Philosophy Essays

In general, some philosophers adapted the philosophy of biology to explain their views on the modern biology. These philosophers, Aristotle from Greece, Rene Descartes from France, and Immanuel Kant from Germany believed that biology is part of God’s creation.

Author Tutor Course Date Essay 2 Introduction The Theaetetus represents one of Plato’s dialogues relating to Plato’s dialogues concerning the nature of knowledge. Theaetetus’ first response to Socrates’ question of definition of knowledge begins with examples of knowledge such as geometry, harmony, arithmetic, and astronomy.

They want to understand how people can do away with their State of Nature, so that they can produce productive civil societies. This paper aims to compare Hobbes’ and Locke’s concepts and premises regarding consent, contracts, and states of nature. Hobbes and Locke have similarities in the justification of the formation of consent and contracts, but not in its dissolution, because of their contending views on the State of Nature.

This paper shall differentiate two vital classes of dishonesty that occurs in human society as well as in multi-agent systems. According to the work of Harry Frankfurt, someone who lies has the knowledge of the truth. A liar knows what he says is not true.

Let’s first get a clear understanding of what it means by “reasoning.” Hume convincingly argues it as the ability of an imagination to link and relate ideas in various situations that would either produce belief or reason (Owen, 1999). Hume says in his treatise that “reason is nothing but a wonderful and unintelligible instinct in our souls, which carries us along a certain train of ideas, and endows them with particular qualities, according to their particular situations and relations” (T 1.3.16.9; SBN 179).

It breaks many marriages and relationships since it gives men the chance to cheat on either their wives or girlfriends. It also increases the rates of crime rate in the society since it may result to physical abuse and drug trafficking.

This was because God created humankind in His own image and God’s image (character) entails the power to create. The power to create was however limited to what is commonly referred to as invention. Through this power, humankind has been able to provide for most of his needs that were not created directly by God.

Realism as a Method to Depict Immediacy, Unexpectedness, and Wonder in Bernini’s Apollo and Daphne and Poussin’s Et in Arcadia Ego By Your Name Course Name Professor Institution Location Date It’s kind of like that feeling you get immediately after you scrape your knee deeply; you know there is a serious and long lasting pain that is about to overtake you, but for that split second everything just seems to hang in the air.

Hence, in this race to succeed, people often forget to implement and keep notice of on-job ethics. This trend exists in the media industry, possibly more than it exists elsewhere. Job ethics are the social and moral principles with which one must conform in order to categorize their behavior as fair, just, unbiased, and morally correct (Kieran, 1997).

The main characters in the text are Socrates, the audience that is Athenians, Meletus, and the Judges. At first, Socrates tries to convince the Athenians that all the allegations against him were baseless. Still, he is aware of the possibility of suspicion in the minds of people as to what made all the prejudices claimed against him by them.

In other words, they are lovers of wisdom. It is in line with this, based on Plato’s “The Republic”, that he regarded philosophers as the ones having correct ideals in life. They have significant contributions in the society due to the following reasons.

While some considered it as a way of imitation, some others considered it as a form of communication. For people like Freud, art meant a way for the artist to present his or her hidden desires and, thus, a way for the receiver not only to fondle their hidden desires but also to look into the mindset of the artist.

As a gadfly, Socrates argues that he has the responsibility to arouse, persuade and reproach the state at all times in order to ensure the state is responsive. Without the gadfly, the state would sink into irresponsible slumber. The presence of the gadfly - albeit irritating - spurs the state to pursue productivity and virtuosity.

The central concept of ethics focuses on the following ideas: right and wrong; good and bad; and permissible and impermissible, depending on what culture or society it is being applied on (Driver, 2007). There is also the dilemma of weighing in the values as well as the outcomes of different decisions before coming up with a conclusion.

It’s a guideline to what is expected of people and what is not expected of them in terms of morals. Ethics does not necessarily base on ones happiness or with virtue of ones character but rather with performing ones duties as a responsible person within the society.

After critical analysis of the Ten Commandments, the author of the essay is not sure about God’s existence and if given a choice will not follow the ten commands. His opinions may differ from those of Blaise Pascal, a French mathematician, inventor, writer and most notably a Christian philosopher. 

Also referred to as the theory of knowledge, epistemology is concerned with the nature and scope of knowledge. More specifically, it addresses the questions on definition of knowledge, how knowledge is acquired, and the extent to which a particular subject must be known.

The understood logic behind such a point of view is that from the deontological standpoint, the ethicist should seek to minimize the negative consequences that his/her actions affect on a given third party in the process. As a means of understanding such a normative interpretation of ethics, this brief essay will seek to engage the reader on the topic of female genital mutilation (FGM) and provide a deontological viewpoint and ethical determination of the topic based upon ethical decision making that the deontological approach portends.

