Law Essays

This paper asserts the presence of delinquent youth gangs in the United States and explores their activities, what influences those activities, and their effects on societies. Gang members commit acts of crime in their areas and wreak havoc on innocent communities. They pose a threat to society and a challenge to government and law enforcement agencies.

This case discussed the case of National Grid Plc v. Argentina, a case that considers a series of claims made by foreign companies in relation to investments in Argentina that were affected by the economic crisis that plagued the country from 1999 to 2001.  National Grid made its investments in the Argentine electrical power industry.

American legal thought concentrate on law theories that have been essential to development of America since the end of American civil wars. To achieve its objective the course involves the study of philosophy and other legal theories that have been critical in the formation of American laws1.

In an employment contract, the employer is subjected to the implied term of mutual trust and confidence. This forms part of the obligations of the employer. The employer acts with reasonable means in order not to destroy or cause damage to the relationship of trust and confidence that already exist between the employer and the employees.

It came into being back on 5th September 1965 and at first, its major aim was to over throw the regime of Muhammad Shah Raza Pahlavi (Gurule, 2008). After the Iranian Revolution of 1979, this organization turned against the Khomeini Regime and became unpopular in Iran.

However, educational facilities in the detention centers are often not enough regardless of the fact that education in these centers has been known to reduce crime and improve the inmates once they are out of detention. Education is known to fit in with the goals of juvenile courts and all the stakeholders need to support it so that the lives of detainees can be improved once they leave detention.

It has been noted that in history that it was possible to consider the United Kingdom state as a unitary set of institutions that were headed by ministers who were accountable to the Parliament. However in a modern context, in a state fragmented by devolution, the creation of new regulatory authorities and private provision of public services, the law must play a greater role than politics in holding the state to account.

The UK constitution holds the House of Lords, the House of Commons, and the queen (the crown) to the constituents of the UK parliament. The House of Lords in the UK can be traced back to the 14th century, when it developed with various changes to what people now call the second chamber or upper house in the UK constitution (parliament.uk, 2011).

In most prison environments, the inmates interact with the staff that in most cases they outnumber yet they are required to manage. This causes a lot of safety issues that sometimes result in inmates escaping. Violence in the prisons, including assaults among inmates and assaults by inmates on staff and vice versa are also issues that many prisons have to grapple with (Specter, 2006).

Rowan defines a contract as a binding agreement between two or more parties in which both or all the parties to the contract promise to do something. Once the parties to the contract have entered into a valid contract, they are required by law to abide by the terms of the contract, according to Whincup.  

This research is being carried out to establish the existence of hate crimes in the USA; to establish the level of hate crimes in the United States and the level of illegal immigration in the USA; to demonstrate the relationship between hate crimes and illegal immigration in the United States.

Arbitration has allowed for contracts to be engaged across borders, letting corporations conduct business on a global level. While engaging in business within a country is based on the laws of the country in which the business is conducted, when borders are to be crossed the nation under which the law is enforced becomes a more difficult prospect.

It is evident from the study that there are numerous environmental problems, which results from human activities through every means and mostly causing pollution of every type. Nevertheless, this issue is not ignorable as it is creating countless problems for every living creature present in this era of machineries.

The contract law plays a central role in regulating contracts that are made between persons in the society. It is worth noting that if the contracts were to be left to operate without any legal enforcement, then many people especially the underdogs and the weak in the society would suffer in the hands of the populace who are economically influential.

An oil company that desired to take up its operations in Jupitus can hedge its political risks through insurance. Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency of the World Bank and Overseas Private Investment Corporation offers low-interest-rate funding and insurance cover for their O&G operations in many lesser developing and poor countries. 

It should be noted that the federal family and medical leave act (FMLA) require that all employees be eligible for not more than 12 weeks of unpaid leave; however, the job for those who are on leave must remain secured. Nonetheless, this act should be amended since it has weak points that may be making men uncomfortable taking up such leaves. 

The study of the limited liability of the carrier in Carriage of Goods by Sea Act in a Bill of Lading is important considering that it hinders commercial transactions. The shipper/consignee/transferee are prejudiced by the provisions on limited liability considering that the carry the burden of losses and damages.

Sentencing is a stage in criminal justice system in which a judge decides a punishment for a criminal. The purpose of sentencing plays a very critical role in deciding the most suitable type of punishment because it makes a judge decide whether to satisfy the victim or to punish the offender according to the law.

