Free Biology Essay Examples and Topics | Page 60

Molecular Clock Hypothesis in Explaining the Divergence of Species Biology Essay

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The molecular clock hypothesis also serves as a null model, which is usable in testing both the rates of mutation and evolution in various species. Molecular clocks continue to influence significantly the development of molecular evolution theories. The use of molecular clocks has also experienced a marked increase allowing for its profound effects.

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Bioinformatics and molecular modelling Biology Essay

8 pages (2000 words) , Download 2 , Essay

Notably, plant enzymes have some advantages over animals and microbial enzymes since they are available from natural sources with low costs and ease of purification. They widely exist in plant and microbial species, but with poor characterization of structure.

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Chromosome Markers in the DNA Tests Biology Research Paper

3 pages (750 words) , Download 2 , Research Paper

An effective tool for the identification of the humans was the use of STRs in the early 1990s. STRs are short tandem repeats which are of 2- 6 base pairs in length and are present repeated at specific intervals in the chromosomes. The use of STR markers came in after the completion of the human genome project.

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Evolution in Health and Disease Biology Essay

7 pages (1750 words) , Download 2 , Essay

The level of breakthroughs has seemingly been compounded within the recent past as a result of the introduction, spread, and wide adoption of technology within the medical community. This has had s synergistic effect on discovery, treatment, and patient care due to the fact that seemingly each discovery and technological advance helps to build onto the next.

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Treatment of Narcosis Ciliates Biology Essay

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Cilia are 6- to 10-µm cellular structures studying the membrane to allow movement. It is more than ten times smaller than the flagellum, which is 150 µm in length. In cross-section, the characteristic 9 + 2 motif of microtubule arrangement can be appreciated. It has a characteristic oscillation motion in which they are relatively straight in the forward stroke

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Structure of the Nucleus, Endoplasmic Reticulum, Ribosomes, Mitochondria, Golgi Dody, and Lysosomes Biology Assignment

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The cell nucleus is often referred to as the ‘brains’ of the cell, as it contains most of the genetic material needed for cell function. This genetic material (mostly DNA) is incredibly compact within the nucleus, as all the relevant information for any cell needs to fit within this small area (Campbell & Reece, 2005).

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New loci for genetic resistance to malaria in humans Biology Essay

6 pages (1500 words) , Download 2 , Essay

Factors dictating the susceptibility of malaria include environmental, parasite virulence and host genetics (Mackinnon et al., 2005). These facts may interplay to determine the cause of the disease. The condition is a product of protozoan parasites of genus Plasmodium.

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Hyperopia (eye defect) Biology Essay

4 pages (1000 words) , Download 2 , Essay

The symptoms of this disorder are as following: a difficult concentration, eye strain, exhaustion and/or headaches after many hours of work, ache in the eyes, bad temper or anxiety after a long period of concentration. There are different forms of hyperopia.

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Iron Deficiency Anaemia, Obesity and Kwashiorkor Biology Essay

3 pages (890 words) , Download 2 , Essay

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Nutrients are a necessity for the human body, as they are those elements present in food that provide humans with essential life sustenance. On the other hand, there is malnutrition, a health disorder that defines the shortage, excess, or imbalance of one or more of these nutrients, such as iron, protein and fat, which can cause a number of diseases such as Iron Deficiency Anaemia, Obesity and Kwashiorkor.

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Movement of substances across the cell membrane Biology Assignment

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An analysis of the process of osmosis reveals that it is similar to simple diffusion, with the main difference being the presence of the semi permeable membrane that only allows the passage of water through to the different concentrations. Osmosis occurs to move the water molecules from the highly concentrated side.

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Potent Birth Defects Biology Essay

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Formation of a baby after conception is the most amazing act of nature. Advances in medical sciences in the last hundred years or so have unfolded the intricacies of human birth to a great extent; however, one cannot ignore the fact that one in every 80 babies is born with some kind of birth defect.

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Estuary Project Analysis Biology Essay

4 pages (1140 words) , Download 2 , Essay

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However, the pollution of these estuaries impedes their resources and vitality. There are five avenues via which pollution affects the productivity of the estuary. These five avenues are; agricultural pollution, legacy pollution, sewage, industrial pollution, and urban stormwater runoff. There are major goals the management has set forth to achieve.