In Waterloo, I have sometimes overheard some married men say that they have once or twice committed infidelity against their wives, although I have not heard wives say the same thing. I know extramarital affairs exist but although it does seem to affect only married couples, it actually affects their children and the society where these couple and children live, and is even one of the main causes of domestic violence (Gannon, 2012).

Plato emphasizes the need to value and uphold the rule of law. It is also significant to note that Plato tries to explicate the primary belief of political and societal justice and the importance of individual justice in a society. Plato made it clear that he disliked democratic system of government of Greece.

The question of morals existence was raised in the works of many scholars. However, there are very few of them who managed to answer this question and create a theory we all can use to explain what is right and what is wrong. This answer can be found in the works of Immanuel Kant.

In this regard, the conduct of various characters in the Animal Farm differs; For example, Snowball, Napoleon and Squeler succeed boar in the leadership, but later disagree due the differences in leadership roles as well as greed for power. This essay seeks to present an evaluation of ethics by different characters in the book; specifically Consequentialism (Consequences), Deotology (Motivation) and Virtue theory taking into account individual, culture and Universal levels of justice.

The debate of evil and angel nature of human being is an ancient pondering. Different philosophical schools of thought have explicated their views in varied approaches. It is normally believed that human beings are created having good and bad characteristics at the same time.

A person undergoes a rite of passage that eventually reforms his mindset in matters pertaining to knowledge and religion. Therefore, becoming a philosopher is not a complicated affair because it only requires critical thought and contemplation. This leads to be cautious with gurus.

However, this did not happen, as there emerged the difference of artificial and natural evidence. Similarly, the emergence of computers has not escaped criticism, many scholars have being agreeing, and disagreeing about the intelligence level of the computer compared to humans.

In order to provide facts and proof for his argument, John Searle used an experiment, “The Chinese Room Experiment” whereby: A person who does not completely understand Chinese Language is locked in a room and exposed in a scenario where he/she has to follow instructions provided in English on how to manipulate strings used in Chinese Language.

Lying v. Misleading. There is a difference between lying and misleading. Lying is saying something that is untruthful. Misleading is saying something that is technically true, but is designed to create deception. According to Stokke (1), the moral differences between lying and misleading have been a topic of debate for philosophers in general.

Fundamentals of Abortion Outline Introduction: Abortion is a very important issue in many countries. Thesis statement: Abortion is a crime because it involves someone taking the life of another person, even if they have not been born yet. Body: A ) There are three methods of abortion: 1 ) Automatic abortion.

The author states that for Aristotle happiness is what enlightens and satisfy the soul. And happiness cannot be measured with worldly things like wealth, fame and social setup. From the virtues are the moral values of a person and they are really happy for a person as they define and satisfy the inner being of that person.

necessity of undertaking once in my life to rid myself of all the opinions I had adopted, and of commencing anew the work of building from the foundation, if I desired to establish a firm and abiding superstructure in the sciences … Today, since I have opportunely freed my mind from all cares, and since I am in the secure possession of leisure in a peaceable retirement, I will at length apply myself earnestly and freely to the general overthrow of all my former opinions.” Descartes initiates his program thus in an approach typical of an ordinary scholar under critical doubt, capable of suspending beliefs of previous academic learning.

Both Freeman and Kelman state that, unless an environmental development can be linked to quantifiable cost and benefit, it could not be considered as an economic representation of an ethical cost-benefit analysis. Both Freeman and Kelman believe that economic productivity in the field of environmental regulation necessitates that the minor benefit of environmental development in each aspect be evaluated against its minor cost.

20th Century Genius Award Paper It is my great pleasure to present the 20th century Genius Award. While a great amount of consideration was given to candidates throughout the 20th century, the committee finally decided upon an individual that fundamentally restructured the very paradigm of psychology – Sigmund Freud.

Furthermore, the human beings have also created a set of moral and ethical principles which have to be followed by the people. An important fact about moral judgments which has been put forward is that moral values are not universal and unanimous which provides the idea that morality cannot be generalized for everyone.

Two Fundamental Conditions Determine What Each One of US Can Become The developmental stages provided by William Perry shows how intellectual and moral growth determines what one becomes. In addition, the concepts of determinism as demonstrated by the assertions of various philosophers such as Carl Rogers, Jean Paul Sartre and Bertrand Helm show various arguments on the identities of people based on determinism, feelings and thoughts as discussed in this paper.

