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When discussing the origins of philosophy, the subject immediately summons thoughts of Western philosophy with its origins in Plato’s Greece then its advance to Rome and the European Continent. Sometimes it conjures thoughts of the Eastern philosophies of Confucius and the like. The mention of African philosophy does not invoke the same familiarities.
If someone were to do his moral duty and perform an action consistent with ethical principles, then it would not matter if it had negative consequences. Such is the view that deontologists hold -- decisions are made and actions done on the merit of the rightness or wrongness of action and not on the rightness or wrongness of its outcomes.
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Leibniz was born in Leipzig, Germany. He received his Doctorate of Laws at Alder. He became a legal counselor in the court of Mainz. In 1672, he was sent to Paris on a diplomatic mission. In 1676, he was at the service of various nobles such as in the court of the Duke of Brunswick. All propositions assert the inclusion of one concept in another.
Compared with the Pre-Socratic Philosophers, Socrates and Plato’s contribution to the humanistic Tradition may be seen as a form of paradigm shift. This I maintain on the premise that although both genres work on the foundational belief that human beings are rational beings, who in their rationality possess abilities that enables them to address their own questions.
Modernism and post-modernism are terms used to refer to different aspects of art. These include fiction, poetry, painting, sculpture, architecture, but are not in any way limited to these particular genres and styles. Furthermore, modernism and post-modernism should not be limited to the view of different schools of thought.
I agree with Honore that individual obligation to others is determinable individually with or without the generalized obligation determination. It is the inner factors of rules that separate habits from rules in the sense that such habits may portray repeated patterns of behavior and conduct even though we may not regard them as conduct standards.
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Sophocles presents in Antigone an interesting treatise of justice. Firstly, judgment is rendered based not on man’s law, but moral law, and the latter takes precedence over the former. Secondly, man’s law, to be a valid instrument of justice, must not be subject to the whims and caprice of the lawgiver but must be restrained and impartial.
In the simplest sense, mathematics deals with reality from an objective perspective, whereas arts and ethics view it from a subjective point. But the paradox is that the accurate definition of truth or reality depends on the subjects who view it. Therefore, fact appears to be relative and contextual (Alston 25).
The leader uses his/her abilities to socially influence others to perform particular tasks for the common good. The person needs to possess specific competencies that enable him/her to effectively persuade people to follow specific guidelines that he thinks need to be used for success to be accomplished.
The debate on knowledge vs imagination points to a regular subject in humans. The early dichotomy between what individuals dream, sense through instinct, intuit, or imagine, and what people know is established, in a way, in all areas of human beings' rational activities. It is evident in the difference between mystic and rationalist views of religions.
Theory of Knowledge (TOK) helps in identifying the relationship between knower, way of knowing, and knowledge issues; the main aim is to allow people to understand what they mean by the term “know” i.e. do they know about it, do they believe they know about it, what does the person know about it, what do they perceive to be reality and etc.
If Thomas Jefferson had been alive today and insisted in the arena of public ideas that all men are equal, he would have been heralded as a visionary, and man with the courage to guide and direct the course of a people toward a greater existence. But this is not the totality of Mr Jefferson’s timeless assertion.
Generally, nonconfirmation is the inability of the apparent to verify the knowledge claim. This is another proof of the significance of Epicurus’ thoughts in contemporary philosophy. It should be recalled that for the positivists, empirical statements are meaningful because of their capacity for verifiability.
This assignment also compares and contrasts the life of leisure with the life of idle pre-occupation and compares and contrasts how Plato and Seneca counsel their readers about preparing to die. According to Socrates, a person will be prepared to die or receive death, when he/she expected that death would arrive, throughout their lives.
By remaining loyal to this stance in his own defense, Socrates not only emphasized this importance to those who came after him but also ensured his words would somehow be immortalized as the only way in which he might be able to reach future generations. Socrates’ ability to see beyond his one moment in time to the greater effects of his teachings prove him to have been uncommonly wise.
Plato defines the virtuous man as one who works toward the greatest good in thoughts, as the primary impetus to action. Aristotle took this idea one step further still, combining action and thought as he describes the virtuous man as one who has the right and noble thought backed up by the prudence and balance of the courageous man of action.
