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The Purusha is the fundamental and true being, or you can say, in a given plane it manifests, embodies the true being. In a normal situation, considering the ordinary individual, this true entity is covered up by the persona of ego and the unconscious or ignorant part of Prakriti influenced the knowledge, the unseen hence remains unseen supporting the play of ignorance and obscurity.
The principle necessitates that the distressed be helped unconditionally and if need be again and again without considering the costs of the personal risks that one could experience out of his or her noble act. In addition, the theory evidences that there are no limits to doing what is right and that what is wrong is not being morally right.
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Happiness cannot be achieved when the standards set for it are too high. Most people base their happiness on some sort of achievement that is very unrealistic. Such people keep setting higher standards any time they get to a standard they had set before, and their journey of pursuit of happiness never ceases (Gault 2010).
The question of what constitutes enlightenment has been the subject of numerous philosophical debates without a universally agreeable answer. Immanuel Kant and R. Dearden are some of the many scholars who have attempted to answer the question in depth. I present a discussion on what I comprehend about enlightenment and modern education as per the arguments presented by Kant and Dearden in their two different essays.
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Humans are involved in a continuous learning process, where they learn from the environment and the specific experiences that they glean over the period. Through teaching the inherent ability to learn for students can be influenced to identify and explore specialist areas that can be appropriately explored by the students.
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Leadership philosophy guides an individual’s actions, behaviors, and thoughts. On the other hand, people’s philosophies are influenced by external and internal forces. People can change who they are by virtue of being leaders and by changing their leadership philosophy.
I was part of the group presentation on the topic of Leadership Competencies during the student personal service classes. At the end of the program, I found that the information I used in the presentation was very useful and critical as pertains to how I approach leadership. In my classes and practice as well, I often apply the following leadership philosophies (Warrick, 1981).
The ability to connect and establish a feasible relationship is essential for productive leadership and it depends on the leaders’ attitude towards his/her followers. Based on my experience as a leader, a successful leader faces the problem instead of running away from it. More so, a successful leader is trustworthy and does not engage in unethical behaviors.
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The scholars pointed out that the concept of development brought about a hierarchy of both developed and underdeveloped countries. The former ones are more advanced and superior to the latter, seen as inferior and needing help from the developed ones. The school of thought of the post-development era points out that the development models are ethnocentric.
However, libertarianism is simply the basic moral principle or as derived one. In some cases, libertarianism is identifiable with the principle that every agent has the right to equal and maximum empirical negative liberty. In this case, empirical negative refers to the lack of forceful interference from others when trying to do your things.
Accuracy is the chance that the source of knowledge is relevant, truthful, and purposeful and techniques used to obtain the knowledge are effective. The error comes in with the character of mistakes, and in most cases, it leads to the attainment of wrong facts or information. But who knows? As the question unfolds, “Error is as valuable as accuracy in the production of knowledge.”
Multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) is concerned with the evaluation of problems with a finite amount of alternatives which are especially known at the start of the solution process. These alternative solutions result from mathematical models and their variables can either be uncountable or countable depending on the discrete or continuous nature of the data respectively.
This has led to changes in various activities including business operations and consumer tastes and preferences. These factors formed the foundation of this study. The study aimed at exploring the concept of Confucianism within the Australian context, the reasons behind the increased practices, Confucian values, and the association with business practices.
A critical incident in its setting can be either positive or negative (Hrovat and Luke 2016, pg8). Learners must, therefore, determine the positive aspects of critical incidents and learn from them as well as determine the negative aspects and establish various ways to counter the negative occurrences (Jarvis and Newman, 2013, n.d).
It is from this view that economists, political scientists, anthropologists, and historians have correlated the views on the two subjects in connection to modernity. There are intense lobbying and divergent views by modern states on how to resolve disputes in the context of traditional values without raising conflict among affect communities.
The noble people have more power compared to the slaves because most of them are given prominent positions in organizations or owns the most valuable properties which they assign the slaves to take care of this they have the ability to dictate to their juniors what to do. The amount of power one has depends on the ability to use the authority that one has and the skills that one has.
Although only a few have heard about it, research on human happiness has been developing since 1960. Human happiness is regarded as the highest goal in life. The attainment of happiness is now the focus of philosophy, psychology, and even theology (Graham, 2010). The earliest researcher in human happiness Gordon Watson argued that there is no other quest that can attract a large number of people than happiness.
