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Bipolar disorder ranks as the sixth leading cause of mental disability in the United States of America today (Rivas-Vazquez, Rafael A., Sheri L. Johnson, Gustavo J. Rey, Mark A. Blais, Ana Rivas-Vazquez (2002). People who are between the ages of 15 to 44 years old are the most affected by this disorder.
The author of the essay states that a common feature of the models is that they are based on empirical research and not on clinical observation. The three models emerged on the basis of trait theory, created by Gordon W. Allport as a reaction against Freud’s excessive emphasis on hidden motifs of humans.
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The most violent individuals do not seem to have a superego that works to keep their ego in check, but their superego strength gets expressed externally onto other individuals, groups, institutions, or even countries. Moving to the most horrific types of aggression once this superego has gone external, it will encompass acts of murder on a variety of fronts such as manslaughter, third, second and first degree murder; Serial killing; mass murder, suicide bombing, so on and so forth.
The human mind is indeed so complex and multi-faceted that various studies agree and disagree on every topic only to disagree to agree on clamors for further studies. Psychological positions have not changed over the years. The cognitive principles accounting for an individual’s behavior has led psychologists to question dispositional constructs.
A lot of people have exerted effort in developing the untested hypotheses and theories through the process of pure observation. Evolutionary psychology is “an approach to psychology wherein the general knowledge and principles of evolutionary biology have been applied in the research study of the human mind structure” (Cosmides & Tooby, 1997).
Becoming oneself is a journey full of surprises and excitement as such it is considered by Fr. Lawton as one of the riskiest of all journeys. It is a journey to go to where ‘no man has gone before’ as such one encounters several risks along life’s journey. On a daily basis, we are faced with the risk of living because to live is to risk dying.
In his homily at the Class of 2005’s Baccalaureate Mass, LMU’s President Fr. Robert Lawton, S.J., said: “So what is the answer to this deep insecurity we all feel? The answer, I think, is to embrace the adventure of becoming deeply, and fully, ourselves. This is what God is really calling us to.
The Rorschach is a subjective personality assessment. The difference between a subjective and objective test is that the objective test like the MMPI comes up with numerical scores for each section based on a clear true or false answer. The subjective test is interpreted by the interpreters' experience with what the person is saying
The author states that professional experience helps a person translate theory into practice through the act of learning something new with each new scenario in the work place. This in itself is proof of the fact that worthwhile learning does not take place only within the educational institutions.
This research tells that despite the attractiveness of hyper-reality and the wide-spread belief that all experiences can be appreciated virtually, there is plenty of precedents indicating that this is not so. Life cannot be understood or lived solely by what is contained in the available media, even when that media is as full-coverage and real-time.
Being denial for protecting one’s self-importance or ego was part of the defense mechanism which was defined as an unconscious mental process that will compromise the answers of one’s personal problem. It was a clear fact that I had acted and behaved under the influenced of unconscious thought processes for a very rare instance.
From this paper, it is clear that despite its size, and in fact because of it, J.C. Penney (JCP) fell into terrible times in the nineties. It failed to realize that with time it had to change along with changing demographics of younger customers who had a different outlook. It neglected the aspirations of the new customers and carried on with old ways.
The author starts with the political theory that Hobbes has written in 1651 in his masterpiece Leviathan in which he identifies three basic assumptions that Hobbes uses for his political theory. He continues with the theory of Paine that is based on his work the Right of Man where Paine analysis government from a liberal point of view.
Our five senses of touch, smell, sight, taste, and hearing are the main inputs to the brain which makes the mind react, respond and externalize them into thoughts, actions, feelings, and speech. Our mind can function only based on what we experience. Our thought process is always on ‘autopilot mode’ whether we wake or sleep.
Theories have continued to emerge attempting to provide a definitive answer to the question of what does it mean when we dream with no indisputable ‘correct’ answer in sight. There are some proven facts about dreaming, such as the idea that dreams take place when we are in the REM (Rapid Eye Movement) stage of sleep, that our larger muscle groups are temporarily shut down during this phase of sleep.
The author of the paper states that if there is any indication that a patient might hurt themselves or others, the psychiatrist must have them committed. Assistance to suicide by a psychiatrist or 'psychiatric' euthanasia should never be an option. I would advise a clinician seeking my opinion of these facts.
