technology, and transport among other aspects of human life took control of economic, and cultural conditions. The industrial revolution marks a very important turning point in human behavior and history as almost every aspect of life was affected and changed in some way.

Straight eight-hour sleep debt is responsible for the occasional drowsiness that people get when driving, in class, or attending activities that require high levels of concentration. Many of us usually blame meals or being in a cozy environment for lapsed concentration whereas, in a real sense, our biological systems are trying to pay the accumulated sleep debt.

There have been myths about the causes of sexual offending ranging from the view that sexual offending is a form of the hereditary issue to sexual offending being attributed to mental illness. This paper will articulate the nature of sex crimes and the psychological, social, biological, and cognitive characteristics of typical sex offenders.

In this case, people are expected to relate in a way that is consistent with their personal feelings. Additionally, its members are expected to take care of their families and themselves, other than depending on the community. Researchers also argue that an individual can either be low on collectivism or individualism, but not both.  

Positive psychology and the Army Master Resilience program have been working towards ensuring fitness in the lives of different groups faced by challenging situations in various aspects of life. Positive psychology has been focusing on assisting the public ranging from children and youth in learning institutions, and adults.

While thinkers of different thought processes like socio-cultural, feminist, and social learning, have come up with a variety of explanations for intimate partner violence, only psychological and psychosocial theories have been able to provide enlightenment into this area with the least amount of speculation and assumptions.