Psychology Essays

The scope and precise definition of the term Islamophobia is the subject of debate. Some scholars consider it to be a form of xenophobia or racism, some consider Islamophobia and racism to be closely related or partially overlapping phenomena, while others dispute any relationship; primarily on the grounds that religion is not a race.

The animal has no power over the two things that are related with the learning. The animal has no control over it’s environ in classical conditioning. On the other hand, in operant conditioning, the animal makes the connection linking things that take place at the same time in that environ. The animal learns to generate a consequence in an environment, frequently a reward.

Heroin is a semi-synthetic opioid drug synthesized from a derivative of opium poppy called morphine. The drug is used for medicinal purposes, recreational purposes and conducting heroin-assisted treatment. Apart from these legal uses, heroin is also peddled illegally and is sold on the streets to drug users. Heroin is highly addictive and its prolonged leads to addiction.

The incidence of autism in the United States among newborn babies is 1 out of 110. A new study performed in South Korea on autism suggests that the incidence of autism might be much higher in 2011 than it was estimated in the past. The study performed in South Korea revealed that 1 out of 38 children suffers from autism.

Depression is a major health problem in society and is associated with a number of health-related illnesses. Due to its prevalence, researchers have conducted intensive studies that have been aimed at having a better understanding of the disorder. Medical practitioners, on the other hand, have advised their patients to use various methods among them medical, physical, and psychological in dealing with the disorder.

The processes typically studied by Cognitive Psychology include Attention, Perception, Memory, Problem solving, Creativity and many other processes. Cognitive functions occur at every moment of every day; and thus are part of every human action.

Based on the above discussion, Mary’s behavior and actions can be understood in the context of the trait theory. The trait theory explains the fixed ways by which people think, behave, and how they emotionally respond. Eysenck’s personality theory includes three traits that can be used to explain Mary’s actions.

It is evidently clear from the discussion that the components of a healthy relationship include honesty, respect, trust, commitment, assertiveness, positive self-esteem, mutual/separate goals and interests, communication, and equality. There are skills that a person can acquire in order to be able to triumph in relationships.

Substance abuse or drug abuse occurs when an individual starts using a drug more than usual or for reasons other than medical treatment. These drugs do not necessarily have to be dependence causing drugs, such as heroine and hash. Everyday painkillers or other medicinal drugs could be taken in high dosages and be termed as substance abuse.

The study and understanding integrates theory, science, and clinical knowledge with the aim of understanding, relieving, and preventing psychological distress or dysfunction, in order to promote personal development and subjective wellbeing of an individual (Priestley & McGuire, 1983).

There are manifold phases of ethnic conflict, and most of these conflicts took place or were proliferating more than a few years after the downfall of the Soviet Union. These conflicts have been associated with claims represented in the method of declarations, presentation to and the sustenance of these purported claims by the populace.

The relative persistence of personality traits and issues noticed from the insider’s viewpoint does not mean that they are immutable phenomena. Indeed, as previous studies from our group and others have shown, appreciable changes in personality pathology are observable, even over intervals as brief as 6 months.

Put differently, the skills that children acquire at this point in time have a direct influence on their behavior when they grow up. The respective skills are in most cases influenced by the type of the environment that the children are exposed to at this particular time.

Where genetic determinants have not been conclusively identified, psychological stress factors as determinants of bipolar disorder have been inferred to be a rich research vein, in light of findings that implicate such stress factors to the disorder's onset and recurrence.

For a firm to sustain productivity and outdo the competition in service delivery, its internal stakeholders must be in the correct state of mind. The firm must play its role in the positive psychology of employees, and create a working environment that enables employees to be at their best state of mind for optimal productivity.

Every person fights to be happy. In fact, human life is about fighting for happiness. We fight to join the best colleges because we believe they give us an upper hand in getting the best jobs. We work extra hours to earn a lot of money because we believe money is an avenue to happiness.

Violence refers to extreme aggression being executed by physical or mental force and occurs when a person gets very angry and is not able to control his anger. Children are not able to control their emotions and thus when they begin to feel negativity, they tend to execute the same by physically acting upon their feelings and this tends to cause violence.

