Biology Essays

It exists as a double strand in the cells of the body. Due to advances in cell biology, DNA profiling is a possibility. The procedure depends highly on the ability to amplify DNA through polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Polymerase chain reaction is a procedure of amplifying the small samples of DNA into larger samples for manipulation.

Some researchers attribute this diversity to the genetic makeup of an individual asserting that the genetic propensities have a role in the engagement of crime among individuals. It is avowed that the genetic composition of an individual may be interactive or additive to the individual’s engagement on criminal behavior.

These are normally components of many common medicinal yields, detergents and chemicals used to kill herbs. With continuous research, it has now become possible as Fern R. McSorley a Chemistry graduate student of the Queens University in collaboration with Bjarne Jochimsen, a molecular Biology student in at Aarhus University and Bjarne Hove-Jensen, a student at the Biology Department, University of Copenhagen were able to prove that bacteria E.coli could actually breakdown compound in grass and yield bio-fuel which can be used to solve the now eminent the energy crisis (Chen, 2011).

The menopausal stage continues until the death of the woman or rather the woman does not go back to the earlier stage thus it is permanent. The idea of stopping the menstruation means the woman’s body is undergoing hormonal changes that affect her sexuality.

Channels exist in three different sates: open, closed or inactive. They are composed of different subunits and each subunit is coded for by specific genes (Bernard & Shevell 2008). An ion channel can be either of the voltage gated class or the ligand gated class.

The author was able to identify plant hormones such as auxin that mediate the response of the direction of plant growth to sunlight. He hypothesized that, if plants are exposed to the sun, and other plants are kept from the sun, then the differences in the growth patterns of the plant and the levels of auxin should be related.

Since different strains of the bacteria react differently to gene replacement with lacS gene, these researchers hypothesize that different S. solfataricus strains have different DNA processes as well, including their repair mechanisms. First, each strain was cultured using 0.2 to 0.4 in basal salts medium with 0.1% (wt/vol) sucrose and 0.1% (wt/vol) tryptone (ST medium) or 0.2% (wt/vol) glucose and 0.2% (wt/vol) tryptone (GT medium) prior to UV exposure.

Hematology Laboratory Questions Q1. Labelled diagrams and description of function of each cell type: - Neutrophil: Neutrophils are granulocytes –white blood cells - produced by the bone marrow. There are about 1.3 x 1011 neutrophils per 80-kg person per day produced by hematopoietic system.

Current scientific advancements (further discussed below) allows an individual to determine whether they came from the lineage of Bible figures Moses and Aaron, or of Genghis Khan, US President Jefferson, and other historical figures (www.rootsforreal.com).

The fat globules do not mix with the stomach fluids. The fat globules are not digested in the stomach and they move into the small intestine. The floating immiscible fat molecules are digested with the help of the emulsifier bile. Bile is an amphiphilic molecule.

So, as the science of stem cells rapidly generates new discoveries, it also encourages a serious debate among scientists, human rights activists, as well as ordinary people about the validity of approving the experiments on stem cells for addressing many scientific issues.

HPV’s association with other cancers such as oral, esophageal nasopharyngeal and larngyeal, and with some researches claiming evidences of its HPV etiology, the possibility of using HPV vaccines against breast cancer looked promising. However, as studies on the matter are further being conducted, they begin to arrive at conflicting conclusions.

The present study focuses on five topics related to biology that are Central Jersey Blood Center, HIV and AIDS, St. Francis Counseling Center on Abusive Relationships, Family Planning Services and Features, and Planned Parenthood Services and Features. Each of these topics is discussed in the report as follows.

As the discussion stresses placenta has two components a fetal part that develops from the chorionic sac (chorionic villi) and a maternal part that develops from the endometrium. Development of placenta begins after the cleavage of zygote, which consists of repeated mitotic divisions and the ultimate formation of a blastocyst. 

Antibiotics are normally used in the treatment of infectious diseases. This paper analyses the classification, transmission, prevention, diagnosis and therapy of infectious diseases, the history, types and effectiveness of vaccines and the functioning of vaccines in human body.

Sex chromosomes are those that determine the gender of individuals to be either male or female. The sex chromosomes face several disorders that arise from the deletion or addition of the sex chromosomes; X and Y. chromosomes are made up of long strands of the genetic material deoxyribonucleic acid, DNA that contains several genes that are responsible for the various traits in human beings (Gardner, Sutherland and Shaffer 123).

