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The author analyzes the works of Aristotle, Aquinas, Hobbes, Kant, Mill and Hume. The author defines what kind of behavior is moral. He considers the nature of morality itself and what is it that causes morality in humans. He agrees with Kant that morality is some kind of imperative which must be followed by all people regardless different circumstances.
“Everyone who receives the protection of society owes a return for the benefit…each should be bound to observe a certain line of conduct towards the rest. This conduct consists, first in not injuring the interests of one another” (Mill 208) this idea extends to society’s responsibility to prevent harm to those who are unable to care for themselves, including minors and the incapacitated.
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The author states that the scientific field itself is independent thus realism takes it independent nature as well. The miracle of science had been debated over the years because it’s successful. The debate regarding scientific realism is based upon the fact that unobservable bodies are being concluded as the basis of scientific theories.
The author states that due to the rise in behaviorism, experts opined that nurture played a role in human development. This argument was based on the fact that training in early childhood can make the child develop into any kind of adult. Both nature and nurture have a role in the development of humans.
One of the key arguments against pornography is that it objectifies woman. In fact one may well say that the likes of Hugh Hefner (Playboy), Larry Flynt (Hustler) and others have used women in a very derogatory manner to
Optimism is often seen as possessing a positive mindset, although several writers have satirized it such as Voltaire in his work “Candide.” I selected this word because I am an optimistic person myself; although, I understand that too much optimism can produce negative consequences such as naivety and the loss of foresight.
According to Madison, in the US, there are factions or certain groups that might be there to safeguard the interest of the citizens of the US or to harm their interests (Sagan 143). If such factions represent the majority, they can have a major influence on the policy-making process, but if they are in minority, they might not be able to influence policy at all.
Class. The word is one of the most common, yet elusive terms in racing. Objectively speaking, the class can be defined as the quality of competition a horse has kept. A runner competing against good horses is always likely to defeat runners who have been competing against an inferior stock.
Anselm of Canterbury (1033–1109), which he had put forth in second chapter of his book, Proslogion.
The purpose of Anselm’s ontological argument seems to be to point out the supposed logical error
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Knowledge of artwork before beholding the artwork tends to give one an onset mentality of what he is supposed to see. What if all the speculative ideologies of the Mona Lisa painting were not true? One could then engage an open mind that whatever the Mona Lisa painting relays has, not been revealed and it would take a different perception.
John Locke’s theory of Representative Realism states that human beings do not perceive the external objects directly; rather it is the external objects, through sense- data or sense perceptions that cause us to have experiences of external objects. This, therefore, means that we do not perceive objects themselves, but we perceive the sense-data of objects which represent the objects themselves.
A good case in point is when a child is born and they are taught how to learn the roles that are required of their sex. Girls are socialized to do roles such as cooking, cleaning and even caring for children, while the boys are taught how to drive amongst others. This is a clear indication of the construction of gender in society.
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That is why the role which the religion has played in the formation of the human identity can hardly be exaggerated. At the present moment there are several world religious
Students cite the inadequacy of reference materials in the library prompting the need amongst them to seek other relevant resources pertaining to the discipline.
With the
Macintyre strongly overemphasizes virtues having socially constructed aspects. His argument of ethics and values almost gets him on the relative position as he provides no precise frameworks on how to evaluate such virtues, nor does he provide precise rational standards to guide moral behavior in a society.
One of my friends has recently encountered an ethical issue in her previous workplace. She is a lecturer at a community college. Being a single parent, she has to work to support her 2-year-old daughter. I decided to interview her for this paper due to the controversial nature of the ethical dilemma she had recently confronted.
Personal experience, however, is different mainly because it is where personal knowledge could be drawn. It is a combination of previous activities done through various human abilities such as socialization, intelligence, reasoning, sensory perception, adaptability, and beliefs, among others.
The two moral theories, Kant’s Categorical Imperatives and Utilitarianism, still dominate most standard philosophical discussions even today. Kantian ethics dwell on the individual, noting that every human being has an intrinsic worth. An individual should be treated as an end, and not a mere means. Kantian ethics advocate for a rule-governed morality.
In Plato’s Apology, Socrates regrets that the Athenians had been deceived by the false teachers in their childhood when they were most perceptive (like the prisoners in the cave); he even uses the word “shadows” for this and affirms that death is better than such a life. In Crito, Socrates is accused of leading the Athenians the wrong path.
The components of defense are objectionable if an individual has a prior reason for believing that actual suffering of beats to be a grave defect in the world compared to what massive indiscretion would be. Megan's most common approach he employs in addressing the local argument from evil is the premise.
Calgary is an example of a place where washers and dryers have replaced the clotheslines, whereas, residents of St John’s and Montreal still practice the hanging of clothes outside to dry (Dewolf, 2007). Although in the places where residents hang clothes outside do so, it is incomparable to the past.
Although Henry David Thoreau received little regard during his lifetime, his works gained popularity after his death and have since remained influential in the modern perspectives on environmental protection. Without a doubt, Thoreau is considered as the founder of the concept of environmental governance.
The two principles help define the nature of being and how change actually occurs. Matter in nature refers to the make-up of a being; that which a being, let’s say X, is made or composed of. Consequently, the matter becomes a relative term when talking about a being. Matter becomes essential to be since it is the element that undergoes change.