Capabilities of accessing each hemisphere in isolation or through processing in each different hemisphere among people are challenging. Holistic processing could be undertaken using varied forms of facial expression. In these instances, the brain will take time to recognize differences in expression if similar expressions are used.

Freud theorized instinctive drives and unconscious motivations rooted in the intrapsychic significantly affect the average person’s thoughts, emotions, feelings, and actions. Often, Freud insists that intrapsychic conflict that had not yet been successfully overcome precipitate to one’s sexually inappropriate behavior. 

Having this as the starting point, a unique knowledge base is gathered to address the raised issue. Generally, research has an aim to understand and explain a phenomenon. Via establishing the insights and general principles from the research can explain and predict what is likely to occur given a particular phenomenon.

Psychology can be regarded as a multiple discipline, which entails a variety of subfields such as human development, health, cognitive processes, sports, and clinical social behavior. Psychology also includes the study of the complex human mind and the interaction of human beings with one another in regard to their thinking patterns.

    Diary of an Anorexic Girl. Anorexia refers to the reduced sensation in a person’s appetite. Anorexia can also be used to refer to anorexia nervosa. There are a number of causes for a decrease in appetite, several of them may be harmless, while others may pose a tremendous risk or highlight a severe clinical condition.

The breakage of families has led to the creation of stepfamilies also known as blended families. FieldMose (2012), highlights that Blended families are those that have coupled with children from their previous marriages from either of them. They are families formed through the remarriage of divorced or widowed parents who have been left with children.

The initial cases of PTSD were most common in soldiers who had just been at war. The most interesting thing about PTSD is that the soldiers who were affected started to feel its toll once they were out of the battlefield. For as long as they were on the battlefield they were okay. This brings in the environmental angle in as far as PTSD is concerned.

Festinger and Carlsmith maintained the notion that individuals evaluate themselves and their beliefs based on the expectations of others. People would alter their beliefs or opinions accordingly depending on the strength of the opposing authority. The subsequent experiment was undergone to determine how much authoritative influence, if any, played a role in the compliance of subjects, and the ease at which they would disregard their personal beliefs for those of the majority.

The field of psychology describes various concepts that are highly relevant and have diverse applications. Individuals who have knowledge of such concepts can utilize them in solving intricate life challenges. This course has introduced me to various psychological theories and ideas. An important model that I have learned in one of the course modules includes the Social Cognitive Theory (SCT).

Abnormal Psychology Declaimer This study seeks to highlight Ludwig Van Beethoven’s psychological condition via using varied credible sources with an intention of creating an informative literature. Mainly, this entails utter evaluation of key sources’ content against the conventional argument presented by numerous and varied authors.

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) provides a detailed classification system for the diagnosis of mental health disorders. DSM-IV uses a five-axis model for the diagnosis and treatment options. DSM applies several criteria while defining obsessions and compulsions as per the following.

Knowledge of the physiological and neuroanatomical features of the psychiatric condition revealed several important brain processes, which when removed, may improve the clinical state of the disorder. In the 1950s, the emergence of chlorpromazine alongside later psychotropic medications lessened considerably the frequency of surgical operations

This chapter opens with the author describing in minute detail how he conducts sleep experiments, and in the process he discusses one of the machines vital to this research: the electroencephalograph. This machine, while necessary in observing the brain and body during sleep, is fairly simple in design and function.

Over time new research has managed to clarify that most of the children who undergo maltreatment and violence aimed at them have experiences of multiple forms of trauma. As the treatment area progresses, various studies have shown that few treatments appear to work pretty well in the different ranges of various traumas in children.

The main character of the movie that has PTSD is Major Bennet "Ben" Marco who had recurring dreams of what happened on his unit during the Gulf War. One of Maj. Marco's fellow soldier, Corporal Melvin had the same dream where he, Marco, and Shaw was in a big room with an incoherent recollection of their lost unit.

In that context, if I speak of my family, I simply have no idea of my biological family and for me family life primarily happened to be shuffling from many foster homes and shelters. Yet, I am proud to say that I made the best of what providence gifted to me and have been immensely successful in developing a balanced and poised personality.

