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I was part of the group presentation on the topic of Leadership Competencies during the student personal service classes. At the end of the program, I found that the information I used in the presentation was very useful and critical as pertains to how I approach leadership. In my classes and practice as well, I often apply the following leadership philosophies (Warrick, 1981).
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Leadership philosophy guides an individual’s actions, behaviors, and thoughts. On the other hand, people’s philosophies are influenced by external and internal forces. People can change who they are by virtue of being leaders and by changing their leadership philosophy.
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Freud developed a theory called psychoanalysis theory which seeks to explain the human motives of doing things. Freud believes that all of the human behavior is driven by two major instincts are life instincts and death instincts and that all these instincts come from the mind it is the mind that determines what an individual does and how they behave at all times.
Freud’s theory of dreams is famous and revered for putting forth a foundation for psychoanalysis that even psychiatrists use to deal with their patients. The theory supported the notion that normal and neuroticism cannot be sharply contrasted, and, building a foundation for psychoanalysis as a general theory of the mind that applied to everyone.
It is argued that the value of a commodity should be equalized to the amount of labor put in the course of production. For this case, labor should be distinctively manual labor and whether direct or indirect, Marx postulates that it should be reflected within the value of the commodity (Wilicki, 1968).
Because utopia is the best humanity can conceptualize, utopia has to be humanity's regulatory philosophy. This definitive philosophy of motivation for the paramount life thinkable for the whole world can be one conventional component of common sense and central purpose in or else multifarious and disjointed world.
For every last bit of its qualities, Virtue Ethics is not exactly a complete answer for our ordinary good issues. It might be the by being the most agreeable regulating hypothesis, with its accentuation upon a singular's close to a home association in moral choice-making and its non-unyielding, pragmatic way to deal with moral problems.
Citing information from the” book discovering right and wrong by Louis Pojman this essay will give a more legitimate answer to this legitimate question and give more details on the nature and purpose of morality. The question of why should individuals be moral should never be confused, as it is a reason for both the society and mainly the institution of morality.
In his attempt, Plato uses the analogy of the city and an individual to illustrate the constituents of these entities and their natural order only through logic can be achieved. The conception of justice in the Republic brings about an ideal idea of what a just state should be like.
Theoretically love is viewed from two theories; the erotic theory and the romanticized theory. These theories are both felt by friends and individuals or a caring love that is devoid of any connotation or sexual desire. According to Plato, if this was the case then love was called tyrant love. When love is considered as the empire of shaping an individual’s life, then it bears the tyrant profile.
Rayner (2005, p.6) notes that according to David Hume morality is subject to emotions and senses and not reason or divine will. David Hume believed that morality is empirically based and as such, his account of moral behavior draws significantly from an amalgamation of a wide range of philosophical schools of thought.
The paper "Is Knowledge Even Possible Philosophically?" is an excellent example of an essay on philosophy. It is not easy to come up with one distinct definition of knowledge with regard to various types of knowledge in existence. Epistemology is a branch of philosophy that deals with the scope and nature of knowledge and it is referred to as ‘theory of knowledge’.
Man is rational and therefore the happiness he has relies on reason. Happiness is dependent on the acquisition of moral character where a person exhibits the virtues of justice, courage, friendship, generosity, and citizenship in the person’s life. Happiness is found in an active but not a passive lifestyle.
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Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679) presented his philosophy on the social contract theory. In his theory, Hobbes proposed that rational individuals create a rational government that is based on class. Hobbes stated that have self-interest by nature and it is, therefore, rational for them to have moral behaviors so as to get the best of this self-interest.
The social contract clearly states that the citizens are required to surrender some of their liberty in exchange for protection and order in the country. However, as much as one may support Hobbes's argument one may feel that the authority should have absolute power but should follow a set of laws that will be able to keep the government under check.
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Humans are involved in a continuous learning process, where they learn from the environment and the specific experiences that they glean over the period. Through teaching the inherent ability to learn for students can be influenced to identify and explore specialist areas that can be appropriately explored by the students.
The question of what constitutes enlightenment has been the subject of numerous philosophical debates without a universally agreeable answer. Immanuel Kant and R. Dearden are some of the many scholars who have attempted to answer the question in depth. I present a discussion on what I comprehend about enlightenment and modern education as per the arguments presented by Kant and Dearden in their two different essays.
