Psychology Essays

Psychopath, murderer, insane, and numerous other labels, have been employed to describe the behavior and actions of Adolph Hitler, as people from all walks of life try to make sense of one of the world’s most infamous killer. What caused him to behave in the ways that he did? 

As typical examples of serial killers, we may look at the cases of Ted Bundy and David Berkowitz. Both of these killers had many of the traits mentioned above. Ted Bundy murdered women who bore a resemblance to someone who had broken off with him. He bludgeoned his victims, then strangled them, and also indulged in rape and necrophilia. 

Great efforts are made to ensure that these techniques are effective,in order to maintain accuracy and save time in all later stages of investigation and prosecution.Correct and proper questioning is also vital in establishing the innocence of people and there is extensive literature on the ways and means which police use to obtain evidence from witnesses and suspects.

A research conducted shows that sexual desires are not cured only medical treatment and prescriptions rather; the mind plays the biggest role in determining the level of sexuality. In many instances, two romantically involved people part ways due to a small misunderstanding of thought or indeed.

 Furthermore, Robert Cialdini (1991 cited in Myers 2008) mentioned that egoistic explanations for altruism cannot be ruled out in experiments that involve altruism. However, other findings say that genuine altruism does exist wherein people, with their empathy aroused, will help even if their aid will not be made known to other people or even if their own mood will be unaffected (Myers 2008).          

Almost all of the studies conducted in this regard point to negative effects on the individual, usually manifested in depression, aggression, suicidal tendencies and substance abuse, as these people reach adulthood. Not all of the studies, however, totally dismiss punishment as detrimental to the healthy psychological development of an individual.

The extent of the control and its influence is based upon 'control behavior or inform of competence' (David, 2003). The theory is based upon three proposition that encourages the identification of the purpose affiliated with the control behavior, and the purpose affiliated with the ‘inform of competence’ (David, 2003).

In the paper being ‘professionally competent’ refers to good listening, tolerance to pain and emotional expression of others, and perception of needs of others. These were followed by insight, commitment, and reception to feedback. Being educated and knowledgeable follows suit after these essential items were present.

Bipolar disorder can be tumultuous and disastrous if left unattended and untreated. It should be known that the disorder lasts for life and would only aggravate if care is not taken. The extreme side of emotion witnessed substantiates the argument at hand. The extremities cross deeper lines, as and when mood swings occur.

They attain the ability to aggression, unhappiness and happiness quite readily. Research has shown that males show more aggression than that of females. As children are in their growing stages they pick up many things from what they see and at times imitate the actions that they see.

The author states that psychology is an amalgamation of knowledge acquired either through theories read, through education and logical and scientific connection of mental operations and behavior or performance. It is an understanding developed through knowledge and skills in numerous areas of human activities.

Undoubtedly, the three core conditions have made a considerable contribution to assisting individuals to achieve therapeutic, successful change. They are embedded in the practice of counselling, in some form or another and are applicable to many domains of health service delivery, not just in the field of psychotherapy.

Beauty is the attributes of a person, animal, or object that create interest and attraction in another person's mind. Every person has his or her own perceptions of beauty, beauty lies in the eyes of the beholder. The biology of beauty is static and describes the biological nature of the characteristics that influence people's perception of beauty.

The teacher will have a clear idea of how to address and correct the child’s behavior. Children, particularly toddlers, don’t digest words whenever reprimanded unlike adults and adolescents; and shouting is definitely not a way of dealing with them. A calm but firm and serious tone is more effective than a loud voice that threatens the child.

According to the expert analysis, the study of coaching and leadership has advanced considerably since the trait personality approach at the turn of the century. Early theories on coaching/ leadership styles lacked situational specificity, but topical studies have emphasized together personality qualities and situational variables.

Gender roles are a long debated topic among theorists. Carl Jung, a student of Freud, proposed several theories on the roles of men and women in dreams. He believed that the themes of myths are repeated universally in different versions and that these themes are also evident in human dreams, supporting his theory of archetypes.

Aggression is a formed of behavior characterized by a verbal or physical attack though appropriate and taken for self protection, but it may also be destructive and violent.Aggression leads to violence in different ways.

