Psychology Essays

Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is a goal-oriented approach to psychotherapy that aims at treating dysfunctional behaviors, cognitions, and emotions. CBT is sometimes referred to as a talking therapy that follows systematic procedures in psychotherapy. CBT represents psychological treatment that is based on both cognitive and behavioral research.

The physical image of a person plays an essential role in his personal and social success. Satisfaction with one’s body is an important factor in the development of confidence and high self-esteem. Sadly, there are many people in the world who are dissatisfied with their bodies and suffer from extreme anxiety and consciousness regarding their appearance.

Nicotine is said to kill people over time when they consume a large amount of nicotine in cigarettes. Anxiety, mood disorders, and addiction have been linked to the use of nicotine over time (Goodwin, Grover & Zvolensky,  2012). Many studies have been done on rats and other animals to understand how nicotine works in the human body.

The second indication of Alzheimer’s disease is amyloid plaques that cover the branches of neuron axons. These plaques are globs of proteins that stiffen the axons, and they reduce their working efficiency. An increase in Amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles affects the brain’s ability to recall any past events.

Violence is a present characteristic of every human society. Examples of violent crimes include rape, war, homicide and physical injuries. In the 20th century, roughly 87,500,000 people have lost their lives as a result of violent wars (Liddle 24). Drug abuse and mental disorders contribute to violent behavior.

Nonetheless, substance misuse continues to impact the quality of life and education of large numbers of students (Freeman, 2001). Research projects in this area have been more successful in documenting the incidence and prevalence of alcohol and drug-related problems than in furthering the cause of prevention.

This essay analyzes that Harry Sullivan led an isolated and a lonely childhood within a small community that was mainly involved in farming activities. Due to his isolation along with loneliness, Sullivan, however, formed only one secure interpersonal relationship with another boy who was five years older than he was (Sullivan, 2003).

This debate entails questions about whether the behaviour and the mental processes are influenced by genetics, heredity, or are a product of the environment and learning. Nature in this debate is the heredity or that which is inherited, whereas nurture is what is learned from the environment and other influences from it like experience.

Schizophrenia is a mental disorder that results in confusion between reality and hallucinations as well as delusions, disorganized patterns of cognition and speech, as well as other kinds of socio-emotional dysfunctions. One spectrum of disorder is paranoid schizophrenia. Patients have false beliefs that other people are scheming against them or their loved ones.

This paper will discuss the psychosocial development in middle adulthood according to chapters 20, 21, and 22 of Berger’s book ‘the developing person through life span’. The summary of Chapter 20 discusses in detail the biosocial developmental procedures evident in middle adulthood. Chapter 21 tackles the cognitive processes that characterize middle adulthood.

The general problem is in understanding the cognitive attitude among small children. The study was meant to see whether offering two marshmallows than one could help the children to wait for long. The children had the option to have a single marshmallow or if they waited for a longer period of time, they would be offered two marshmallows.

Many have defined prosocial behavior as voluntarily engaged as a means of helping or assisting another individual. There are a great many ways this can take place. Some examples could include sharing, donating, giving of one’s time/energy, and a litany of other mechanisms through which prosocial behavior can occur. 

Cognitive psychology has made use of patient case studies to understand cognitive processes. However, patient case studies heavily rely on generalizations that are a difficult issue to achieve on an exact basis when studying the brain. Using patient case studies to understand cognitive processes has both strengths and weaknesses as discussed above.

Dr. Phelan’s Magic vs. B.F. Skinner Parenting seems like a grueling task and there are many things that the individuals fail to do correctly when dealing with young children. Dr. Thomas Phelan’s book titled “1-2-3 Magic” specifically focuses on a disciplinary tactic that would help parents to deal with their children’s unruly habits; particularly those, who are between the ages of 2 and 12.

“Hurt People” is an intriguing piece of writing by Sandra Wilson containing a series of counseling for people who may be physically or emotionally hurt.  Covered on a green page to illustrate the domino contained in it, the coloration serves as a symbolic image depicting the content of the book on how hurt is being passed from one person to the other and how much hurt can be healed.

The human memory has over 14 billion cells. Scientifically, it alludes that this capacity allows man to store and comprehend anything which comes across his mind. Many psychologists have been puzzled severally and researches have been and is still being conducted to find out why the loss of memory occurs to an eyewitness after exposure to post events.