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Studies On Genetic Polymorphism Of Drug Metabolizing Enzymes And Other Relevant Genes In Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Biology Essay

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Understanding of genetic polymorphism is facilitated by considering the differences of genetic pools among various ethnic groups in the world. Although Arabs are usually identified as Caucasians, modern Arab populations, especially in Egypt, Palestine, Jordan and Lebanon, are the result of a long history of blending with different human races (Der Kalustian et al.,1980). Arabs, Africans, Europeans, and other Asian people intermarried during wars, mass migrations, trade and religious practices (pilgrimage).

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O-Linked Oligosaccharide Decoration of Proteins in the Production of Mucus Biology Essay

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The author of the paper will begin with the statement that mucin-type O glycans is a component of the outermost coating of all cell surfaces. Aside from providing a protective barrier and support, these molecules mediate adhesions to other cells or extracellular matrix. These are made by glycosyltransferases (Tabak, 2010).

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Molecular Mechanism of antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli Biology Essay

6 pages (1500 words) , Download 2 , Essay

Results: Research into the molecular mechanisms highlights several mechanisms such as target modification, enzymatic breakdown and rapid efflux. The genes are obtained by horizontal transfer. They may be expressed together or as a single, with the effect of reducing the effect of the antibiotic on the cell.

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Organ Transplants Biology Research Paper

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According to the paper organ transplant is a health science concept which involve donation of a given organ by another organism to another who has a problem to the extent of dysfunction or malfunction of a similar organ. With the inception of this science there has been a steady rise in emerging issues that if not looked into is likely to erase its effectiveness and reliability.

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Cancer and Biology Biology Research Paper

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Cancer describes diseases whose growth of cells is beyond control. There are numerous categories of cancer with each category exuding distinct tendencies based on areas initially affected. Scientists report that more than one hundred cancer types exist in the world today.

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Osteoporosis as a Skeletal Disease Biology Essay

4 pages (1106 words) , Download 4 , Essay

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Osteoporosis is a skeletal disease that is characterized by reduced bone mass and loss of bone tissue leading to fragility, brittleness, and frequent fracture of the bones. This condition increases the risk of bone fractures, especially in regions of the body such as the spine, wrist, as well as hip. In most cases, osteoporosis begins to develop early in life but is often diagnosed in old people, especially women.

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Acid-Base Balance Biology Essay

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The Institute of Medicine describes medical errors as the use of an inappropriate plan to achieve an objective or the failure of an intended action to be completed as intended. Medical errors are not referred to as intentional acts of doing wrong and not all medical mistakes rise to the level of medical negligence and malpractice.

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Computer-aided image processing for bacterial cell enumeration Biology Essay

4 pages (1000 words) , Download 3 , Essay

Bacterial dependency details remains low the whole time. This wastes a lot of labor and time. There appears a time when there exists so many colonies on a Petri dish yet the census process is commonly handled by educated and trained. An argument area of focus in microbiology is mainly the machine use in counting.

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Importance of Malaria Vaccine. Challenges of Malaria Vaccine Biology Essay

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Malaria, is a mosquito-borne, protozoal illness, identified as a parasite disease with the vector been a mosquito in early 19th century. It is infection manifest in human beings as a result of infection by Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium ovale, and Plasmodium vivax.

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Viruses Biology Research Paper

5 pages (1250 words) , Download 4 , Research Paper

Viruses are the tiniest of organisms and yet they have the power and strength to attack all other organisms including human, animals, plants, bacteria, etc. The viruses are almost hundred times smaller than a bacteria cell which themselves are quite tiny.

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Describe the importance of angiogenesis for the development and treatment of cancer Biology Essay

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The delivery of the metabolic input with a consequential release and removal of the wastes provide favourable homeostatic conditions to the system pathways. The fresh blood develop via a process called angiogenesis. Angiogenesis is synchronized by both activator and the inhibitor molecules present in the system.

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Summery of Collapse Biology Essay

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The book mainly deals with environmental factors that make societies collapse, but also incorporates the contribution of trade partners, hostile neighbors, and climate change. A major focus of the book is the response of past societies to these threats, and the suitability of these responses.

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Animal Senses Biology magnetoreception mechanism on Migratory Birds Biology Essay

5 pages (1250 words) , Download 4 , Essay

Not all the birds are migratory but many of those that do so fly to warmer places in order to catch their food and protect themselves from the harsh weather (Solov'yov 40). Unlike other animals, birds do not have to suffer food shortages or seasonal changes and they can protect themselves by migrating to a new place.

