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The increased incidence of counseling needs and psychological issues on returning, active duty, and inactive duty soldiers, the negative stigma that is oftentimes associated with seeking counseling, and the political desire to paint a favorable image of the military and the wars that have been fought;
This paper will attempt to provide a critical analysis of theories from Skinner and Bandura. It is curious to note that although B.F. Skinner and Albert Bandura both wanted to know how the individual changes behavior they went about it in different ways. Whereas B.F.
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The WRVH presents “a typology of violence” that explains the different circumstances in which violence might occur. It is useful in understanding the ways of interaction between different types of violence. According to this topology violence can be inflicted in four ways; physical, sexual, psychological attack and deprivation.
The information processing theory by Miller is very interesting. First, his concept of chunking and short-term memory proves challenging and informative. His idea of short-term holds 5- 9 chunks of data seems applicable in all spheres of life, thus forming the basis of subsequent memory theories (Miller, 1956).
Rape myth describes certain attitudes as well as beliefs which contribute to sexual violence through blame game. The blame game aims to shift sexual assault blame from the perpetrators to the victim. Some of the rape myths include; women provoke men to rape. Men cannot be raped. Women present false reports concerning rape.
Radical behaviourism was developed by B. F. Skinner and had the distinction of accepting mediating structures and emotions in behaviours. Skinner believed that the inner processes exist and are behaviours themselves and in need of explanation, but they do not have any role in the measurement, control and prediction of behaviour
This research aims to evaluate and present five steps on how to get over disappointment. These steps would be stated as follows: by making-up ones mind, figure out how to avert the same disappointment in future; stop going over the details; get on grossed in something to create fun and take the disappointment in strides.
The author states that psychotherapy allows understanding of human behavior thoroughly and provides unique propositions for the practice of counseling on the patients. Based on the cognitive behavior therapy, it has been obtained that thinking influences and affects behavior. Thus, thinking and feeling are significant measurements.
There are certain notable topics that resonated well with the interviewee during the interview. One aspect that came out strongly from his responses is the value of being physically active in an individual’s life. The interviewee repeatedly narrated some of his earlier physical life activities, which has enabled him to maintain his upright posture to date.
Overweight has been and is a disturbing issue especially in the United States where 65% of adults, 17% of young people, and about 1 in every 5 children are struggling with mass issues. Overweight is highly associated with so many diseases among them diabetes and cardiovascular disorders and therefore it is always advisable to keep our weight in check.
In this disorder, the patients do not have any underlying motive for the false portrayal of a disease and it is this point which has been laid as the differentiation factor of factitious disorder from malingering by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV-TR).
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It is therefore important to have consultation guidelines or frameworks to help suicide victims (Anderson, 2007). In any country, the government should work closely with counseling professionals to ensure that suicide victims receive help. Any strategy developed by the counselors integrates with other suicide prevention strategies to have a collective responsibility (Rachmnand et al., 2011).
Bipolar disorder is a psychiatric condition usually characterized by mood disorders by the affected individual. Many doctors and psychiatrists agree that bipolar disorder is a mood disorder characterized by lows and highs of moods (mania and depression), but they do not agree on the primary cause of the condition.
Factors Contributing to the Production of an Infant’s
Whereas the ability of infants to speak their first words might seem general, there are fascinating important things about children’s speech. It is without denial that infants are totally unaware of their environment and speech and this nature of mental blankness creates the first difficulty for language acquisition.
The author states that another issue that makes a certain employment practise a bona fide occupational qualification is the legality of the practise. In almost all professions, a holder of a position is required by law to perform some certain duties and responsibilities, these responsibilities cannot be separated from the profession.
Branch of pseudoscience stays alive due to the fact that those individuals involved in it fiercely believe their claims to be true; as such some of these individuals have been proven to falsify evidence and doctor pictures, footprints, and other types of “evidence” that helps to support their claim (Neckar 65).
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Depending on the character, psyche, and emotional feeling of these transient beings, their behaviors are depicted in how they walk through, avail of seats, and behave while seated with the rest of the passengers. These passengers could be professionals, workers, students, sports enthusiasts, and mere travelers, in a rush or simply on time for the ride.