Hinduism, on the other hand, conforms most readily to the given definition of religion in that it expresses a clear doctrine that informs a “way of life” and the rituals involved. The yogas one uses to achieve the final goal of human life are more varied and specific in how they are taught by sages.
“Born into a modest Gujarati family, Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was the fifth child of Karamchand and Puglia. He was born on October 2, 1869, in Porbandar, where his father was Dewan. As the youngest child, he was mischievous. As a youth, he was an average student who was very shy and unable to speak.
Kabbalah means 'receiving' or 'that which is received. It is the combination of philosophical principles and divine instructions, infused with feminine-God imagery, to explore the mysteries of the human relationship with God as father and mother, Lord and lover. It tries to take one to God, through the process of negation.
The basic assumption of the current report is that Rousseau and Locke had many similar philosophies, informed by a basic respect for human nature being a positive force that resulted in a social contract with the rest of humanity; however, they also had differences, because Rousseau was more positive about the state of nature.
An ordinary un-philosophical person would claim that objects like table cause sensations to appear before the mind but George Berkeley denies this theory. Ordinary people plan their lives on the assumption that objects cause a sensation in us but Berkeley refutes this assumption too. What are his arguments in support of his claims?
The question of self-hood is a critical philosophical and psychological topic of discussion. In all actions one takes, we take them with a conception of our identity. Answering the question of selfhood is equivalent to answering what essential characteristics there are to being you, being me, and being a specific person, different from all other individuals.
When one is dealing with three thousand years of civilization, it is apparent that he is set to depend on authoritative sources without which it is well nigh impossible to keep close to tracks left behind by wise and able academicians. In Laozi, the writer Vincent Shen has made mention of ren (humanness) and yi (righteousness).
Different kinds of truth model in many ways different kinds of knowing. Emotion, language, logic, and perception all are types of knowing facts (truths), and they are all connected to thoughts about truth. For some, emotion is the standard of ethical behavior. But it is not pertinent or particularly helpful in finding out how people discover whether ethical sentences are true or not.
Just like building a house, we will know better where and how we can build and develop our further knowledge after we know where and what the foundation is. The existence of the contrasting theories of empiricism and rationalism makes us build two houses of knowledge on different foundations so far, each of which keeps growing and keeps getting developed.
A personal code of ethics is the conduct designed by people to regulate one’s attitude and behavior in public dealing. Being a qualified civil engineer, I am expected to provide wise and expert counseling to the management, contractors, co-workers, and other people. I feel excited about finding something creative.
My cousin did not survive his battle with his illness. It made me very angry that I was powerless to help him. I could not understand why he had to die. I was around 10 and my mother thought that I would better understand the concept of death if I read about it in a story. She chose the book The Little Prince to help me understand why people die.
Most of those, who live in cities, have almost forgotten how it feels to walk by feet for a distance longer than from the garage to the porch of their house, and from the car to the doors of the grocery store. Now we have cars, trains and planes that let us rest while our bodies are transported to the other spot of reality.
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The categorical imperative proposed by Immanuel Kant places the standard for moral good in actions rather than traditions or beliefs. Kant argued that the actions of people should be judged as moral or immoral based on their personhood and dignity. The actions of a person should be treated as right or wrong for that person only
The question of the meaning of life is the most fundamental in human existence. Often, individuals ask themselves such questions as the nature and purpose of life and the value of life. It is certain that one day, each and everyone will die only that the time is not known hence the question if we have to die, why do we exist?
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An ancient Greek philosopher Socrates defines moral code as “how we ought to live”. From a grammatical approach, it is understood as the set of standards, rules, or laws that the society attaches itself to that is easily derived from the world that surrounds the societal environment and that affects the majority of lives (Zaborowski, 2010).
Abortion is one way or another supported as well as opposed by individuals in the society, depending under which circumstance it occurs. Immoral actions such as euthanasia, abortion, murder, suicide, and rape should be greatly condemned in society since they go against human beings' moral backgrounds.
The general meaning of the word entails the act of identifying and defending ideas of right or wrong behavior, which often tackles disputes attributed to moral diversity. Thus, ethics or morality attempts to resolve issues concerned with human moral concepts such as evil and good, virtue and vice, right, and wrong, truth and lie.
