Psychology Essays

This article touches upon the subject of personality disorder symptoms in children, namely their relationship over time with the emergence of intimacy in early adulthood and well-being during adolescence. Using Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development of personality, the authors establish a relationship between well-being of adolescents and identity consolidation of the latter.

The author states that he did have some concepts of retirement and saving for a rainy day, but nothing immediate. But then about three years into his job, he really started thinking about going for higher studies in the United States. It was not that he thought their universities were better than theirs or their quality of education.

Using the tools of cognitive assessment, specific distortions are addressed by the therapist who then guides the patient in correcting thinking patterns. Essentially therapy is aimed at getting patients to interpret what they are facing today rather than childhood experiences. CBT makes the patient learn self-help skills. 

Reflection cannot and should not be assessed some writers have claimed. (Sumison et al, 1996). Assessment strongly influences students’ learning, as Stewart and Richardson (2000) if reflective activities are not assessed, it may suggest to students that there is no value whatsoever attached to reflection.

There are several reasons for a person to get motivated in doing a specific act. To list a few it may include basic needs such as food or a desired object, goal, state of being, or ideal. Besides, the motivation for a behavior may also be attributed to less-apparent reasons such as altruism or morality.

In its most general meaning, HE demonstrates changes in the response of an experimental group, which takes source from the awareness of such group members about their being under experiment (attention). In other words, when a person knows that he/she is supervised, the results of his/her output change; as a rule, the output increases or improves.

The decisions are taken based on data pooling, which in turn is influenced by the total number of participants, the combination of various simulation methods, also known as psychological exercises, the team of evaluators, numerous job-related behaviors, and finally, the sharing of data. (Ballantyne & Povah, 2004) 

Man has long questioned the essence of his existence. The search for meaning seems boundless and daunting in the sense that people don’t know where to begin and where to end in this valiant search for the existential truth. Viktor Frankl (1905-1997) is an Austrian psychiatrist who developed a form of existential psychotherapy known as “logotherapy”.

Psychological studies οf formal reasoning have fallen largely into two domains: deductive reasoning and statistical inference. These two endeavors have much in common and some researchers work in both areas. In both cases, participants are presented with what problem-solving researchers call well-defined problems. 

There is a notable trend with mentally retarded children in most of public or social areas. When we look at the mentally retarded children in schools, in the streets, inside parks and even inside their very homes especially in the presence of a new person e.g. a visitor, the mentally retarded children are always found in isolation or in the company of the other mentally retarded children.

Hereditary, brain disorder, diet, stress, and family function are attributed to causing emotional disturbance though research has not yet been able to fully verify this. The characteristics of these emotional disturbances in children include hyperactivity, aggression, and self-injurious behavior, withdrawal from normal interaction with other children.

As a student Christian Chaplain, connected with the psychiatric hospital on an eleven-week placement at two hours a time, I found myself to be the sole chaplain for the entire ward. I had to report to the senior chaplain and three other chaplains’ students. This gave me the opportunity to meet various patients with diverse complaints. 

It was also concerned with the study of six professional or semi-professional athletes of the male gender who played for rugby or football teams in the England and South Wales areas of the UK. The participants were interviewed and data revealed similarities to the research that had been done before on the psychological and emotional aspects of recovery from injury.

Interpersonаl therаpy is а treаtment thаt focuses on the behаviors аnd sociаl interаctions а pаtient hаs with fаmily аnd friends. Cognitive-behаviourаl therаpy is а generic term referring to therаpies thаt incorporаte both behаviorаl interventions аnd cognitive interventions. Solution-focused therаpy is а problem-solving аpproаch to difficulties which concentrаtes on finding effective wаys to meet chаllenges. 

The aetiology of criminal behaviour from the standpoint of genetic and environment influence is a subject that has engendered much debate in the medical, and scientific communities as to which of these two areas carries more weight and influence. Before the 20 century, aggressive and or violent behaviour was thought to be akin to one being possessed by the devil, and or spirits, as well as a condition of depravity.

Psychological theory is usually thought of as a systematic set of ideas and statements about the scientific study of behavior and cognitive processes. The field of psychology thus seeks to obtain scientific information on everything we think, feel, or do.