Many people tend to ignore simple psychological challenges that they undergo without actually realizing that some of these problems can be directly attributed to their childhood experiences. The article mainly focuses on the mediation effect of neuroticism on the Relationship between Childhood Adversity and Adult Sleep Quality.
Although neural processes are of great interest within social neurosciences, little knowledge exists about the modulation of the brain’s emphatic responses by the effectiveness of the link between individuals (Singer et al 2006). In their research, they sought to prove that there are preferences responsible for the modulation of the emphatic responses.
Other than limbs, phantom pains and other sensations also occur for other amputated parts of the body. These may include the eyes, breasts, teeth, etc. The amputees have reported the missing limbs to feel shorter than normal and out of place or distorted. Phantom limb pains can be intensified by anxiety, stress, and weather changes.
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The negative tendency in the social development is reflected in the crisis of the family institute leveling the moral values and moral norms. The result is the increasing number of social orphans, child neglect, and delinquency. Now such item as addictive or deviant behavior has become widely used in the fields of pedagogy and psychology.
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The ushering of a new millennium saw the rise of numerous homeless people in the country today. Among these homeless people are actual war veterans who have served in the armed forces, who were eventually never reintegrated into society. Around 25%-46% of the homeless people’s population composed of war veterans.
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Learning theories have an influential effect in the attempts to decipher criminal behaviours. These theories play a central role in understanding crime. According to differential association theory, criminal behaviour occurs in a cultural conflict context characterized by increased criminal behaviour due to association with criminals.
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Personality disorders have been broadly classified into 10 specific types like a paranoid personality disorder, schizoid personality disorder, antisocial personality disorder, borderline personality disorder etc. (American Psychiatric Association, p.685). There can be many subcategories as well as distinct groupings involving these categories.
The young ones with disabilities look at life from a very pessimistic angle because they believe that their lives have come to an end, and that they cannot move ahead further in life. What is important to know is how they are able to sustain pressures within their folds and what more they could do to keep themselves mentally and physically strong.
The scope and precise definition of the term Islamophobia is the subject of debate. Some scholars consider it to be a form of xenophobia or racism, some consider Islamophobia and racism to be closely related or partially overlapping phenomena, while others dispute any relationship; primarily on the grounds that religion is not a race.
The animal has no power over the two things that are related with the learning. The animal has no control over it’s environ in classical conditioning. On the other hand, in operant conditioning, the animal makes the connection linking things that take place at the same time in that environ. The animal learns to generate a consequence in an environment, frequently a reward.
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Heroin is a semi-synthetic opioid drug synthesized from a derivative of opium poppy called morphine. The drug is used for medicinal purposes, recreational purposes and conducting heroin-assisted treatment. Apart from these legal uses, heroin is also peddled illegally and is sold on the streets to drug users. Heroin is highly addictive and its prolonged leads to addiction.
The incidence of autism in the United States among newborn babies is 1 out of 110. A new study performed in South Korea on autism suggests that the incidence of autism might be much higher in 2011 than it was estimated in the past. The study performed in South Korea revealed that 1 out of 38 children suffers from autism.
Depression is a major health problem in society and is associated with a number of health-related illnesses. Due to its prevalence, researchers have conducted intensive studies that have been aimed at having a better understanding of the disorder. Medical practitioners, on the other hand, have advised their patients to use various methods among them medical, physical, and psychological in dealing with the disorder.
The processes typically studied by Cognitive Psychology include Attention, Perception, Memory, Problem solving, Creativity and many other processes. Cognitive functions occur at every moment of every day; and thus are part of every human action.
Based on the above discussion, Mary’s behavior and actions can be understood in the context of the trait theory. The trait theory explains the fixed ways by which people think, behave, and how they emotionally respond. Eysenck’s personality theory includes three traits that can be used to explain Mary’s actions.
It is evidently clear from the discussion that the components of a healthy relationship include honesty, respect, trust, commitment, assertiveness, positive self-esteem, mutual/separate goals and interests, communication, and equality. There are skills that a person can acquire in order to be able to triumph in relationships.