The central issue concerning globalization has nothing to do with the fact that it develops very rapidly or that its impacts are too brutal. On the comparatively short-term scale of capitalism, the concern is globalization`s poor ability to diffuse technical advancement rather than the propensity of globalization to impose advancement everywhere.
In this regard, one can forget that to a large degree, society rests on the rich heritage of philosophers and thinkers who in the course of the several last centuries have laid the ground for what one perceives as modern democratic institutions and practices. There also were scholars with historical significance as to that of the classical political philosophers.
In the readings consulted, Spinoza did not really argue for or against the existence of God, though he stated that the existence of God was a logical conclusion.He took that as a given. What Spinoza was attempting was a definition of the nature of God and of all existence
Lying is a common behavior that can be traced to all human beings regardless of their age, gender, education, cultural background or social status. People tend to lie on a constant basis, either consciously or unconsciously, because lying does not necessarily imply the intention to deceive the others.
Aristotle focused on fundamental facts of biology, and integrated his thoughts of philosophy, as well as analyzed his predecessors and concluded on his theory of the unity of the soul and the body that criticized the concept of Plato and won over the theories that rejected the unity of the body and the soul (Hsieh, 1).
Although there is little doubting the fact that the humans have progressed till now, I believe that humanity has not progressed, in fact we have gone from bad to worse. We will analyze the changes shown by the humanity in light of all several
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The author states that any action ranging from an excessive dosage of pills to cut the wrist vain that may result at the end of life qualifies as suicide. Suicide is an ethically significant issue. Three reasons why the issue is ethically significant to include the fact that most religions forbid violence, the fact that it is a self-inflicted crime.
Additionally, though the doctor may ne incapacitated to save the life of some patients, such patients expect the medical practitioners to employ their professional aptitude wholly in their endeavor to safeguard the wellbeing of patients.
One should be equally receptive to the sweet and the bitter components of life, instead of running after one and shunning the other. This would not only raise our self-esteem and confidence but also be a perennial source of peace and happiness. This kind of approach towards life can help to alleviate human misery and pain at both the personal and global level.
From this point, a scientist experiments the variables and analyses. Then, make a conclusion about the phenomena. This approach in science has been met with numerous criticisms. Scientism, term given to explain the use of science, employs the
The argument that tobacco must be good because it has been used as an indigenous medicine in various cultures for many centuries is not only deceptive and fallacious but is also based on a lack of reason since it is not supposed by any evidence. In my opinion, appeal to tradition is a logical fallacy because tradition is not always right.
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When Confucius made the call, Lao was a custodian at the Libraries in the then busy area of Luoyang. The two men had the same concerns regarding the collapsing social order in their country but had dissimilar solutions to these problems. Confucius was more optimistic of the capability of the kings of the Zhou dynasty.
According to Aristotle, a good person would perform her/his duties not for the sake of another person but for the sake of happiness. The act of virtue is thus, not merely one of charity but is also directed towards the fulfillment of one’s own desires. This, however, does not mean that one does not experience difficulties while dispensing with goodness.
The challenge existing in finding a universal understanding of leisure and time is that environments dictate what individuals understand as leisure and labor. The paper seeks to explain the meaning
The first reaction after hearing about the death of a loved one is denial. People do not believe the news of death at the first instance. They rely on hope that the news are erred and that their
For Foucault in Discipline and Punish and The History of Sexuality the relationship between discursive systems of knowledge and power and domination becomes critical. Unlike Marxists, he sees no one set of factors as directing human destiny. Rather, he represents power in terms of a multiplicity of force relations.
He argues that it is not about the money but Crito’s reputation is at stake if he does not help his old friend. In addition, he tells Socrates he should leave prison to
The author has learned that Critical thinking, among other things, makes one think rationally and with more clarity irrespective of the field one is in; education, law, medicine, finance, or management. Critical thinking is a vital component as it enhances problem-solving and proper thinking and can thus be termed as an asset.
Since its not of any practical use, it must be a philosophy course”. This is a logical error, for philosophy is not the only thing that is of no practical use. Whether or not the course is of any practical use can be
Descartes’ meditation 1 & 2 are mainly a compilation of principles of truth and reason, and how, through the use of which one is able to reach a correct conclusion. In meditation 1, Descartes explains how the use of his senses to describe and make meaning of things often times led him to falsehoods.
Holmes feels that people should starve, raise limited children, and preserve vast lands for natural reserves. Human beings should not take the first priority over the natural ecosystem. The arguments of Holmes favor natural ecosystems. However, the author of this passage holds that human and non-human populations are equally crucial.
Shi Tao, a journalist with China’s Business time news posted information on how the government had intended to curtail the celebration of the anniversary of the Tiananmen Square Protest by ordering journalists and media houses not to address the matter. He posted the information on an online forum based in New York.
The paper focuses on epistemology which is concerned with studies of the known theories.Plato is one of the earliest philosophers who used the Socrates, Theaetetus and Protagoras discussions to explain what knowledge was not. He held that knowledge required both permanence and certainty
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However, there are some problems, which being quite important, did not achieve much attention from the corporate mass media. The aim of this work is to reveal such stories and analyze them, represented their importance
As a rule, the fundamental principles of religion are enshrined in writing. In the case of Christianity, the Bible is the text that holds important evidence as well as regulations for the life of a true believer. Nevertheless, some of the norms seem to be outdated and it is quite obvious that humanity no longer follows them. There are several reasons for them.