The author states that in clinical applications, models or modeling approaches from mainstream cognitive science are imported and adapted. Properties of performance include response accuracy, response speed, and response type. One or some combination of these response properties become the empirical anchors of prediction and explanation.
This paper illustrates that there are three main stages in the formation and retrieval of memory: Encoding or registration (processing and combining of received information); Storage (creation of a permanent record of the encoded information); Retrieval or recall (calling back the stored information in response to some cue for use in a process or activity).
Psychometric tests are defined in different ways by different academicians. These are a variety of tests helping organizations to access the range of behavioral traits of prospective employees. According to Dent & Curd (2004) “Psychometric tests are written, oral or practical tests that quantify different types of human behavior".
Anger could have many underlying causes. It could be learned behavior, or it could be caused by maladaptive thinking patterns. Anger could also lead to negative consequences for health in the long run caused by too much stress. Expressing anger may in fact be counter-productive, because it may lead to more anger. The most important step in the management of anger would be in adjusting and controlling maladaptive thinking patterns.
It is quite essential to state that loud noise distractions have an effect on the way the memory performs always. This can be generalized from the findings of the research done since the sample was representative statistically and say that, the external stimulus can decrease an individual’s memory performance.
In a way, the instinctive, psychological and social theories complement each other and are not individually exclusive. When evaluated, each of their arguments has its own respective merits and that these merits do not necessarily reject the claims of those made by other theories. One can say that aggression is a part of human life as there is evidence that says its incidence could be genetic.
This presumption is, of course, untrue, however; a comprehensive explanation of a hypnotic phenomenon, specifically the altered state theory continues to be debated among scholars and scientists. Disagreements regarding the altered state theory have served to create differing conceptions of hypnosis.
The autogenetic methods sought remarkable popularity and fame all over the globe. Individuals are fed up with hard exercises and side effects of medicines of high potency, which may jeopardize the health of their stomach, kidneys, and other parts by decreasing immunity and natural efficiency of health control.
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The author of the paper explores the relationship between homosexual parents and their offspring. According to Boswell, marriage for homosexuals is defined as the socially sanctioned, voluntary, committed, monogamous, lawfully contracted union of two adult people, which the government and/or society recognizes by conferring certain rights and responsibilities.
On many occasions, my parents will open up the mail, sort through the bills, and within a few moments begin arguing with each other over which are more important, which are the fault of the other, and ultimately who should pay because they spent money on something else that was unnecessary.
Filial Therapy adds the parent component. It appears to this writer that the kind of therapy will very with the therapist chosen. Each therapist seems to utilize what works best for them and what represents there personal theory about play therapy.
The oil price hike which took place in August was blamed as the prime mover of the protesters. However, an effort to trace the series of events in Burma will reveal that the recent mass protests cannot be simply explained by the single event of the oil price hike. On February 22, 2007, groups of people from Rangoon started to stage protests in the local markets.
Influenced by the teachings of the giants of Psychology such as Jerome Bruner, Erik Erikson, Jean Piaget, etc., Gardner has conceptualized his own theory culling from knowledge learned from his mentors and his own learning while in pursuit of his own understanding of human intelligence. The Multiple Intelligence theory has motivated educators and ordinary people.
The differences in intensity of response may be caused by the differences in the unconscious memories that exist in various individuals. An assessment of these physiological responses to fear also offers material for the study of anxiety disorders.
This research will begin with the statement that suicide rates have been increased significantly the last years in all countries around the world. In fact, a relevant research made in the United States, proved that ‘more than four times as much male youth die by suicide but girls attempt suicide more often and report higher rates of depression.
The Psychodynamic theories of personality focus on the role of the unconscious in shaping personality traits, and classify personality traits on the basis of four sets of opposite traits. The Humanist theories imbue people with self-actualizing tendencies that lead them to work towards achieving their inner potential.
The article begins by claiming that people have no knowledge of their own inner thought processes. Finally, since people are sometimes correct regarding the reasons why they think a certain way about things, it is necessary to examine the cognitive mind and an individual’s access to it in greater detail.
Parents need to ensure that their kids do not feel left out in the whole equation and are taken care of. Parents must make sure that after their divorce their kids are given all the love and protection that they need and no stone is left unturned in the process of their sound upbringing. It is only with an earnest effort and endeavors on the part of the parents that the kids try to take their lives in new stead.