The Cell Theory encompasses 3vbasic theories. Firstly, "all living things are made of cells". Secondly, a single cell is the smallest unit of life as it is the smallest living thing that performs all life functions. Finally, all cells originate from pre-existing cells. The process of formation of new cells from older cells is called cell division 

Global warming was not a part of the earth and its system; it is a cause of the carelessness of the people of the earth. Any problem caused by human beings has a definite solution and the solution is with the human beings themselves. Global warming is also a cause of the human activities and humans need to realize it to remove it forever (ThinkQuest, n.d.).

Meiosis also known as reduction division is a type of cell division where the cells divide to produce cells containing half the number of chromosomes. This type of cell division constitutes a very important part of sexual reproduction and all eukaryotes reproducing sexually have meiosis as a part of cell division. However, the prokaryotes i.e. the bacteria do not reproduce by meiosis.

The researchers have successfully managed to come up with various conclusions especially concerning the genes that are attacked to induce the condition. The genes that are actively involved in cancer progress bring a clear understanding in a biological context.

The term sickle cell comes from the sickle shape or the crescent type shape of the affected hemoglobin molecules. It is caused due to a change in just a single nucleotide in a DNA molecule out of a billion others present in the cells of the human body. It may seem like a minor change but the effect is disastrous.

Organism Physiology Name of the Organism The name of the organism, which I am going to discuss in this paper, is ‘Frog’. Frog is an amphibian, which has its presence on the earth for millions of years. In this paper, we will talk about its main organs and will discuss how it has evolved physiologically to suit its external environment.

ABSTRACT Analyzing action potentials is important in understanding the mechanisms of signal transmission in nerves. To do this, an experiment using a computer program to study the generation of action potentials using electrical stimuli was conducted. By modifying the strength and duration of stimuli, the changes in the action potential’s latency and strength were observed.

The author states that natural selection is a key mechanism of evolution, the change in heritable traits of a population over time. It is the differential survival and reproduction of individuals. He thinks that the idea behind natural selection is that certain features provide organisms with advantages that lead to easier survival.

Fantastic Voyage Name HS 130 Section # Unit 4 Assignment Kaplan University Date Purpose The purpose of this essay is to trace the path of blood flow from the right femoral vein into the lower right lobe of the lung through the right pulmonary artery. Once we reach the lung we will describe cells found within that contribute to our immunity, describing innate and specific immunity.

Since, during inspiration it slows down prior resuming to the normal beating. The fluctuations differ drastically depending on the breathing alterations per minute, which is the key exemplification of this report. Heart rate of an individual or any animal is directly comparative to the breathing.

Apparently, the increase in food demand in the recent years has seen the food-energy relationship enter a new era which could prove fossil resources as an insufficient mode of energy production in the food system. A food system here refers to all the work, research and processes involved in making sure that a population is well fed incorporating a balanced diet.

The medical history of smallpox is a history of indescribable human anguish and suffering, surprising human ingenuity and eventually unprecedented human victory. It was spread by an obscured virus, and infected a single person as well as entire community and it proved terminal to virtually one-third of its victims.

The study hypothesized that excess weight will change cardiovascular fitness by increasing the pulse rate and recovery time. The mean of the four replicates recording of the measurements were taken as the sample size to validate the results of this study.

They comprise of elements like carbon, oxygen, nitrogen and hydrogen. All amino acids have two groups, i.e., carboxyl written as COOH and amino NH2. The examples of amino acids and their molecular weights: Alanine with a molecular weight of 71.09 and solubility of 16.65, glutamine having a molecular weight of 128.14 and solubility of 3.53, Asparagine with 115.09 molecular weight, Histidine having 137.14 molecular weight just to name but a few (Meisenberg 19).

Some cells are organisms onto themselves, like bacteria and amoeba cells. Others function as part of a large organism. The cell is the simplest and smallest basic unit of animals and plants. Some organisms are unicellular, that is, consisting of a single cell like the bacteria, while others are multi-cellular, incorporating many cells, like humans.

Interestingly, adult individuals retain some pluripotent cells, from which cells for replacement of damaged tissues can be derived. Thus, fibroblasts, muscles, red blood cells, or nerve cells can stem from a pluripotent stem cell upon initiation of specific physiologic conditions (National Institutes of Health, 2009).

These efforts have been able to establish that the human gut is a natural habitat for a significantly dynamic and large bacterial community. Despite the fact that some of these bacteria are still under investigation, and are yet to be well described, the effects and relevance of most of them on the pathology and physiology of their hosts are clearly understood.