Spanking a child for misbehaving has been a topic widely debated in the realm of parenting and some people affirm that it is a form of child abuse which teaches the child the early lessons of violence. Parental Spanking is an appropriate form of discipline because it effectively teaches the child that the act of misbehaving may have consequences.

According to Piaget, the stages of cognitive development play an important role in the learning ability of a child. The learning process involves the introduction of a stimulus for orientation and it teaches the child the manner of response in accordance with what is learned. Cognition involves a schema that follows a chronological order that allows no interruption, otherwise will create an adverse effect.

Learning is involved in literally all aspects of human life. From the cradle, we learn to crawl, then walk, and use our hands; by lapse of time we acquire more complex skills, such as reading or writing, or playing football; we learn how to persuade people, make them give us what we want; and during most part of our life, we also learn how to learn.

 In direct comparison, if two people are opposite in character, the one quiet and the other lively for example, they would function to both balance one another out and complete one another.  It is, therefore assumed, or at least as suggested by the quoted expression, that opposite personalities are likely to have a lasting and deep relationship.

“Post-traumatic stress disorder, once a poorly understood and little-known mental health problem, is turning up on the public's radar a lot more as growing numbers of Iraq and Afghanistan war veterans seek treatment for the illness” (Elias). Patients with the PTSD are extremely sensitive to life experiences that are usual for others.

The information gathered during the interview provides invaluable insight into planning treatment for the client. The determination of the root cause of the problem or “sickness” of the patient will enable the therapist/medical provider to apply the most appropriate treatment to the determined issue thus making the treatment effective.

Everybody has the capability to sing. This is an innate sense of fondness that every human individual has upon the music.  Undeniably, through the years, human individuals could be noted for their capability to use their voices and produce music that they know would suit the kind of thinking that they have.

The child was initially made to see a dog’s picture in a book and assess his feelings and rationalize them with the help of a therapist. The next step was to observe a dog in a pet shop from a distance. All the time the therapist tried reasoning with the child, restructuring his thoughts and actions into a more assertive and adaptive framework.

The author states that the patient has insomnia, weight loss, heart palpitations, back pain, depression, and hallucinations. The patient herself does not have an extensive prior hospitalization history. She does have a history of depression, hypertension, diabetes. Treatment recommendations are management per psychiatry.

One of the most fascinating properties of the human attentional system is its ability to pay attention to two things at the same time. This is demonstrated by everyday activities such as driving a car and, to some extent, studying for a test. The attentional system has two aspects that make these sorts of tasks possible.

A person is able to accomplish the things he wants in life due to a force that attracts and focuses a person toward doing a particular action. The driven that comes from inside that helps people or organizations accomplish a given task is called motivation. Motivation is a concept used to describe the factors within an individual which arose, maintain and channel behavior toward a goal (Bolton).

The event lasted about 10 minutes and memory was tested approximately a week later. Each interview began with a practice session in which children were asked to describe what they did when they brushed their teeth in the morning. In most cases, the children gave a brief account without any prompting.

Happiness is a state of mind. People talk about the keys to happiness or the secrets to happiness. Generally, people in the better salaries bracket are happier than those with inadequate salary. However, it is not only monetary satisfaction that is responsible for happiness. There are other factors such as doing good, selflessness, and resilience.

In spite of the Freud bashers, the complete disregard of contemporary psychoanalytic theory in undergraduate textbooks, the pressure of managed care and graduate schools' focus on empirically validated treatment models, psychoanalysis appears to be entering an exciting new phase: new research in cognitive psychology, infant studies, and trauma support long-held psychoanalytic concepts (e.g., the unconscious, defenses, dissociation, the importance of early childhood experiences, etc.).

Jean Piaget, a Swiss psychologist, made a great contribution to understanding of human development, psychology of a child and cognitive processes. His ideas are widely used by modern researchers and scientists, practical psychologists and sociologies. As he emphasised many times, Piaget was an epistemologist.

Take a simple reaction time task, probably the most basal behavior and at the same time the simplest reaction we can study. The instruction is: 'When the stimulus appears, then push this button as quickly as possible'. To respond to this instruction, the subject must orient and keep his or her attention directed towards an area where the stimulus will appear.