They do it for a variety of reasons ranging from looking for a better life to promoting criminal activity through drug trafficking. This is a significant issue that our country has been trying to address and come up with new ways of preventing it from occurring.

East Timor is not a private company and certainly denotes members of the public not connected by a private entity. In Public Trustee v Young a gift for the education of persons residing in a specific town was upheld as a charitable trust. This gift was decidedly for a section of the public and therefore not private in nature.

The term appropriation has been differently interpreted by various scholars (Craig, 2011; Meyers, 2006; Hampel, 1992). It has rather evolved from one meaning into another. Earlier in the Greek period, it was related to copying of a specific work and incorporating it in a different manner to create another (Pedley, 2005).

According to the writer, an African American, Barrack Obama is the Chief Executive of the nation, while the one heading the State Department is Hilary Clinton, a woman. Despite these statistics, glass ceiling still exist. Hispanics, Blacks and American Indians represent around 30% of the population; but, only 3% hold management positions.

The genesis of restrictive cross border movement from one country to another; especially for prolonged stay can be traced to several years ago when the need to claim territorial authority and expansion led to strict laws being put in place to forbid people from entering other countries for the fear of combative or colonial invasion.

According to Holleman et al., there is a direct relationship between the increased number of inmates in public prisons and the corrections budgets. He further states that the punitive strategies implemented by the government during the 1980s led to a diversion of funds towards prison maintenance and away from more pressing issues such as health care.

The rhetoric of animal rights protection has often been dismissed as first-world, middle-class rhetoric, invocations of those who live in conditions where human beings are not confronted daily by mind-numbing realities of gnawing hunger, poverty, and marginalization.

Blurring and tarnishment are what are referred to as dilution when they affect trademarks. Blurring takes place when an original trademark is affected through its usage in other areas. The distinction in the earlier trademark may be impaired and difficult to identify. In addition, tarnishment involves the effects of impairment on the reputation.

There are several philosophical-political-legal grounds that U.S. states and localities have used in recent decades to enact laws and policies on questions that had been historically put off-limits to them by Supreme Court rulings, and thereby entrenching the principle of federal primacy over states and localities on "foreign affairs." One of the reasons that have been advanced to the above effect is that there are certain needs and dynamics that make reshaping of relations between states and the federal government necessary.

The paper identifies the restorative justice model to be used in addressing this issue as well as the benefits and challenges of using restorative. It is a worldwide concern that numerous acts of violence are targeting specific groups. Hate crime in the recent past has been directed towards Muslims and Arabs thanks to War on Terrorism.

There is a need to govern the act of omission through common law. This is because at the present moment we cannot afford to draft a specific legislation for an act of omission because theoretically that will only complicate the confusion with respect to act of omission.

In the case of Michelin Tire Corporation V. Wages, the court levied a nondiscriminatory ad valorem property tax on goods, which was a certain percentage of the company’s value. Michelin Tire Company made a claim in court that the contents of the warehouses were constitutionally free from taxation by the state since they were in their original containers.

Since the prehistoric era, as Paleri (2008) states, war has been influencing the human psyche and until the limitations of war are properly understood, the importance of military security in conventional terms will remain a priority. As a result of such change in warfare, the two kinds of engagements common in the 21st century are the projected power to another nation and encountering insurgents in the homeland.

Gun control laws cannot counter the issue of gun violence; still, measures can be taken to ensure that the weapons are in the hands of the right people. Before issuing licenses and registering guns to any individual’s name, the law enforcement agencies need to ensure that they are handing a lethal weapon in the hands of the right people.

Cocaine remains one of the most abused drugs around the world. Anti-drug policies in a significant number of countries render is use and possession of the drug illegal. A comprehensive analysis of the spread of cocaine reveals that the world economy, especially from 1850 to the 1980s, influenced the widened global trafficking of the drug.

Persons commit various kinds of offenses among which are civil crimes administrative as well as criminal acts and the infringement of human rights as stipulated and observed from a global perspective. The legal framework has been and continues to be applied in addressing the criminal offenses done by persons while acting on personal behalf or when acting on a state's behalf as obliged by the office.