To establish what is known is to establish an idea that is considered irrefutable. Communication between people in the form of language is defined by the expected uses of absolutes that affirm well conceived beliefs about how the world is constructed. Truth and what is known are not necessarily the same concept.

One of the types was those that supported the Marxism philosophy and these people were Marxists. Marxism by definition was the philosophy that went with the notion of an economic and socially directed community. The concept of Marxism went as far as scrutinizing and deep analysis of capitalism.

Seventeenth century British Empiricist philosopher John Locke was not only an authority in epistemology and metaphysics but also an expert in political philosophy. His Theory of Tacit Consent, which supposes that a person tacitly and unconsciously consents to the laws of the place where he lives, has brought about a political controversy not only among the intellectuals of his day but also among contemporary philosophers like Rawls, Nozick and Simmons.

To the magnitude that these senses are predisposed to failure is pathologies like schizophrenia. Further, a neuropsychological ideal of schizophrenia assist a great deal to make clear the nature of the nominal self and its neurological foundations. Moreover, there is sufficient proof to assert that though specific factors of the nominal self, it is perceived that there is a possibility of to create a robotic model of non-conscious self-reference that relies on a relationship between the robotic body and its surroundings (Ricoeur 2009).

I really didn’t know what Plato was all about, I wondered maybe he must be some kind of mythological God or creature but I surely knew the meaning of love. I had finally found an emotion to write about. In the text, the author mentions that from the praise that Eros had received at a dinner party we can conclude that ‘Eros is the love of what is beautiful’ and that caught me off guard.

Your Name Instructor’s Name Course Name Due Date Recently Susie was diagnosed with a terminal condition. The prognosis is a grim one. As the disease progresses it will bring, pain, degeneration, and ultimately complete immobility before inevitable death.

Death penalty has raised eyebrows, and the major question is that, is it illegal/legal or is it justified as a punishment. It is not only demoralizing, but it is morally wrong and inhuman as it takes the same steps as to which the offense is being accused of and is facing charges for.

Morality. The Genealogy of Morality believes that there are two different moral codes in the world that are good and evil and good and bad. The first dimension comes from the early conquerors and people who believed that their control over wealth and power or success was good and the other extreme was having nothing and being poor which meant being in a ‘bad’ situation.

They wish families to be redefined from the normal mother, father, and child unit to a mom-mother, or father-father, and child unit. This is an unacceptable move and is viewed by most as being morally wrong due to a number of socially acceptable reasons. This paper is being presented in an effort to clearly and accurately present the factual data pertaining to the reasons as to why same sex adoptions must be considered morally wrong.

The stages are sequential and successful completion of one builds the next phase. In each stage, one meets challenges that they should confronts. In every stage, one has to create equilibrium between forces arising from biological processes and socio-cultural influences.

Some of the issues that are considered as being controversial in the field of medical ethics include abortion, stem cell research and the question of euthanasia or assisted suicide. Medical ethics can also be said to consist of issues concerning informed consent and doctor-patient confidentiality.

Then explain how Kant uses the Categorical Imperative to formulate EITHER the Formula of Universal Law OR the Formula of Humanity. Finally, discuss at least two of Kant’s four examples (suicide, false promising, failing to develop one’s talents, and indifference to others in need) to show how EITHER the Formula of Universal Law OR the Formula of Humanity can be used as an ethical test to evaluate the moral worth of actions.

Fallacy: Slippery slope (Bassham et al.) Here the conclusion is that since Lindsey chose going back to university instead of school, the damage to the relationship is severe and irreversible. After all they were happy as a couple before that, but by abandoning the main role of the woman, which is to be a mother, the woman essentially ruined the relationship (Bassham et al.) The argument here is that an action that Lindsey took directly led to the series of events that led to the happiness of the couple being broken, in what the arguer describes as a downhill event.

Derrida and deconstruction theory In his deconstruction theory, Derrida believed that all western philosophy and literature depends on metaphysics of presence in that intrinsic implications or meaning is attained by virtue of pure presence. In addition, he argued that intrinsic implications or meaning at any given moment idea is constituted and understood linguistically and in term of what Derrida called oppositions such as reason/perception, exterior/interior, central/marginal, writing/speech, signification/intuition.

Aristotle is known for his theoretical ideas on morality while Gautama Buddha is associated with practical religious ideas that are aimed at attaining the ultimate state of peace and happiness. This paper discusses two doctrines that were each developed by these philosophers because of their seeming similarity to each other

Is true democracy possible? Has it to be moral in character? Why other systems of governance tend to challenge the basic fabrics of democracy? Why democracy has turned out to be more productive than other forms of government? Then focus shifts to paradoxes entailed in self evident truth of American democracy.