However, looking back on the experiences that I have so bravely encountered and endured, I can see how I have grown into a much stronger person.  There have been many personal milestones that I have surpassed, each of which brought along with it significant developmental issues as can be seen in psychological literature and its related theories.

The reductionist view is also termed behaviorialism. Pavlov saw behaviorialism of human learning that was developed by Watson, Hull and Thorndike in the 1950s. The reductionist sees cognitive development as a black box approach approach based in empiricism, just like the approach a single chemist may use.

It refers to an exclusive focus on one part of possible experience. This phenomenon can occur in different kinds of environments, in homes, during conversations and work. I personally experienced this phenomenon at a recent party. I was at a friend's house and a huge group of people had congregated near the bar where they were talking about fashion, relationships and work related problems.

One is able to maintain a flexible and well-circulated body system, therefore enforcing the body in a cleaner state and minimizing cell deterioration. Life Positive (2000) further stresses that yoga creates a balance in the nervous and endocrine systems that directly affect all the other systems and organs in the body.

Inorganic substances blindly pursues whatsoever forces impinges on them, and non-human life forms do something only for their continued existence, but humans appear to be an exemption to natural law by their exceptional skill to consider about how to get on with their existence and which principles to live by.

The penultimate activity consisted of a 2-day workshop using psychometrics to increase mutual understanding, manage internal and external conflict and develop teamwork and leadership styles. The OPS work was capped by a one-day session with the managers to evaluate the outcome of the team-building effort.

The author states that the theory of Cognitive Development is believed to be the most historical and influential theory. This theory was developed by Jean Piaget. The developer of this particular theory is a Philosopher who belonged to Switzerland. This theory has provided many central concepts in the field of developmental psychology.

It is important to realize that the health of the employees in the strenuous and laborious job-setting is affected by organizational factors and interpersonal relationships in the workplace. As Helen Roditis suggests, “the World Health Organization has revealed that depression due to stress is among the leading causes of disability worldwide.”

It is difficult to imagine life without the television and music. The eyes and ears of almost everyone, particularly the youth, have become so accustomed to the beat and genre of television channels and music that entertainment and attractions seem to be the staple diet to the common folk today. Gone are the days when people used to get healthy thrills by watching old classics.

The author states that functional behavioral assessment looks beyond the overt topography of the behavior, and focuses, instead, upon identifying biological, social, affective, and environmental factors that initiate, sustain, or end the behavior in question. This approach is important because it leads the observer beyond the "symptom".

The pаrents of аn 8-yeаr-old boy were аsked why he wаs not аllowed out to plаy unless one of them wаs with him. They аnswered thаt since he hаd been in а fight with аn older boy two yeаrs аgo, they hаd not thought it sаfe to let him out on his own. Not surprisingly this fаmily’s script wаs ‘better sаfe thаn sorry’.

It is at 3-7 years of life that their activities are organised as play as a sensory experience. Want and Harris (2002) state that young children learn only what actions to perform via observation and they simply imitate or mimic. Children do not perform observed actions because these are effective (emulation).

The array of symptoms, while wide-ranging, frequently includes psychotic manifestations, such as hearing internal voices or experiencing other sensations not connected to an obvious source (hallucinations) and assigning unusual significance or meaning to normal events, or holding fixed false personal beliefs (delusions).

The author states that one of the first problems he discusses in regards to history is the use of the word “origins”. He suggests that most history that discusses “origins” is, in fact, trying “to capture the exact and pure essence of things”, but Foucault argues that “he who listens to history finds that things have no pre-existing essence".

This article touches upon the subject of personality disorder symptoms in children, namely their relationship over time with the emergence of intimacy in early adulthood and well-being during adolescence. Using Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development of personality, the authors establish a relationship between well-being of adolescents and identity consolidation of the latter.

The author states that he did have some concepts of retirement and saving for a rainy day, but nothing immediate. But then about three years into his job, he really started thinking about going for higher studies in the United States. It was not that he thought their universities were better than theirs or their quality of education.

Using the tools of cognitive assessment, specific distortions are addressed by the therapist who then guides the patient in correcting thinking patterns. Essentially therapy is aimed at getting patients to interpret what they are facing today rather than childhood experiences. CBT makes the patient learn self-help skills.