Many arguments regarding courage have raged about in the media and in discourses and debates; differing ideologies collide and make for thought-provoking conversations, yet in the end, one’s own definition of courage remains intact as new ideas are digested into its structure. This in and of itself is courage.

Gerbner and Gross (1976) reported that viewers who watched television more than average are more distrustful, overestimate the risk of criminal violence, buy more locks, dogs and guns to protect themselves. So, even though this group may not actually resort to violence they nevertheless still react to the perceived threat of violence instigated by the media.

The reason why identical twins reared in different environments still exhibit similar traits such as the colour of eyes and hair, level of intelligence, and personality among others. It also explains why some individuals exhibit certain behaviours later in life; for example, some people inherit criminal tendencies and hence become criminals.

Trust Building and Mutual Respect. Is trust building a mutual process or is it a one-sided interaction? There are many problems associated with trust. One issue is that of asymmetry in the mental and coping powers of the administrator and the user. There was thus the scope of possibility of biases creeping in the process.

In 1992, Ice-T, a famous but notorious rap singer, created controversy which offered a method to control the promotion of deviant messages to adolescents. His song “Cop Killer” erupted a growth in lyric monitoring on all public material that uses music or videos as messengers of opposing and disturbing views (Delflem 2005).

Not only that, the attitudes of our family members set a precedent expectation from us. For example, the number of siblings you have and your own number, whether you are an elder brother or sister, or a middle one or the youngest one, will definitely have a greater say in deciding how you yourself turn out to be.

This essay traces a history of events inspired by Galton to measure intelligence. The latter part discusses the perpetuation of racist attitudes in the western societies and sheds light on how psychological research. The last part looks at the dilemma of the minorities and women in the nineteenth century – a time when gender and racist biased.

The essay "Confidentiality as an Ethical Dilemma" shows the key facts that create an ethical dilemma when confidentiality must be breached. This is the nature of an ethical dilemma in which confidentiality is an issue. When sharing confidential information outside a treatment relationship, psychologists must consider the nature, purpose, and manner of the disclosure.

The Special Educational Needs Code of Practice (DfES, 2001a) refers to specific learning difficulties in a section considering ‘cognition and learning’. The section also refers to other learning difficulties such as moderate, severe, and profound that affect a child more generally and are not therefore specific learning difficulties.

Keirsey’s Temperament Sorter has 4 temperament types, and the model may be used in conjunction with that of Myers and Briggs, which consists of sixteen personality types. Briggs and her daughter Myers “added a fourth dimension to the three Jung dimensions, namely Judging-Perceiving, which is related to a personality's approach to decision-making". 

Researchers are making great strides in understanding the genetic and neurological causes of dyslexia. Educators and parents must take this information and convey it to children with dyslexia. Children with dyslexia need to learn facts based on sound scientific information to build accurate conceptions of their disability in their minds.

What is important is that it is now possible to do these experiments so that they effectively add to our understanding of the dynamics of the behavior of groups in real-life situations. The social psychologist who attempts to do such experimentation, however, is faced with several difficult decisions which he must make.

The major objective of a work-related therapist is to make the most of the patient's self-governing performance. The areas of performance which may need development are strong-minded by the enduring and the psychoanalyst together. Occupational therapists use focused behavior as their action techniques and goals. Occupational therapy conducts are not incomplete.

  In this situation, in order to avoid unnecessary confusion due to unsystematic approach to the investigation of social processes, a good solution is to start from the initial definition of methodology that will be used for the examination of social problems. Generally speaking, alternative methodologies.

I have a capability of remembering names and relationships and I attribute to family heredity. But I have a poor memory when it comes to faces and this perhaps due to lack of attention. Also my ancestors being intellectual, might have considered it mundane and focused their attention on bookish theories more than day-today social interactions, of which I myself am guilty.

This paper tells that the characteristic of Cognitive Miser is defined that most people use the least amount of information or mental effort to process information. An example would be the opening of the mail. A glance at the envelope would all most people would require to figure out that it is from the credit card company and most likely a bill.

Our culture shows individuals to withdraw into themselves when they are challenged with traumatic situations. It is a fierce circle. One of the major eventualities of contemporary culture is isolation and a persistent feeling of separation. The answer shows this culture and time offer persons is to further run away which only aggravates the problem.