Exam 01 Question One Evolution means the modification of living organisms through time as they descend from their ancestors, generation after generation. The ancestors of various species look different in their structure, behavior and physiology far back in time.

Biological Factors and Feeding Behaviors Introduction Biological factors have been proven as preconditions or progenitors of actions. This is true in all animals and the human species. Specific body parts and their functions, including the chemical reactions that transpire within a body - they control behaviors.

Malarial endemic conditions vary from country to country based on the malaria epidemiology and the level of the control program implementation in those countries.   300 – 350 million cases are found to be caused by malaria with a mortality rate of 2-3 million deaths per year (Gbotosho et al., 2011).

The present study has taken into consideration certain molecular processes and thus presents a detailed report on the study conducted on the topics as reflected in the further sections. 1. Functions of Water in Biological Systems: Scientists have long been interested in understanding the role of water in the biological functions focusing immensely on the structure and properties of water as well.

Variation can be with respect to behaviour and appearance (Solomon, Berg & Martin, 2004). Inheritance - Some traits in organisms are passed on from parent to offspring while other traits are a result of environmental conditions. Heritability of traits influenced by external conditions is very weak.

1. What are the components of physical examination? Describe each component. The physical examination for prostate cancer has two main components, namely Digital Rectal examination (DRE) and measuring blood levels of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA). Digital Rectal examination is undertaken as a part of annual examination to directly palpate the prostate and check for abnormal texture and presence of lumps.

The diseased individuals inherit the genes from their affected parents and pass it on to their offspring. In sickle cell disease, abnormal haemoglobin S replaces the normal haemoglobin A due to alterations in the genes. The function of haemoglobin is to transport oxygen and deliver it to the different organs and cells of the human body.

(Gawthrop, 1999). The Virgin Komi Forests have been designated a natural UNESCO World Heritage site, particularly because of their status as a large virgin forest and because of the abundance of IUCN Red Listed and iconic species living in the area. Recognized in 1995, it was the first UNESCO site in Russia, again illustrating the importance of this site, the environment and the species within it (Bobretsov & Yakushev, 2008).

While most of them seek medical attention others ignore the problem. They dismiss it as a mere hurt burn or a negative body response to a certain diet. So they try to avoid certain foods in an attempt to maintain comfort in their tummies. This write up will explore three gastrointestinal diseases that affect human beings and proceed to explain ways of contracting the diseases.

Philosophy of science is a field that seeks to understand the underlying foundations, assumptions, methodologies, and implications made in science (Rosenberg, 2005:53). Philosophers of science are out to validate works of science using reasoning and logic.

These compounds can be either synthetic or natural. EDCs differ in size, potency, chemical life cycle, amount, and effects. Many are chemicals produced for specific purposes and are used in pesticides, plastics, cosmetics, electrical transformers and other products.

Name Institution Course Instructor Date DNA Fingerprinting Abstract DNA fingerprinting is a laboratory procedure that has proved very useful in personal identification. With its wide applications, it is causing a revolution in the modern world. Typing of DNA presents unique profiles for each individual except identical twins.

The functioning of the cerebral hemisphere is affected in this condition and thus the day-to-day performance of the individual greatly suffers as a result of dementia. Dementia can result owing to many underlying pathologies which include Alzheimer's disease, Huntington’s disease, and Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease. There is no definitive cure for this disease but early diagnosis can make a difference.

Addiction Is a Brain Disease Over the years, the number of types of addiction has increased. An addicted person is said to be one who has no control over the things he/she does, uses or takes. It is not just in physical things such as alcohol but also anything else for example, shopping.

The males weigh less, 325 lbs and grow to a length of 20 feet. They are organized in different groups including Kingdom Animalia, Order Squamatia, Subfamily Boidae and Species Murinus, Eunectus beniensis, Eunectus deschauenseei, Eunectus murinus and Eunectus noteaus are the four species of this type of snake.

The technology used to ascertain genetic fingerprints varies, but predominantly relies on polymerase chain reaction (PCR), which is explored in some depth here. Although there are problems with genetic fingerprinting, this paper finds that the usage of the technology in these situations is incredible useful and one of the more reliable forensic techniques.

It is a process that requires one to employ full involvement of the person’s deeper mind that prevails in the heart region. It entails more than just raising intellectual awareness via knowledge, but takes a person into a deeper level. This process enables a person to acquire absolute wisdom, energy, quick evolution and direction.