Substance abuse or drug abuse occurs when an individual starts using a drug more than usual or for reasons other than medical treatment. These drugs do not necessarily have to be dependence causing drugs, such as heroine and hash. Everyday painkillers or other medicinal drugs could be taken in high dosages and be termed as substance abuse.
The study and understanding integrates theory, science, and clinical knowledge with the aim of understanding, relieving, and preventing psychological distress or dysfunction, in order to promote personal development and subjective wellbeing of an individual (Priestley & McGuire, 1983).
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There are manifold phases of ethnic conflict, and most of these conflicts took place or were proliferating more than a few years after the downfall of the Soviet Union. These conflicts have been associated with claims represented in the method of declarations, presentation to and the sustenance of these purported claims by the populace.
The relative persistence of personality traits and issues noticed from the insider’s viewpoint does not mean that they are immutable phenomena. Indeed, as previous studies from our group and others have shown, appreciable changes in personality pathology are observable, even over intervals as brief as 6 months.
Put differently, the skills that children acquire at this point in time have a direct influence on their behavior when they grow up. The respective skills are in most cases influenced by the type of the environment that the children are exposed to at this particular time.
Where genetic determinants have not been conclusively identified, psychological stress factors as determinants of bipolar disorder have been inferred to be a rich research vein, in light of findings that implicate such stress factors to the disorder's onset and recurrence.
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For a firm to sustain productivity and outdo the competition in service delivery, its internal stakeholders must be in the correct state of mind. The firm must play its role in the positive psychology of employees, and create a working environment that enables employees to be at their best state of mind for optimal productivity.
Every person fights to be happy. In fact, human life is about fighting for happiness. We fight to join the best colleges because we believe they give us an upper hand in getting the best jobs. We work extra hours to earn a lot of money because we believe money is an avenue to happiness.
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Violence refers to extreme aggression being executed by physical or mental force and occurs when a person gets very angry and is not able to control his anger. Children are not able to control their emotions and thus when they begin to feel negativity, they tend to execute the same by physically acting upon their feelings and this tends to cause violence.
Capabilities of accessing each hemisphere in isolation or through processing in each different hemisphere among people are challenging. Holistic processing could be undertaken using varied forms of facial expression. In these instances, the brain will take time to recognize differences in expression if similar expressions are used.
Freud theorized instinctive drives and unconscious motivations rooted in the intrapsychic significantly affect the average person’s thoughts, emotions, feelings, and actions. Often, Freud insists that intrapsychic conflict that had not yet been successfully overcome precipitate to one’s sexually inappropriate behavior.
Having this as the starting point, a unique knowledge base is gathered to address the raised issue. Generally, research has an aim to understand and explain a phenomenon. Via establishing the insights and general principles from the research can explain and predict what is likely to occur given a particular phenomenon.
Psychology can be regarded as a multiple discipline, which entails a variety of subfields such as human development, health, cognitive processes, sports, and clinical social behavior. Psychology also includes the study of the complex human mind and the interaction of human beings with one another in regard to their thinking patterns.
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Diary of an Anorexic Girl. Anorexia refers to the reduced sensation in a person’s appetite. Anorexia can also be used to refer to anorexia nervosa. There are a number of causes for a decrease in appetite, several of them may be harmless, while others may pose a tremendous risk or highlight a severe clinical condition.
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The breakage of families has led to the creation of stepfamilies also known as blended families. FieldMose (2012), highlights that Blended families are those that have coupled with children from their previous marriages from either of them. They are families formed through the remarriage of divorced or widowed parents who have been left with children.
The initial cases of PTSD were most common in soldiers who had just been at war. The most interesting thing about PTSD is that the soldiers who were affected started to feel its toll once they were out of the battlefield. For as long as they were on the battlefield they were okay. This brings in the environmental angle in as far as PTSD is concerned.
Festinger and Carlsmith maintained the notion that individuals evaluate themselves and their beliefs based on the expectations of others. People would alter their beliefs or opinions accordingly depending on the strength of the opposing authority. The subsequent experiment was undergone to determine how much authoritative influence, if any, played a role in the compliance of subjects, and the ease at which they would disregard their personal beliefs for those of the majority.