Plato himself conjured up images of souls shackled in a dark cave, watching the shadows of marionettes on the wall, and confusing these figures for the way things are. René Descartes posited the possibility of the existence of an entity depriving him of a sound knowledge of reality. Kant spoke of the impossibility of man’s knowing anything beyond the veil of a phenomenal world of experience.
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The main question of modernism was the search for the universal truths of the universe, which was believed to be achievable by breaking down elements into smaller elements. Through this process, the world was fragmented into several parts. Clean lines and distinct boundaries were sought as a means of discovering these universal truths.
It is always good to think ahead of time with your plans and goals in life. When the time comes that a decision has to be made then no time is wasted since one can decide quickly and precisely on matters that deal with life. Being able to find a professional career that is fitted to one’s personality would be a big help to living a life.
Improvements are made to the currently available information while the points of view on the topic are reconsidered in an effort to streamline the available knowledge and information about certain topics and events. This is what forces the discarding of previously acknowledged facts and information in favor of up to date information on topics and events.
The book relates to the relation of events that the writer relates to easily as a result of the ability to mark these events with time aspects that are easily developed in the current life. In ancient times, understanding time required a proper understating of the weather patterns and the daily changes that indicate specific time changes.
The thesis he posited in contradistinction to Rene Descartes’ “Cogito ergo sum” and which is central to Karl Marx’s body of work is that “It is not the consciousness of men that determines their existence, but their social existence that determines their consciousness” (Critique of Political Economy 2).
Many studies done in colleges are meant to educate people regarding a particular subject. However, philosophy is designed so that the mode of education teaches people different ways of thinking. It can be described as studying all-purpose and elementary topics, such as subsistence, understanding, principles, basis, mentality, and speech.
This can be achieved through liberty, choice, and individual conscientiousness. The feeling is that individuals are looking for ways to establish their individuality throughout life as they resort to various decisions influenced by their experience, principles, and perception. And individual choices become distinct without the need for a potent form of reality.
On August 26, 2006, the first day of orientation at Columbia University in New York City, the campus filled with proud parents and other family members. The excitement and enthusiasm of these people, who come to see their children go off to college, was almost tangible. The students attempted to mingle and meet with each other in hopes of finding new friends.
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Man with his advanced faculty of intellect and moral principles can adapt quickly to changes. As a philosopher, though in danger of contradicting his view on natural man by exploring the social contract, Rousseau presented the guidelines to be able to adapt and to guide the people into achieving the next best thing to natural equality that is through a social contract.
In a state of nature, all individuals have a natural right to whatever it is they obtain, so long as they labor upon it. In a state of nature, all individuals have equal rights against each other. The following will examine the state of nature in both philosophers, and in turn, it will be argued that Hobbes's view of nature leads to a position that defends a strong sovereign or monarchy.
In simpler terms, ethics points out the codes of behavior or the standards expected from an individual, by the group or the community that they belong to. In line with the definition of ethics, ethics can take the forms and the scale of administering ethical guidelines to a society, a group, a family, or an institution.
As his conversion to Islam offered him the possibility of deliverance under Allah, his development of self-discovery offered him the chance of a more prolific, though still limited, place in society. No matter how many sins he attempted in his early life when he found the meaning of his existence he put all of his efforts to get respect and freedom to all the black people all around the world.
Relativists believe in having their way and they do not have the “it is my fault” mentality. They have the rationale that what they are experiencing is better placed than what other people are experiencing. This makes them individuals who uphold the honor and believe in having a good life. They also believe that life has room for wealth creation.
Daru, as an existential or absurd hero, resents the external control forces imposing upon his life, including friendships with men like Balducci and political obligations, and, according to this principle, refuses to impose upon the liberties of other human beings. Ultimately alone with his decisions, Daru is faced with the reality of having to make a decision.
Plato has defined philosophers as lovers of wisdom. According to Plato, only philosophers can be the best rulers (The Philosopher King 153) as they can eliminate all evils from society. Plato’s claim has no practical applicability. His idea of a utopian state and a philosopher-king is only a theoretical proposition.
The slave narrative was a popular literary genre in previous centuries, and Frederick Douglass’ slave narratives were one of the most famous and widely read. Douglass, made a slave against his will, does not fall back on bitterness: he uses every opportunity available to make himself a better person, striving for the most important thing to him, freedom.