Relationship between Temperament and Character Inventory - Research Proposal Example

Assessment of Personality: The Relationship between Temperament and Character Inventory, Three Dimensional Model, and the NEO Personality InventoryIntroduction: Over the years, approaches to personality continued to be a very complex and intriguing task that newer assessments of the theories continue to evolve and develop. It has been long argued that personality can never be measured as it is unquantifiable. But in turn of the past years, various researches and approaches have emerged that developed methods that assessed and identified different personalities and how these patterns of personality traits function in an individual (Gines, 2002). The researches that were developed by the theorists, psychologists, and medical practitioners over time have given immeasurable undertaking to the approaches of behavior and personality traits that have become the basis for intervention in different aspects of mental health. In everyday life, an individual's personality traits are roughly determined by watching the person directly, by asking what other people think about him, or by merely asking him how he would respond in a certain situation. Much of what we know about personality relies on the patterns of behavior that make the person adjust to his environment and how his differences distinguish himself from the others (Eysenck, 1992). Along with various researches and study of personality, this paper will focus on personality inventories that have been developed by researchers Claude Robert Cloninger, Hans Eysenck, Paul T. Costa, Jr. and Robert R. McCrae. The aim of this study is to assess the self-report measures of the respondents in reference to the Temperament and Character Inventory, Three Dimensional Model, and the NEO Personality designed by the above-mentioned researchers. Moreover, this study will also investigate the relationship between the different personality dimensions in relation to the personality inventories that will be used in this research. Objectives of the Study: This study aims to explore the respondents' self-evaluation and the self-report measures of personality developed by Cloninger, Eysenck, and Costa. Specifically, this study seeks to answer the following questions; 1. What is the socio-demographic profile of the respondents in terms of the following: a. Age b. Sex c. Educational Attainment; 2. What are the self-assessed personality factors of the respondents in terms of: a. Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) b. Three Dimensional Model of Personality c. NEO Personality Theory (NEO-PI-R) 3. Is there a significant relationship between Temperament and Character Inventory, Three Dimensional Model of Personality and NEO Personality Theory Methodology This part deals with the research methods of the study, data gathering instruments, and the data gathering procedures. Data Gathering Instrument The instruments to be used in gathering the data will be the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI), EPQ inventory and Neo Personality Inventory. The Temperament and Character Inventory was developed by Cloninger and it attempts to establish differences between people with respect to seven dimensions of temperament and character. The TCI can be administered to individuals from 15 years of age. There are 240 questions of the TCI answerable with "correct" or "incorrect". This test comprises four temperament scales and three character scales consisting of seven scales and 24 subscales. The temperament scales are called Novelty Seeking (NS), Harm Avoidance (HA), Reward Dependence (RD) and Persistence (PE). The character scales are: Self-Directedness (SD), Cooperativeness (CO) and Self-Transcendence (ST). The EPQ is another standardized test developed by Hans Eysenck. This questionnaire aims to assess personality and temperament consisting of 100 questions answerable by "yes" or "no". This EPQ test is widely used among psychologists and intervention specialists in understanding of how introversion and extroversion, combined emotional stability and self-determinism, can shape the personality traits that depicts in much of an individual's behavior. The NEO Personality Inventory or NEO PI-R is a 240-item that measures the five factors of personality: Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Neuroticism, and Openness to Experience. This test was developed by Paul T. Costa, Jr. and Robert R. McCrae for use with adult men and women from17 years old and above without overt psychological disorder. This test is consisting of 240-descriptions of behavior-items answered on a five point scale, ranging from "strongly disagree" to "strongly agree" and should take about 30-40 minutes in administration. And finally, a researcher-designed questionnaire will also be utilized to gather the respondents' socio-demographic profile that will describe the participants in terms of their age, sex, and educational attainment. The questionnaires will then be collated and will be integrated along with the results of the standardized tests for this study. Data Gathering Procedure The test-taking will be voluntarily taken by 200 healthy individuals and these respondents will be screened to ensure that they have no major physical and mental disorders. The respondents will be randomly chosen and will be invited to take the inventories. The results of the self assessment will then be collated and will be integrated along with the researcher-designed questionnaire on demographic profile to be used as the basis for the study. Data Analysis The statistical tools to be used in the study are the following: 1. Percent Distribution The absolute method will be utilized in computing the percentage wherein the total number of responses divided by the population or the total number of respondents is multiplied by 100. This will be used to find out the overall responses of the respondents in certain aspects/category, namely, their socio-economic profile and the results of the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI), EPQ inventory and Neo Personality Inventory as well as to show the equivalent of responses in fraction. 2. Pearson Correlation This will indicate the strength of a linear relationship and the correlation value between the weighted mean of the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI), EPQ inventory and Neo Personality Inventory. Moreover, this will statistically determine the extent to which values of these variables are proportional to each other to be able to make statistical comparison on the factors of the test results. 3. Weighted Mean This statistical tool will be used to find out the central tendency of the respondents' responses to the socio-demographic profile, the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI), EPQ inventory and Neo Personality Inventory on the Likert scale given. This will be very useful in determining the common response of the participants in preparation for a higher statistical tool that will determine the correlation of these factors in order for the data to be compared and contrasted. 4. Factor Analysis The Factor Analysis will be used to determine the significant relationship between Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI), EPQ inventory and Neo Personality Inventory and also compare and contrast the results of these inventories with the respondents' socio-demographic profile. This will statistically test the means of the three personality inventories as well as the socio-demographic profile to see whether or not they are equal in components. For this reason, factor analysis will generalize the distinct values of the results of these inventories and the demographic profile so that the results of the T-test can be compared and contrasted with the other factors resulting from the assessment. 5. Bivariate Correlation The Bivariate Correlation will measure the association or relationship between the given results of Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI), EPQ inventory and Neo Personality Inventory. This will describe the nature of the relationship between the results of three self-assessed inventories. It will look towards a significant correlation between the results of the tests and will further determine the coefficient to be either having a positive or negative correlation; meaning the relationship between the inventory variables is consistent with each other or otherwise. WORKS CITED: Allport,GW. And Odbert, H.S. Trait-names: A Psycholexical Study. Psychological Monographs.1936. Eysenck, H.J. Handbook of Abnormal Psychology. London. Pitman: 1992. Gines, Adelaida C. Developmental Psychology. Manila. Rex: 2002. Gormly, Ann V. Understanding Psychology. New York. Random House: 1993. Print. Sojor, Henry A., Valentino Sitoy, and Bernadette Olis. Thesis/Dissertation Writing: A Guide. Dumaguete City: 2004. Print. Tria, et. Al. Handbook in General Psychology. 2002. Cohen, J. Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavior Sciences (2nd ed.). 1998. 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