Tort law refers to a branch of study that deals with injuries/loss sustained by the plaintiff as a result of either intentional or unintentional negligence on the part of the defendant. Tort law provides remedies for a civil wrong committed against the plaintiff. The most common remedies for tort are restrictive orders and cash compensations.

This partnership with Alexander earned him the rage of Governor William Cosby which led to his incarceration. He was in jail for eight months. During the time that he was imprisoned, public outrage against Cosby grew as the people sympathized with Zenger who continued to publish the Journal and its usual attacks on the incumbent administration.

A contract is a legally enforceable agreement between 2 or more parties and is a set of promises made by one party to another, for a certain consideration for the promises kept by the other party.  In a contractual agreement, each party would be having a certain set of rights and a certain set of responsibilities or obligations.  Under rights, the party would be entitled to a certain sum of money on the completion of a certain task.  

The author states that the ethical codes of conduct of the police or the law enforcement officers have a significant role to play in the work of the police. One of the primary reasons requiring such ethical code is that the public, in general, would not accept a police department that is corrupted.

Business in the modern world has become complicated. There are very many procedures and formalities involved in it. Unlike the olden day, modern-day business requires a lot of attention and commitment, due to the high rate of competition among different industries. Because of this, contracts have become a major part of every business.

It is customary to briefly review the various contract laws and conditions that apply to the case under consideration. Promissory estoppel is employed as one of the legal principles in US law. It exists in many other legal systems with different titles. Promissory estoppel allows a party to recover on a promise even though that promise was made without consideration.

Alfonso Lopez, Jr., a 12th-grade student at Edison High School in San Antonio, Texas, carried into the school, on March 10, 1982m a revolver with several cartridges. Having been questioned by the school personnel, he admitted to possessing a gun. Later on, Lopez was arrested and charged for possessing a gun in a school. 

It is evidently clear from the discussion that the elements necessary to establish premises liability are the defendant must possess the premises or land, the plaintiff must be an invitee or licensee, and there must be negligence or some other wrongful act. The most common type of premises liability case is the slip and fall case.

Other laws such as family and criminal laws are left to the discretion of the state courts (Harp, 1954). If the separation of federal and state courts had not existed, then each state would be free to interpret the constitutional laws, as they deemed correct. In that case, there might be as much as fifty interpretations of the same law.

A Comparative Analysis between House Arrest, Electronic Monitoring, and Shock Probation Abstract The essay aims to address a two-fold objective to wit: (1) to define and discuss house arrest, electronic monitoring, and shock probation, and (2) to compare and contrast house arrest, electronic monitoring, and shock probation and determine their effectiveness.

The committee presents its report to the House, and this includes all the necessary amendments and recommendations made by the committee that studied the matter at hand. This gives rise to the Third Reading, which involves a final vote on the matter. When the vote is in favour of passing the Bill, it is carried on to the next stage.

Becoming a member of the board of directors of an audit client requires the carrying out of certain tests to ensure the independence of the former auditors and other professionals. In this respect, the legislative requirements in Part 2 M.4 Division 3 Sub Sections 324 CA to 324 CK of the Corporations Act 2001 apply (Brayshaw; Woodbine).

It was in the year 1998 that the University of Wisconsin scientists developed the first human embryonic stem cell lines. The medical field is eager to explore this field because of the possibility of generating replacement tissues for cells and organs that are not functioning.

The ginger beer was in an opaque bottle, which prevented the contents of the bottle from clear sight. Mrs. Donoghue consumed the beer and later the remains of a decomposing snail floated in the glass when she poured the remaining beer into the glass. Because of the contaminated beer and the resulting nauseating sight, Mrs.

As a result, manual and electronic security breaches have been common organizational experiences. This paper seeks to discuss contemporary organizational issues that relates to security. Based on a newspaper article, the paper will identify some of the security issues facing organizations.

A Critical Analysis of Article 5 of UCP 600 Introduction The International Chamber of Commerce’s (ICC) Uniform Customs and Practice 600 (UCP 600) revised the practice rules relative to letters of credit in 2006 and thus replaced UCP 600 1993.1 Pursuant to Article 5 of UCP 600 cautions that banks do not deal with goods and services and are confined to dealing with documents.2 Therefore Article 5 of UCP 600 sets forth the rationale for the autonomous nature of the letter of credit and segregates if from the contract to which it relates.3 There are some problems that can arise from the autonomy of the letters of credit.