Logical positivism also known as neo-positivism or logical empiricism is a school of philosophy that coalesces empiricism, the thought that observational evidence is crucial for the knowledge of the world with a version of rationalism integrating logico-linguistics and mathematical constructs and deductions in epistemology.
The desires of a person have to be controlled. A person to achieve what is rightly his without frustrating others. From this perspective, it can be seen that Homer left some aspect hanging in his description of the soul. The loose ends were discussed in detail by Socrates and Plato. The suggestion by Socrates shows the rationality of the soul through self-examination.
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The study of philosophical orientation, I have seen it as a very wide study where it has in many ways influenced the behavior of people both in person and culturally. In adult education, the educator decides which direction the class takes in terms of learning, and the methods used by students of this program lie entirely on what the educator directs.
There has been a lot of blogosphere discussion of this mighty debate and continuous debates on just how much, we as the present generation owe the future generations. One of the big questions that come up is, “did the previous generations also have a lot to think about what they owed to us?”Ralph Waldo Emerson for instance quoted that insects store up for their future generations.
Human beings are different from animals due to the fact that as thinking organisms, they have evolved and developed so much. They are also capable of obtaining culture and ideas within themselves. Rationality is exclusive to humans as it makes them superior to other animals. However, they can also be irreversibly irrational in choosing their actions in life.
One of the most important disciplines in Contemporary Philosophy is Philosophy of mind. The explanation of the capacities and cognitive abilities of human beings is the central goal of the contemporary cognitive study on behavior. It explores the capacity of an adult to comprehend and produce natural language and a child's acquisition of the language from the adults.
Nietzsche’s take on Christianity was largely influenced by Kierkegaard who was himself a Christian. He felt that the church practices at the time were extremely formal and showed no signs of evolving or changing. Seeking to understand the identity of a person, he escaped the commonly used scientific analytical methods and instead compared one person to another.
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The concepts behind cultural relativism still draw arguments with supporting statements from both ends. Cultural relativism, in the basic sense, is the theory that supports the argument that ethical systems or morals across the various divides of cultures are equally valid. Therefore, according to this theory, no system can be superior to the other (Fieser, 2000).
Many theories have been created about these different stages to explain the significance of each stage in the development process. Many profound theories have emerged since the beginning of the century, the main theorists who have made a significant contribution to human development are Erik Erikson and Sigmund Freud.
Although neither Max Weber nor Karl Marx wrote directly about education, their theory of class conflict has far-reaching ramifications on education. Marx’s views and theories influenced a lot of academicians and scholars to publish numerous papers on the issue of education, resource distribution, sociology, politics, and economics.
A paradigm describes a model that has been theoretically tested and is applicable in a certain specific situation. The concept of paradigms is used in decision-making criteria as it provides specific guidelines of acting, given particular conditions or settings. In the concepts of worldviews and paradigms, the issues of culture, beliefs, and ideologies shape how different people perceive it.
World view provides a basis for understanding others and the surroundings. One of the theories used to study individuals in the medieval theory[1]. The medieval world view theory describes the self, suggesting that the mind and the body are two different concepts that can be separated and studied individually.
It is often said that the energy we set into the world will, at last, come back to us. Our current actions have an impact on the future. In the case where the impacts take long to happen, it is clear that it is the future generation that takes the blow. Although, in some cases, it is less likely that our decisions will affect the general course of history.
The identified relationship tends to constitute the body’s nature, both conscious and unconscious mind, and the emotional life experienced by the subjects while seeking the governance. Foucault majorly focuses on the question of how discourse shapes and creates the meaning of the systems gaining the status and the currency of “truth” and dominance in the manner that people define and organize themselves.
Elucidations of Hume's rationality of religion are regularly made against the foundation of more broad understandings of his philosophical aims. From this point of view, it is not unordinary to view Hume's perspectives on religion in terms of naturalism and skepticism, which prominently feature in his 1739–40’s Treatise of Human instinct.
Significant similarities and differences exist between a promise and a contract. The two practices apply similar principal methods in fulfilment of the instrumental function. Promises are statements whose normative forces are highly dependent on trust. Unlike promises, contracts are characterized by external sanctions.