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HPV in women Biology Research Paper

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These types also affect the anus and the rectum (Monsonego 189). Thirteen of these types of virus have been classified as high risks because they cause cervical cancer. Apparently, HPV affects 80 per cent of sexually energetic men and women but only a few people become aware of the presence of the virus in their system (Monsonego 189).

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Federal Funding of Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research Biology Research Paper

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The author states that stem cell research remains an extensive phenomenon that also involves the extraction of embryonic stem cells as well as adult stem cells. The use of adult stem cells does not provoke controversies. The main controversy exists on the embryonic stem cell research that involves sacrificing of human life.

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BX Enviro Legislation Biology Research Paper

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The author of the paper suggests that the other purpose of the law, at least explicitly and directly, was to make sure that the country’s watersheds were protected from being eroded, as well as from becoming flooded, with the protected trees providing the needed brake to such environmental effects.

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Advantages and Disadvantages of DNA Fingerprinting Biology Essay

2 pages (749 words) , Download 2 , Essay

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DNA is y a double helix and it is made up of two strands of genetic material which is spiraled around one another. Chemically DNA structure of everyone is the same however the order of base pairs differs in human beings and animals. There are many different base pairs in a human being and these base pairs are used for identification of people.

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Breast cancer- human diease- epidemiology Biology Dissertation

5 pages (1250 words) , Download 2 , Dissertation

There are about 48,000 women who fall prey to this disease in the country each year (Breast Cancer (Female), 2012). Further, about half of the affected population are women over the age of 50. On the other hand, the disease also affects younger women. Breast cancer in men is less common at a rate of one in every 100,000 males (Breast Cancer in Men, 2011).

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Take home assignment Biology Assignment

5 pages (1250 words) , Download 2 , Assignment

However, the key reason behind the embrace of agriculture was the level of competition that was developing over the acquisition of food via hunting and gathering techniques. These competitions were calculated from the swelling populations, as well as development of unique tastes among the populations.

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Human Immunodeficiency Virus Biology Research Paper

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Human Immunodeficiency Virus is simply known as HIV. This virus is responsible for Acquired immunodeficiency Syndrome, also referred to as AIDs. HIV retrovirus works by infecting the immune system cells. This infection results in the destruction or impairment of the function of the immune system cells.

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Cell Death - Microtubules in Apoptosis Biology Assignment

4 pages (1284 words) , Download 2 , Assignment

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Apoptosis is driven by the impetus of enzymes from the regulated family proteolytic enzymes called caspases. Caspases are made up of upstream (initiator) caspases which are normally activated by death receptor signalosomes, caspase 9, activated by the mitochondrial cytochrome derived apoptosome; downstream caspases (effectors) which cleave the involved proteins.

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How the CukE or Milk Affects the Reindeer Cells Biology Assignment

3 pages (936 words) , Download 2 , Assignment

The purpose of this paper is to find out how the CukE or Milk affects the reindeer cells and the mechanism in which the UV light might influence the effect of CukE and Milk. Various books are used as sources of reference in explanation various factors in details. Several issues discussed in the paper are; the DNA damage checkpoint, cell cycle progression.

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Factors Cause the Deficiency of Vitamin C Biology Assignment

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This paper is aimed at exposing some of the scientific concepts of cells, how they move from one state to the other, and the factors that facilitate the entire process. Some of the concepts of factors to be considered in the whole process are; signaling pathways, receptor tyrosine, cell cycle progression, and DNA damage checkpoints.

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Against human cloning Biology Essay

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This was a significant step in the field of science. Animal cloning is today possible due to improved research in science. This led to beginning of research on human cloning. Human cloning has become the subject of discussion in various fields. This debate is expected tao continue until a justifiable compromise is realized.

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Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis Biology Essay

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Through photosynthesis, plants, animals and other photosynthetic organisms can capture the energy from the sun and store it inside their energy carriers. These carriers care the ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and sugars in the forms of chemical bonds. The release of oxygen into our environment and the chemical splitting of water results from the chemical reaction during photosynthesis.

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The Cellular Biochemistry of Cultured Reindeer Cells Biology Assignment

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Cellular signalling pathways are activated by both intracellular and extracellular factors (signals). These act on receptors either on the cell surface, the cytoplasm or the nucleus. They then induce a cascade of events that lead to the cell performing certain activities, such as division, motility, apoptosis, and in this case, protein degradation. In this specific scenario, the signal is extracellular in origin.