I will zero in on inductive reasoning. This argument is the type in which it is thought that the reason is provided by the premises that probably is the conclusion of the truth. In this version of the argument, it is wished that that premise will be stronger and if it is not false then there will be limited chances of its conclusion being false.
It is apparent that both of the antagonistic schools of thought stated in the preceding section often propose divergent opinions on which is the most ideal process in making a moral judgment. Against this background, it is prudent to define the concept of morality before embarking on the analysis of the utility of either reason or emotions.
Happiness cannot be achieved when the standards set for it are too high. Most people base their happiness on some sort of achievement that is very unrealistic. Such people keep setting higher standards any time they get to a standard they had set before, and their journey of pursuit of happiness never ceases (Gault 2010).
'Universals arise solely from the fact that we avail ourselves of the same idea to think of all individual things which have a certain similitude; and when we comprehend under the same name all the objects represented by this idea, that name is universal.'It does not stand for a real universal that the intellect apprehends.
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Human beings must develop, define and make a decision regarding their nature by engaging themselves, their society as well as the natural world surrounding them. He further argues that each human being’s nature depends on each specific individual; this radical freedom has an equivalent radical responsibility.
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After Nietzsche's theory of the “Will to power” has been viewed as an interpretation then it is easy to step outside its deterministic principles of quanta of power then focus on more general principles of valuation. The aforementioned excerpts show the Will to power as essentially an interpreting function, this is s function that evaluates from certain perspectives.
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Michel Foucault is one of the philosophers who have redefined western thought in terms of bodies and sexualities. Judith Butler and Simone de Beauvoir are feminists who have continued in the quest for identities, challenging the ways in which social constructs like gender and identity define the perspectives of individuals and society.
The essay will attempt to define the term enlightenment, its origin, and its use in the 18th century in accordance with renowned thinkers such as Immanuel Kant, Rene Descartes, Voltaire, and John Locke. Secondly, a discussion on how the question was answered by these thinkers will be presented broadly.
Socrates was a mysterious figure identified through the works of later traditional writers and plays of his modern Aristophanes. His most notable philosophy, gathered from the writings of Plato, was the obligation to do what an individual thought was right even when facing widespread opposition, and the requirement to seek knowledge even when under resistance.
It has been proven that the irreducibly complex theory does not hold since facts have shown that there is not one instance that a given system is not functional. For instance, in the eubacterial flagellum, it has been noted that there is not one instance that it has not been functional since its components have various functions apart from motility
Plato is regarded as one of the prominent philosophers that had worked on defining what knowledge is. Plato postulates the tripartite definition of knowledge by stating that before any statement could be recognized as knowledge, it must be (i) justified, (ii) true, and (iii) believed (O’Brien, 2006).
The principle necessitates that the distressed be helped unconditionally and if need be again and again without considering the costs of the personal risks that one could experience out of his or her noble act. In addition, the theory evidences that there are no limits to doing what is right and that what is wrong is not being morally right.
The third definition is what I shall focus on where both Euthyphro and Socrates landed on the question, “Is the pious being loved by the gods because it is pious, or is it pious because it is being loved by the gods?” The first statement would be preferable where the pious are being loved by the gods because it is pious.
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The paper has highlighted some important views based on Immanuel Kant's position on cloning. According to Kant, the idea of treating human beings as ends, not as means and can be understood in two ways. First, this can be treated as happiness and secondly as a mean which is not acceptable in the society.
Aristotle was still a boy when his father died but the links to the Macedonian court greatly influenced his early life. Aristotle is associated with many radical contributions to humanity which range from logic, politics, ethics, medicine, agriculture, mathematics, physics, biology, and theatre arts. Aristotle was a student of Plato even though he differs from Plato with regards to forms.
Rowe argues that;
God exists in the understanding
He (God) is a possible being or might have existed in reality
If a thing exists only in the understanding and might have existed in reality, then it must have been greater than it is
Supposing that God exists only in the understanding, then he must have been greater than he is.
Plato’s Allegory of the Cave is the leading symbolic representation of the nature of reality, human condition, and knowledge. However, the interpretation has turned out to be a travesty work commitment of the political thought, metaphysics, epistemology, and the moral philosophy if pursued on the identified general lines.