Tests are used for several purposes, including the collection of opinions and ideas of the public about a specific topic of discussion. To get a set of test items, however, there are a series of activities and tasks that must be performed to ensure that the test items achieve the purpose for which they were set.

Psychology is not only a tool to better understand those around you—but it can also lead to increased influence. And while these persuasion skills are typically put toward research or counseling, they can also be useful in fields outside of the direct psychology world, such as marketing and advertising.

The analysis will focus on Rogoff school of thought, where brain development is determined at an early age. Memory plays a part in day-to-day activities and majorly depends on ones cognitive ability to develop. An analysis will determine whether the environment determine ones future ability.

From the assessment on Wanda’s family life, an intervention plan that is designed to strengthen her relationship with her three daughters and resolve the conflicts in the family would be an appropriate course of action in changing her aggressive behavior. With her case as a single parent who is burdened by responsibility in the family.

When two people are conversing, the content of the voices delivers not only the speech but other social information that enhances interaction and impression. Certain spoken words that do not express the language itself, such as mmmh, hah, prrrr, and many more are not English words but are used to shed more meanings in people's communication.

People usually conform to the peer pressure to resolve external conflicts such as social rejection. But to do so, people usually end up developing an internal conflict with one’s own standards.

I have had challenges in conflict resolution and thus I will discuss this concept in depth. To address this problem I will use assertion, listening and nonverbal communication concepts to address the conflict resolution problem. This paper discusses the concept of conflict resolution and how assertion, listening and nonverbal communication skills are used to address this issue.

The present research has identified that Postpartum Depression has a prevalence of about 20%-26% of young adolescent mothers who give birth. A similar prevalence has been observed in new fathers, with maternal depression being the most reliable predictor of paternal depression during the puerperium.

The researcher states that a person with depression has to face difficulties in his/her daily activities and cannot perform daily functions in a normal and regular manner. Depression does not only affect a single individual, but also his/her family and friends. Depression is also associated with many chronic diseases and this can lead to high rates of mortality.

This paper will examine the following research questions: (1) How do factors previously researched affect the online purchasing behavior of consumers and (2) what are the significant consumer behaviors both positive and negative that affect internet consumerism? By identifying these factors and variables, new strategies can be formulated.

Avoidant, dependent, or histrionic disorders appear to be the most frequent type of personality disorder in individuals with OCD. Personality disorders classified in Cluster C (avoidant, dependent, and obsessive-compulsive) are more common than Cluster A (paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal) or Cluster B personality disorders in OCD patients.

Cultural beliefs are transmitted by the use of words and language. Words alone are meaningless until they are applied within a designed context. For example stories and proverbs are frequently used to provide moral lessons that reflect the values from within the society.

However, an earlier study (Arnedt et al., 2005) found that the cognitive ability of sleepy neurology residents has the cognitive ability as that of people with blood alcohol content (BAC) of 0.04-0.05%. At 0.05% BAC, the vision is impaired. Specifically, there is impaired sensitivity to brightness, there is difficulty in the detection of colors, depth, and motion perception. Simple motor functions are also not as fluid as it is when sober.

The author states that it becomes evident that the school of thought following stream of consciousness in its work shares many similarities in the writings. All these writers observe delicacy and neatness of mind and environment all around them. All the writers of this school of thought complete the story with the help of least number of characters.

The World Health Organization (WHO) defined obesity as a disease characterized by excess body fat, as measured through a Body Fat Mass Index and this health condition associates it with other health related problems. Obesity is proven a lifestyle disease and is associated with cardiovascular diseases.

Sudden infant death syndrome is the sudden loss of life of an infant below the age of one year that cannot be explained by allusion to historical norms or even after causes-of-death examination mechanisms like an autopsy, studying of the scene of the occurrence and revisiting of the clinical history. The syndrome tops the charts in the list of causes of death for infants of the age mentioned above.

The RHI takes place when stimuli for all of these senses are coordinated enough to support the addition of the rubber hand to the body schema during multimodal integration. Botvinick and Cohen first uncovered the RHI in a 1998 study. Their experiment featured ten subjects who were seated with their left arm laid on an adjacent table.