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Prader-Willi Syndrome and its Linkage to Genetics Biology Essay

8 pages (2000 words) , Download 3 , Essay

Genetic Features of the Disease……………………………...……...5 4. The Nature of the Defect………………………………….….……..7 5. Cause and Effect Link between the Affected Genes and the Outcome Phenotype…………………………………………………….……..8 6.

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Respiration and Diffusion Biology Essay

4 pages (1000 words) , Download 3 , Essay

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The author explains that the aspects that control the speed of diffusion consist of surface area, concentration gradient, and diffusion distance. Animals have developed to increase the diffusion speed across respiratory membranes by increase of the respiratory surface area, concentration gradient, or reducing the distance of diffusion.

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Natural history and phenology Biology Assignment

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Unlike other scientists who are often concerned with finding answers to questions that address the essential theoretic concepts, with little or no interest in the organism under study, we were more concerned with making observations of the study organism with an intention of developing vital questions, hypothesis and inferences from the observations.

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Galapagos islands Biology Research Paper

6 pages (1500 words) , Download 2 , Research Paper

It is here Darwin established his groundbreaking theory of biological evolution creating a new science and new way of understanding how all life came to be. Due its scientific significance and unspoiled beauty, the Galapagos Islands are a travel destination for tens of thousands every year.

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Microbes Responsible for Malaria Biology Research Paper

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The gut of mosquitoes is the place where malaria protozoa develop. When a mosquito sucks blood from the human body, the protozoa enter the human body. Due to the process of blood circulation, the parasite reaches the liver of the person where it multiplies. It takes usually 9-16 days before it penetrates red blood cells causing them to break down.

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Hedgehog signaling regulates bladder cancer growth and tumorigenicity Biology Research Paper

7 pages (1750 words) , Download 2 , Research Paper

Numerous researches have been conducted and it is still being done to the understanding of this complex concept. Tremendous progress over the previous years has been achieved to the understanding of this concept. Embryo signaling pathway regulates the fate of progenitor cells in the development of cancer and mammalian epithelial.

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The nicotine's effect on daphnia Biology Lab Report

6 pages (1500 words) , Download 4 , Lab Report

They are common aquatic organism because they have the capacity to adapt different aquatic environments ranging from freshwaters to acidic swamps, lakes, seas, rivers, wells and ponds. If one studies the effect of nicotine on Daphnia, the ultimate results are fatal (Fitzgerald 12).

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The Common COld Biology Essay

6 pages (1500 words) , Download 3 , Essay

These mild infections are usually caused by a myriad of viruses. This viruses cause viral illness in turn cause a combination of symptoms such as runny nose, runny eyes, ear fluid, stuffy nose and fever. Common cold is an infection that starts to show it fully symptoms after 3 days of feeling ill however the symptoms can last up to one or two weeks.

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ELEPHANT TALK - KOSHIK Biology Research Paper

3 pages (750 words) , Download 2 , Research Paper

This allured some researchers to find out the scientific reasons behind this amazing talent. In the year 2010, Austrian biologist Angela Stoeger-Horwath and German biophysicist Daniel Mietchen started studying the elephant. The Elephant is called Koshik, a 22-year old Asian elephant who was born in captivity in 1999 and after 3 years he was transferred to Everland Zoo, in South Korea.

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Pulmonary fibrosis Biology Research Paper

4 pages (1000 words) , Download 2 , Research Paper

Due to reduced elasticity and a larger fibrous barrier, diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli and blood stream is hindered. This hindrance causes low lung compliance and lowers the effective rate of gaseous diffusion between alveoli and blood stream.

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Lycosidae ( wolf spider) Biology Research Paper

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The apomorphic aranaemorphs have a specialized web, in which piriform silk is added to stabilize the line. In addition, these spiders have female fertilization ducts. All of these characteristivs are synapomorphies,that make Aranaeomorphae monophyletic (Coddington, 2005).

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The Human Nuclear Genome Consists of 24 Widely Different Chromosomal DNA Molecules Biology Essay

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In a few situations, the effect is only on one organ by mitochondrial disorders – like blindness or heart failure – or many parts of the body are astakeke at the same time. There is a possibility that mothers never experience symptoms but they can pass on mitochondrial disorders to their children. (HUI LI and ZE-HUI HONG. 2012).

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Biology Essays