Kant examines common notions and assumptions of ethics with the goal of demonstrating that the premise of ethics is founded on independent reason. In addition, Kant is of the view that that one has to initially examine and comprehend the theories of a ‘good will’ and ‘duty’ and their correlation to each other to better appreciate morals (Wood 1999, p40)
The essay includes a critical analysis of whether actions based on emotions and feelings surpass those sanctioned by moral obligation. The case study of this research is Bennett’s discourse, The Conscience of Huckleberry Finn. The research includes as well a review of Kant’s deontology – duty ethics with a specific focus on how it relates to two of the characters in the case study.
Auto mechanics always will separate ethics from business and that they are carrying out their duty. Politicians do not mind about their ethics at all as long as they maintain their seats as long as they can. Doctors will do the same, they will scratch whoever patient and demand procedures that are of no relevance at all, and they will not conceal each other's misdeeds.
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Cognitive relativism (also called epistemic or epistemological relativism) is a philosophy that claims that the truth or falsity of a statement is relative to a social group or individual. Eventually, every statement becomes valid and comparable to any other, with the independence of the degree of reason or verification.
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As the paper tells, to a utilitarian, the choice that brings about the greatest benefit to the maximum number of people is the choice that is ethically correct. It is often described by the phrase ‘the greatest good for the greatest number of people' and is popularly known as the greatest happiness principle.
The difference between common love and heavenly love is clearly brought out in the paper. Heavenly love is the joining of two people who are in love and join in both body and soul. I have also talked about how love, according to Plato, drives people into doing good things and not ugly ones. It brings people closer to God since God is beautiful and love is beautiful.
Here I reflect on and write a personal statement of philosophy about teaching and learning. This personal statement has been written to represent a deep reflection about my own values, morals, and beliefs and how this would impact what I would do in the classroom, acting as a guide for making decisions related to classroom planning, teaching, and assessing.
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Certainly, even in ancient times, Aristotle’s naturalism had already been under attack by the school of skepticism. But, Aristotle would have insisted against the Skeptics that “a life without some rationally justified beliefs could never be an ordinary or happy life, as we commonly conceive it” (Dentsoras).
The philosophers, from the very beginning, have tried to find answers to questions of truth, the meaning of existence, and the meaning of life. However, how to find answers, that is what should be the task, is a very problematic issue. In the times of Plato and Descartes, the task was to find an objective, unchanging answer to these questions.
The paper "Utilitarianism in the Light of Cognitivism and Non-Cognitivism" Is a wonderful example of a Philosophy Essay. The of this paper is to make an analytical persuasion towards the moral and ethical understanding of utilitarian thoughts. The initiations and the determination of the utilitarian aspects are studied under the cognitivism and non-cognitivism.
The subjectivism of Deidre implies that if she was only selfish and wants to work for her own interest, she could go to any other field. But according to her “volunteer agency is doing the best” so she is right at her own, and her feelings for working as a volunteer arise from this subjectivism. So as far as her feelings for the volunteer agency are good, the work she is doing is good.
Heidegger investigates a particular type of Being, the human being, mentioned by him as ‘Dasein’, meaning literally ‘Being-there’ (Solomon 1972). By Dasein, Heidegger draws attention to the fact that a human being cannot be accepted except as existing in the heart of a world together with other things (Warnock 1970), that Dasein is ‘to be there and ‘there’ is the world.
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The questions must remain in the minds of people. If they got the answer to their previous questions, new questions should arise in their minds. Philosophy is discovering the answers and this exercise of questions and answers keeps the mind active and also affects people’s lives and their perspective towards life.
Stopping cure-oriented treatment when its use becomes excessive and substituting appropriate palliative medicine and intensive personal support--these have gradually become accepted in the medical community as appropriate means of caring for the dying. Crucial to that acceptance, however, has been the understanding that morally speaking, this approach does not involve killing.
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Socrates was sure that a divine spirit directs and inspires him, and that a clear mind is a primary condition providing for the virtuous life of humans. Socrates resembles a Christian martyr or a Puritan. The last part of his speech, discussing the afterlife, expresses his assurance that immortality exists and proves that the uncertainty that had been revealed by him was false.
Jean-Paul Sartre is at one with Greek philosophers Parmenides and Plato in his contention that the chief problem of philosophy is the problem of being The famous works of Sartre such as "Being & Nothingness that talks about ‘Consciousness & being-in-itself’, ‘Nothingness, Freedom & Anguish’, ‘Bad faith. Transcendence & Facility’ and ‘Being-for-others & the look’ are all interrelated.