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Cloning entails the intensification of specific DNA segments, leading to the buildup of large amounts of similar DNA fragments, which may be utilized for numerous functions. Conventional molecular cloning uses tailored DNA cloning vectors, which are usually derived from spherical DNA molecules identified as bacterial plasmids.
Aspiration of gastric contents leads to a pathological process referred to as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Patients experience gastrointestinal and respiratory complications, which develop to diseases like esophageal cancer when left untreated.
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The disease is spread through the bite of deer ticks, Inxodes scapularies, which feed on the blood of humans and animals (Mayo Staff clinic, 2005). Lyme disease was first identified in 1975 by Dr. Allen Steere after an out break of rheumatoid arthritis in Lyme, Connecticut (Todar, n.d).
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Genes play a significant role in influencing alcohol consumption in individuals, in Finland. Most interpersonal violence is caused by alcohol consumption and scientist have been concentrating on finding ways of identifying genes that are related to alcoholism to find a permanent cure for alcohol-related diseases within the country.
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Alcoholics possess a hereditary condition that makes them susceptible to alcoholism and, therefore, requires a qualified treatment (Lavitt). Alcohol-related crime is a famous term normally employed to denote two main classes of offenses. Firstly, the offenses that are alcohol-defined are driving while being excessively drunk or other drunkenness perpetrations.
DNA is able to carry the inserted genes with it, and these genes are able to express themselves in the bacteria. When a gene is inserted into the Plasmid DNA, it is called Recombinant DNA. Restriction mapping is the process of cutting the Plasmid DNA using restriction enzymes, and they also give us the idea of whether the gene of interest is present in the correct position or not.
It is among the widely used techniques in molecular biology and biochemistry. Gel electrophoresis refers to the method of analysis and separation of macromolecules (proteins, RNA, and DNA) and their respective fragments, depending on their charge and size.
The simplest structural form of proteins is an amino acid. Proteins are very important as they engage in cell repair and formation of new cells. Proteins are also very important during pregnancy, childhood as well as adolescence.
However the park has seen expansion as time goes by so as to create more space to accommodate the growth of the indigenous species as time to time. The area to which the park lies is used as a unique factor of attraction due to the species that are found in the area.
In both medical treatment and medical research, physicians should consider the needs of their patients and research subjects in order to have their informed consent. The physician must be knowledgeable in the various aspects of informed consent, and possess the skills to avail important information to patients and research subjects involved, as well as addressing the concerns that they raise.
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The methodology was created to incorporate three major principles in sustainable agriculture; these include social equity, environmental health and economic profitability. Such concepts are often utilize biological systems related to ecology to attain the above mentioned goals.
This experiment will detail how molecules in a solution travel from places where they are in high concentration to areas where their concentration is low. The mock-up membrane is made from dialysis tubing. The Viking tubing will increase in mass in all instances of the experiment, showing that osmosis occurred.
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Benefits of diffusing the oil by Corexit are overshadowed by the considerable increase in the poisonousness of the mix. Scientists should study other ways of dispersing the oil.
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The republic of Costa Rica is a country located in Central America and has a total area of approximately 50,900 km2. A report in 1993, the republic had a population of about 3.22 million of which the male comprised of 1.63 million while the females were about 1.59 million.
Therefore, the autonomic nervous system controls the involuntary activities of the smooth muscles and several undertakings o the glands. It forms a component of the peripheral nervous system and can be subdivided into two categories. These include the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system. In all these categories are comprised of effector neurons which connect the central nervous system top their effector organs.
The mitotic stages of the onion root tip and white fish blastula were identified. The prepared and preserved slides were observed under the microscope. The different stages of mitosis such as interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase of the cell along with the cytokinesis were identified and the stages were differentiated.
This research will begin with the statement that our body carries out mainly 2 types of actions and they are voluntary actions, involuntary actions or reflex actions. Both the actions involve stimuli, impulse, neurons and effector organs. Voluntary action is nothing but an anticipated, may or may not be conscious, goal-oriented movement.
There is the failure to consume high-calorie foods such as French fries that are high in energy and fat, which only occurs sometimes. This can be considered a positive aspect of my diet in that some of the undesirable aspects of my diet are done on a rare occasion, while the rest are frequent, the positive aspects that is.