Social exclusion is a problem in today’s society. What social exclusion means is, basically, that there are marginalized people in society. This marginalization may be psychological or spatial. Everybody has a need to belong to a group, and this marginalization can be very painful. One example of social exclusion is discrimination and racism.

Sexual addiction is a common problem in the world today. Sexual addiction has become a major problem worldwide and continues to affect a lot of people due to the fact that people who have it have not received any help in the discussions. While people are ignoring the addiction, it continues to affect lives and cause disharmony in society.

Women are perhaps the individuals with the most controversial social issues due to associated stereotypical beliefs against them. One of these includes the idea that “they cannot do as good of a job as a man.” There are many reasons that we could actually say this, and they are tantamount to how we in general entertain the thought of a gendered society led by men.

We are all the result of our life experiences and those experiences differ for every individual. Much of what we perceive as being a certain way or that something is true is a matter of interpretation. We are subject to conditioning within our reality the parameters of which are often developed in childhood. 

Medical health counseling mainly involves working with individuals to ensure ideal mental and emotional health. As a counselor, I will handle different kinds of issues such as marital problems, stress management issues, effective parenting, and problems arising from teenage pregnancies. Therefore, the occupation mainly involves interaction with individuals of different characters.

Fathers have the right to spend some time at home when their children are born in order to bond with their infants. However, this time need not be necessarily stretched to six weeks unless the father feels the need to remain at home for that long. Cases in which businesses should allow new fathers to take paternal leaves of 6 weeks or more could be those involving sick or premature orphans.

According to the paper the variety of media has become large and the age in which children initially encounter the media has significantly reduced. Predominantly, the medium television plays a significant role in the socialization process and is typically available to American children even at the point of birth. The films that are popular in the American theaters come with mediated messages, standards, and values that touch on race and gender.

Ethnic identity is defined as a social category where one is most likely to be identified in terms of heritage, religion, culture and language attributes. These attributes are the ones that determine eligibility for membership and these attributes are acquired genetically, culturally or through historical inheritance.

Mention of Txiv needs amongst Hmong portrays prejudicial perspectives against the Hmong in favour of western medicine, and the failure of the two sides to agree on the way to go puts the blame on Lia’s parents for her brain death. In conclusion, Fadiman's book highlights several critical issues, such as cultural differences.

Alzheimer’s disease is a devastating disease that takes away the most imperative aspect of a person – their sense of self (Williams et al., 2010). The disease significantly impacts the patient, family, community, caregivers, and society as a whole. AD is a neurodegenerative disease that starts in the temporal lobe leading to memory deficits.

Concerns over the use of 3, 4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), also referred to by its street name ecstasy and Molly was first synthesized in 1910.  Since this time, MDMA has attracted a great deal of research with respect to the long-term effects that the use and overuse of this particular drug have upon the individual.  

Derek Sanderson Jeter is the name of an incredibly gifted American baseball player who as the New York Yankees captain and presently shortstop has amassed tremendous success and reputation to date. In this essay, I will scrutinize Jeter’s personality in reference to four major perspectives of personality psychology interestingly discussed by Friedman and Schustack in their book.

With an aim of strengthening the brand, I will guarantee product quality. I will ensure that my product continually performs well. I will thoroughly test all my products before introducing them to the consumer. I will randomly test the products to make sure that they are up to the level I expect. I will react quickly to client concerns.

Cognitive-behavioral therapy is the initial treatment for PTSD. The researchers hypothesize that prolonged exposure is more effective than present-centered therapy. Where prolonged exposure allows the participant to talk about the traumatic experience, present-centered therapy tries to help the participant reflect on his/her current life.

In a paper by Hankin et al. (2010), the authors set out to evaluate the rates of substance abuse and rates of intimate partner violence among African-American women brought to an urban emergency care unit. The study covered African-American women from 21 to 55 years of age seen in the emergency unit for any complaints.

According to the opinion of many researchers, violent video games require the participant to identify themselves with the aggressor and have a way of absorbing the participant completely in a world of make believe. In a study conducted by Craig A. Anderson, Ph.D., and Karen E.