The scientist praises language as the essential element to the development of thinking, claiming that the school needs to provide many opportunities that allow children to reach the third stage of inner speech since it is responsible for all higher levels of functioning. The child begins to perceive the world not only through its eyes.

All of us have some negative automatic thoughts every day but when we are depressed we tend to have lots more of them. If we have lots of these kinds of thoughts each day we could end up feeling depressed and once we are depressed, the negative automatic thoughts take over. Negative automatic thoughts not only make us feel bad or depressed.

As the World Health Organization famously says, “There is no health without mental health.” In the course of a lifetime, not all people will experience a mental illness, but everyone will struggle or have a challenge with their mental well-being (i.e., their mental health) just like we all have challenges with our ...

A percept inside the head is stimulated towards the right or left ear or middle of the head. This is accomplished by stimulation of the same sound in both left and right headphones (Diotic) or with different sounds in both left and right headphones (Dichotic). The program “Sound localization” was opened by selecting start, then programs sound localization.

Managing precincts and dual associations are particularly apposite ethical issues, which take place in the counseling area. It is necessary for counselors to be attentive to the ethical directives relating to boundaries and multiple associations. Maintaining boundaries between a counselor and a client is significant for the comprehension and sustenance of dual relationships with the client.

Domestic violence, which is a pattern of abusive behaviors within intimate relationships such as marriage, dating, family, or cohabitation, has been one of the most widely discussed topics in the contemporary world and it is also known as domestic abuse, spousal abuse, child abuse or intimate partner violence (IPV). 

The key to the observations in this research was the participants following the instructions for their group. If the individual failed to do this then this will adversely affect the results; therefore if a person in the disassociative group actually associated with the pain then this would give an incorrect tabulation.

The elusive pursuit of the satisfaction of the main character is largely driven by his desire for a relational counterpart that possesses qualities similar to the mother figure of Lady Fujitsubo. While The Tale of Genji is perhaps the oldest novel in the word, the psychological aspects of the characters in this work are still vibrant. 

Whereas "natural" oppressions are overt and easily recognizable, man-made-or socially induced--oppression has, as a rule, to be unmasked, even though in social life, oppression, like power, is ubiquitous. Moreover, unlike naturally induced oppression, the concept of man-made oppression accepts as its basic assumption the concept of free will.

We define intelligence as refined information desired or used by the state to further its national goals or policies. Intelligence concerns the means by which such information is collected, the translation of that raw information through interpretation or analysis based on both technical exploitation and a more subjective "expertise".

The challenge for practitioners is to be able to carefully examine people in order to identify the exact type of disorder one is suffering from. Practitioners should also encourage the patients to provide all the details about their problems including information about their earlier treatments if any. 

The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health defines job stress as the harmful physical and emotional responses that occur when the requirements of the job do not match the capabilities, resources, or needs of the worker. Stress is generally an undesirable pathological human reaction to psychological, social, occupational, or environmental stimuli.

Among the studies conducted in recent years, the intervention program tested and studied by Sallows and Graupner deserves considerable attention. In this study, the impact of parent-directed and clinic-directed behavioral intervention in the early treatment of infants diagnosed with autism is scientifically investigated across a period of four years.

It remains perhaps the most inhuman and innately harmful happening that has the potential of ruining the rest of a child’s life. While Child sexual abuse remains illegal in all countries, it has also been almost impossible to eradicate it. This is mainly because the child is usually abused by either family members or friends.

According to the paper, Baddeley and Hitch proposed multi-component model of working memory, in which they have described that two ‘slave systems’ are accountable for short-term maintenance of information, one contributes for verbal and acoustic information – the phonological loop and the another one contributes to visual equivalent.

Aging can be described as universal and probabilistic. Universal aging is the change in ages that happen to all people in the society. Probabilistic aging on the other hand my happen to some particular segment of the aging population but not to all people e.g. the development of Type II diabetes. However the most definable kind of aging is the chronological aging which refers to the advancement in years that people undergoes. (Marcia, 1980)

Follow-up studies of patients with this disorder have shown that significant clinical improvement is slow. Often borderline patients must wait several years before they see improvement in their day-to-day lives. These results are alarming considering the fact that 70-75% of borderline patients have a history of at least one self-injurious act. In addition to this, borderline patient populations have a suicide rate of 9%.