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With regards to the symptoms that oftentimes accompany MS and should serve as a warning to the individual that they have the disease, the reader and/or patient should understand that the symptoms can exhibit themselves in a multitude of different ways
Meiosis is another type of cell division which occurs in reproductive cells or germ cells only. It involves two fissions of the nucleus and gives rise to four sex cells or gametes. Each of the cells has half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell. Meiosis occurs in 2 stages, meiosis -1 and meiosis-2.
The author analyzes the concept of blood transfusion from a risky and fatal system to a safe and secure process with accurate projections of possible outcomes. He states that early transfusions used whole blood, but modern medical practice commonly uses only components of the blood, such as red blood cells, white blood cells, plasma and platelets.
As such, human beings are delineated as homeotherms given that they are able to sustain a core temperature averaging around 37°C. Towards this end, the hypothalamus plays the role of a processing centre situated within the brain that directs body temperature.
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Stress has been found to have both beneficial as well as deleterious effects on the human body depending on the nature and duration of the stressor. In most cases, however, the harmful effects outweigh the benefits of stress on the immune system which is especially the case in chronic stressful conditions.
What are the strengths and weaknesses of an artificial kidney based on the use of proximal convoluted tubule cells?
Chronic kidney diseases have affected many people throughout the world, prompting the need for the development of various alternatives that can be applied to address the diseases.
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At first the retina was most likely a movement sensor but over time the ability to delineate details and the ability to see color was developed. (Gordon) The evolution of the eye is a standard development in all vertebrates as well as many non-vertebrate species as well.
The workers keep busy with construction and the provision of food. Being sterile, they do not have direct offspring but work cooperatively together to look after the offspring of the queen. These workers are not obligatory sterile, meaning that they are capable of reproducing but when they have to live in colonies, they are not supposed to breed.
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These carbohydrate sources became much more preferred by the farmers and the consumers due to the greater yield per hectare and calorie content, better taste in comparison with locally-available crops such as sorghum and yam. Also, the corn’s additional layers of husks protect it from many pests, making it less prone to damage compared with the fragile sorghum.
Genetic or biological factors refer to the genetic makeup of the disease causing viral pathogens and the host. Host and agent mutations have led to the emergence and re-emergence of viral diseases. Changes and modification in the genetic makeup of the viral agents has increased their ability to infect diseases.
The cell membrane is mainly composed of the lipid layer embedded with proteins and it’s involved in the following cellular processes: Signaling of the cell, Adhesion of the cell and conductivity of the ions in the cell and it forms the external attachment of cells interior to the extracellular structures.
While 1,2-propanediol is considered safe in small doses, both health-wise and environmentally, it is important to note that it may pose yet unknown health and environmental concerns. As it is constantly used in cosmetics, industrial solvents, and innumerable consumer goods, potential problems cannot be undermined.
The seeds of poppy plant can be used as a source of food product and oil for edible purposes. In terms of geographic origin, opium poppy was first originated in around 3,400 B.C. when the plant was first grown in South East Asia, in lower part of Mesopotamia (Drug Enforcement Administration Museum & Visitors Center, n.d.).
Overexploitation of resources like forests can lead to consequential negative impacts. Deforestation impacts negatively to all the community of species that interact in a biotic system. In relation to deforestation, this paper will analyze the effects of deforestation and its impacts on the biotic interactions within plant communities.
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Hazardous drinking of alcohol describes the instance when its consumption is likely to cause or increase the individual’s risks, thereby, developing the harms which are related to alcohol. The harms include the one, which are psychological or physical specifically impairing ones judgments, or dysfunctional behaviors, which may lead to consequence for interpersonal relationship or disability.
Desalination is a “technology that separates dissolved salts and other minerals from seawater or other salty water to provide clean drinking water” (Desalination: Fresh Water from the Sea, 2013). In fact, oceans contain 97% of the global supply of water and thus its immense source can be tapped in order to provide freshwater to a fast-growing world population (Desalination, 2013).