The participants are asked to fill in a feedback form during the last session. This form collects information on the participant's change in daily life experiences as compared to when beginning the sessions. By using the information gathered during the last session and the information in the form, the participants’ growth is evaluated.

If a person has strived hard to reach a goal like applying for a certain job position and does not get it, he would rationalize to his family that he was not so interested in it after all. It is much like the fabled fox “sour-grasping”. This is an attempt to mask his utter disappointment and maintain an “unaffected” façade to the people around him.

Different people are motivated to accomplish certain goals through diverse means. Rewards are significant motivators for the directive drive to achieve particular objectives. It identifies some examples of the effective use of both internal and external rewards based on various articles of psychology.

Poverty can be defined as the lack of basic necessities in its most basic form. However, a more comprehensive definition of poverty states that it is the lack of basic as well as perceived needs. Basic needs comprise food, clothing, shelter, care and other such factors that are necessary for survival while perceived needs include needs that are derived from social and past experiences.

For a long time, psychology has employed scientific research to measure aspects of human personality and behavior. As such, various scales of psychological assessment have been developed to precisely and objectively measure these aspects.

Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD) is a psychiatric condition among children most recently described by DSM-IV as the early onset of abnormal social interaction, either indiscriminate or inhibited, that is caused by a certain etiologic agent, that cannot be considered as a result of developmental delay.

The current paper aims to investigate the impact of violence on television on increased aggressive behavior of children on the basis of available literature. The theories and evidences supporting the hypothesis that violent TV viewing does have a positive correlation with enhanced aggressive behavior of children are presented.

The history of intelligence testing reveals crude beginnings with limited application, progresses through the development of additional instrumentation with both specialized versions and more specific purposes, and lands at the contemporary proliferation of options for both testing and theoretically grasping intelligence in all of its forms.

Monroe has had worries about being susceptible to the emotional intimacy of other individuals. Unquestioning others and letting herself be recognized in an unfathomable way does not come easily for Marilyn. Sexual inhibitions may be a consequence of emotional vulnerability. Monroe has become self-centered and may be spontaneously secretive.

There are uncountable symptoms of psychiatric disorders; they include, for example, loss of concentration, difficulties in understanding logics and speech, drastic changes in sleeping. People having psychiatric disorders are sharply sensitive to smell, sound, sight, or touch. They have more illogical thinking and behave like children even in adulthood.

The Decisions of an Artist. Thinking about what one had become since the day he/she was born is something everyone can do during any decision-making experience, where one decides and reflects to come up with a decision, that could change his/her life. However, it is odd not to think that what one had been through is already that change.

Schulz (1971) studied aging individuals in a single nursing home to assess the degree to which predictability and control over positive events had positive outcomes in terms of psychiatric and physical health compared to those who either did not receive such positive events or those who received them only on a random schedule.

The paper tells that there are very many external factors, which are influencing our behavior and potential development of the relationship in case some behavioral changes occur. It cannot be denied that the scope of various researches and studies are helpful tools in the identification of a real essence of a love relationship and possible strategies for relationship management.

Emotions are one of the most essential parts of one’s personality. They are at the center of social psychology and are partly the reason why social psychology is so fascinating. While studying social psychology, I have come to realize that my emotions, affect my social world to a large extent. Not only have they affected me, but they have affected others around me as well.

Under some conditions, the self can gain self-esteem and become defined by an identity in which positive outcomes can be expected. More often, the dynamics of a group impress upon the individual different elements of meaning which relate to how the self is seen in relationship to the in-groups, those groups in which the individual is a member.

There is also the issue of studying the ableness of the human brain to handle and maintain thinking of the highest quality. This process is referred to as psychology. Psychology research involves trying to identify the social factors of the human brain and the biological theories and factors that underlie this process.

A career as a marriage and family therapist can be very rewarding. I have always wanted to help people and I notice that many people get married and later find themselves getting a divorce. The divorce rate is holding at 6.8% of marriages out of 1,000 cases of marriage in the United States (CDC, 2013).

It is common for any normal individual to avoid any risky circumstances of which he is aware. Taking that all the participants were normal and of sound mind, it is evident that indeed the IT workers who were subjected to high load gave away their information more susceptibly owing to the fact that the high load was affecting their normal thinking.