On the other hand, goodwill refers to the unquestionable good. The goodwill relates that the intentions of a given action are such that when applied universally, the doer will be comfortable with it. It overlooks the sophistication realized from education and assesses people's activities purely on human nature.
As a result, those who seek to be away from others in society are usually viewed as escapists who have psychological or social problems. Some scholars argue that solitude may be beneficial in certain circumstances. For example, Barbour argues that when one has discovered the spiritual and value of solitude, he can benefit from it in a lot of ways (1).
Desire is a word that is used to refer to a strong urge of attaining or possessing something. In human beings, desires rise, but other feelings of desire often replace some. These feelings are the ones that spark the urge to do a thing, and without them, there would not be any reason to do anything and life would be void.
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Considering Merleau-Ponty’s interpretation of perception mainly driving attention to the claim he raised that perception in itself involved a lived dynamic that was between the perceptual body and world. The hardness of the rock was known because of the exhibitive experience they gave of their very nature or qualities as they were.
The first notion as mentioned earlier is credited to a professor who provoked another scholar to bring up the second notion with the intention of understanding how society and technology correlate. In summary, the differences between the two theories are evident in the subjects which they address.
Sexual desire as described in the paper has a visible impact on human behavior and can be used to interpret individuals’ actions. Cultural norms placed in societies act as an ethical standard to manage the actions of people in regards to their arousal due to the sight of an attractive person of the opposite gender.
Ideally, culture is one of the essential elements of any society. Indeed, no society can exist without culture. Moreover, culture is valued because it agitates the sense of belonging and a bond that binds a community. Confucianism is considered the widely known culture of the East Asian nations.
In this paper, I will examine the position of abortion using the thoughts of Emmanuel Kant on metaphysics and ethics. In addition, I intend to apply John Stuart Mill’s thoughts about utilitarianism. In the development of this work, it will try to examine the point of rationality and what is good for the general society concerning the termination of pregnancy.
Apparently, ethics does not rely on particular acts and established moral codes. However, ethics encompasses as many moral behaviors as possible hence making up an individual’s worldview about ethics. As per the discussion, the classical Greek philosophies encouraged the moderation of all practices in society.
He brings out the mechanisms of discourse and dreams. He claims that among the many forms, language is one of the representations in dreams (Lacan, 144). He, therefore, argues that the unconscious also has the structure of S/s, and neither language nor unconscious can work outside the S/s structure (Lacan, 143).
However, what one perceives is but one’s own ideas or sensations—ideas that exist only in one’s own mind. Berkeley further explains that ideas are not mere thoughts of the mind. Rather, they are the objects that the mind uses in thinking.
There is a first-order observation wherein the observer performs the distinguishing. There is a second-order observation wherein the observer looks at the first observer and sees the blind spot of the first observer, and knows why. He also sees that the first observer could have chosen other modes of distinguishing (the fact of contingency).
Theoretically love is viewed from two theories; the erotic theory and the romanticized theory. These theories are both felt by friends and individuals or a caring love that is devoid of any connotation or sexual desire. According to Plato, if this was the case then love was called tyrant love. When love is considered as the empire of shaping an individual’s life, then it bears the tyrant profile.
In Loaded Christos Tsiolkas (Australia) depicts the life of Ari a young man who is driven by lust and has sex with many people in one day for the sake of escaping from his frustrations. Experiences and transgression in love are quite irrevocable and the characters often behave as a life-force that drives them into transgressive actions.
Jamieson goes further in identifying the challenges of moral theories. He defines feminist sensibility as a problem that occurred among the philosophers in the late 1970s. The other challenge was the widespread skepticism related to the authority that occurred in the 1960s. The scholars who were affected by these problems differentiated and the majority emphasized motivation rather than obligations.
The concepts of authority and liberty according to Leviathan mainly focuses on ensuring that man responds positively to the authority above them and the best way of doing this is through ensuring that a covenant is made between them and the government. This is probably where the whole concept of government constitutions came from.
According to Locke, no principles or concepts are inherent in the human mind. He views innate ideas as those that a person is said to possess independent of prior interaction. He believes that for a human being to think or perceive something, they must interact with the object in mind before through what he terms as experience.