Emotions also surface in moral dilemma situations without arising from the options themselves. An example is a mere stress of being torn between two options. Sometimes, just to avoid being in this aversive state, people altogether avoid making decisions. At other times, emotions that are unrelated to the options end up influencing the final decision.
Buss has measured such attributes with reference to cross-cultural differences in his research in 1989. Bond has made his research on the subject by a comparative analysis of two different nations based on the questionnaire prepared by British and Chinese students identifying attributes both for lovers and friends.
Different authors, scholars, sociologist, and psychologists have defined resilience differently. Egeland, Carlson, & Sroufe (1993) have defined resilience as a successful adaptation or development of competence despite high-risk status or chronic stress. Rutter (1999) relates the resistance of psychosocial risk experiences to resilience.
Each one of us is vulnerable to the tradition of this so-called fierce and selfish world. This affects our habits and behavior to be in line with the surroundings. To be successful one has to flow with the stream of this world. Nobody of even the mightiest power can impose his own rules without first bowing before this world himself.
The primary means of this mediation between the biological and the social or cultural is through the media of symbolic artifacts. In other words, humans understand the world around them only as well as it can be formulated in terms of psychological symbolic tools, the strongest of which is language. Heavily influenced by Shpet, Vygotsky adopted the concept of the word and language as energeia rather than ergon – active rather than static.
What we perceive is real, or is it? It may appear real to at first glance but is it real or simply what we perceive reality to be? The optical illusions presented on the website lead us to ask these questions not simply regarding illustrations designed to ‘trick’ the mind’s eye but other applications as well.
The researcher will begin with the statement that he is not bothered that what he perceives to be real, at least from an optical illusion standpoint just a little surprised. These visual illusions utilize what is known to distract the eye, therefore, the author feels he has been set-up so to speak. In addition, everyone is ‘fooled’ by these optical graphics, and he is not unique.
. Whether it was determining whether something was moving, whether it was moving in the way that I thought it was moving or whether it was behind or in front of something else, none of my usual clues for determining these answers seemed to work.
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When a person has both mental illness and substance abuse, it is known as dual diagnosis. The concept of dual diagnosis was described in the early 1980s. In their article, Pepper, Krishner, and Ryglewicz (1981) reported that "a new generation of persistently dysfunctional young adults (aged 18 to 35) has emerged in the community, requiring new programs in community care".
The researcher of this essay aims to analyze that Susan has a full-scale IQ score of 78 with a range of 73-85 with a 95% confidence interval. This would put Susan in the 7 percentile when compared to the general population. The full-scale IQ is generally considered to be the most reliable and of intellectual ability provided by the Weschler scales.
Just as chemistry sciences were takes on as the 20th-century checkup replica, patient's viewpoint into a relationship-centered communication has been optional as suitable for the 21st century. It is the checkup dialogues that provide the basic vehicle through which the encounter of viewpoints is waged and the therapeutic association is defined
As the paper outlines, according to Donald Laming, it includes normal reactions to perceived danger, together with phobias which are irrational reactions to specific situations or objects, reactions out of proportion to any danger which those situations might bring, and anxiety, a general condition of unease.
While positivism (quantitative with hypothesis testing), interpretivism and realism are the different types of research philosophies, each has its own purposes and advantages. According to Taylor et al., quantitative data is numerical in form. Questionnaires and interviews are the usual research methods used under this paradigm.
There are many stimuli that can cause physiological stress in a person. These can be either physical (trauma, pain, extremes of temperature, disease, dehydration, infection and excessive physical activity), psychological (deep emotions, anxiety, apprehension and fear) or physiological (pregnancy, delivery, post-partum, lactation, sexual activity, menstruation and pre-menstrual tension) or chemical (excessive intake of alcohol and drug overdose).
This seems like a good idea or strategy, but in reality, money is not the only one factor that will influence the final decision of a person. John Holland, a psychologist, knows a lot about a person’s uncertainties and he created a model called Holland’s Theory to explain why people choose the career paths they do.
Nine individuals were subsequently invited to join and all agreed. These were Leona Aiken, Mark Appelbaum, Gwyneth Boodoo, David A. Kenny, Helena Kraemer, Donald Rubin, Bruce Thompson, Howard Wainer, and Leland Wilkinson. In addition, Lee Cronbach, Paul Meehl, Frederick Mosteller and John Tukey served as Senior Advisors to the Task