It is an evident fact that every macronutrient aids a human body with different biological purposes. These macronutrients would include proteins, carbohydrates etc. Reduction of any group or category of macronutrients would result in deficiency in human body.
Bt- Corn is viewed to be a kind of genetically modified organism which is acknowledged as GMO. GMO is an animal or plant which is modified genetically with the addition of a limited quantity of other genetic materials with the assistance of molecular techniques. GMOs are comprised of various genetic characteristics that are especially helpful in developing the quality of the plants and protecting them from pests at the same time.
The system has two further subdivisions in the form of peripheral nervous system alongside central nervous system (Valery, 2006). Peripheral Nervous System Peripheral nervous system has two types of cells these cells are the ones that are responsible for carrying different sorts of information across the nervous systems.
Hematology is basically the study of blood, its formation organs and blood diseases. Its main concern is the diagnosis, prognosis, treatment and prevention of blood-related diseases that largely interfere with the production of blood and its various components like the blood cells, hemoglobin, blood proteins and the coagulation mechanisms.
The sago palm has been a source of starch for peoples in Southeast Asia, southwestern pacific, and in the equatorial regions of South America. It has been a staple food product in these regions for generations, as well as, incorporated into building materials in certain areas.
Sago starch is derived from the pith of tropical palm trees. It is produced from trees whose fruit has not fully ripened. Ripening exhausts the starch from the tree. Trees that produce sago starch are cut down when they are 15 years old before flowering. Sago palm is not a reliable source of starch (Brown, 2007).
Notwithstanding that the effect of tanker exploitation is well-known and described in a great number of documents, it is still not easy to imagine how much harm oil spills bring to our seas. They affect marine life in different ways, and ecologists are afraid that the scale of spills is too large and the seas may not have enough time to recover.
It is essential to state that water potential is used to describe the tendency with which water moves from one region to another. This experiment was carried out in order to determine how the rate of osmosis changes under different solute concentrations. Solute concentrations heavily influence how osmosis occurs.
The plan is to carry out bioremediation in a two-step process. The first step will comprise microbial degradation by aerobic bacteria. In the second stage, microbial degradation will be undertaken by anaerobic bacteria culture. The weapons and explosives are highly toxic and the burial ground should be a restricted site until completion of the bioremediation process.
The existence of nosocomial infections is not new and has been there since the inception of hospitals itself. Urinary infections, surgical infections, respiratory diseases and meningitis are among the most common forms of nosocomial infections. Nosocomial infections are of great importance because of the simple fact that even today, when mankind has made so many advancements in pharmacology and antibiotics, these infections still exist.
Liver slides for glycogen and ileum slides for mucin staining (using Alcian Blue) were prepared as well with use of diastase digestion. Introduction The Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) stain is a stain routinely employed in several cellular pathology laboratories.
As the author of the essay puts it, the Central Nervous System form the major portion of the nervous system and includes both the brain as well as the spinal cord. Furthermore, some classifications of the Central Nervous System also include retina and the cranial nerves as part of the Central Nervous System.
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This is mainly because contrary, unlike grafting, bone tissue engineering, provides the advantage of being able to produce a specific shape, as well as size capable of matching any bone defect. Additionally, the technique is also regarded as less tedious compared to grafting, which may often require recurrent surgeries to fit the graft, and may sometimes fail to serve the intended function.
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Melanoma is produced from melanocytes so the tumor is usually brown or black (Society). The incidence of skin carcinomas is noted to be increasing in the past few years (Stulberg, Crandell and Fawcett). At the current rate, it is predicted that 1 in 5 Americans will develop skin cancer in his/her lifetime (Riker, Zea and Trinh).
Osteoarthritis, also called degenerative joint disease, usually occurs in elderly people because of normal wear and tear. Although it appears to be a natural result of aging, such factors as obesity and repeated trauma can contribute to the disease. Osteoarthritis occurs mostly in joints used in weight bearing, such as the hips, knees, and spinal column.
From this research, it is clear that respiration processes and fermentation processes are similar in that both have carbon dioxide involved in the processes. In the respiration process, the carbon dioxide is the respired gas. In the fermentation process involving glucose carbon dioxide is the byproduct of the reaction that mainly results in the conversion of glucose into ethanol.