Psychology Essays

Will knowing what you are being tested skew survey results. This experiment seeks to determine whether priming influences skewing of survey results by testing the experimental hypothesis, which infers that priming participants into believing they are taking a feminist survey would cause them to score significantly higher than participants who were not primed.

Abnormal Psychology Abnormal psychology is a complex topic. There are different models of abnormality, and different classifications. The models of abnormality are medical, cognitive, behavioural and psychodynamic. The medical model assumes that abnormality may be treated like a physical disease.

According to the research findings, it can, therefore, be said that Gestalt psychology was also a part of Rogers' influence and it was already changing the way that humans were being seen. Gestalt psychology was a movement away from the behaviorists who wanted to believe that man's behavior was based on instinct rather than on his rational thinking.

Positivity represents a sort of kryptonite to the crippling power of stress. In terms of scientific reasoning, the text presents a number of theories. One of the most prominent is that of the placebo effect, wherein the individual’s actual demeanor improves through an irrational belief in an aspect of life that gives them improved compunction.

Urie Bronfenbrenner identified four specific systems that have a direct influence on the development of children and adolescents. Bronfenbrenner believed in the nurturing philosophy of psychology, suggesting that every aspect of a child’s total development begins with the influence of externalities in their lifestyle.

Professional Limitations One should know and explore one`s own professional limitations, because it is this awareness that makes us better professionals. When dealing with children one should be even more cautious, in order to protect a young life and help discover ways to possibly eliminate any wrongs we can eliminate.

Flora (2004) states that; subjects or individuals modify their behaviour as a result of the association between a particular behaviour with a given stimulus. Operant conditioning only applies to voluntary responses where the behaviours of individuals are triggered, controlled and maintained by their consequences.

The humanistic approach clearly rejects scientific methodologies such as experiments and focuses on qualitative research methods such as unstructured observations, unstructured interviews and open-ended questionnaires. This approach is advantageous in researching at the individual level to determine how people think and feel.

According to gestalt therapy, the most important requirement for a person to achieve the ‘wholeness’ is for him to take the ‘responsibility of his existence. At the same time, gestalt theory also emphasizes that it is a person’s ‘ability to respond’ to his environment that helps him in taking the ‘responsibility.

It is important for infants to survive in healthy and safe environments. The infant’s development is directly related with various genetic and environmental factors. If the conditions are not optimal then hereditary diseases, exposure to negative environmental factors and lack of proper nurturing can create tremendous disadvantage in an infant’s development.

Whites who harbour this type of prejudice are also less probable to gain from psychotherapy. Blacks on the other hand are subject to low self-esteem and lowered life satisfaction, feelings of trauma. The growing impact of psychological strain and stress of racism may also have negative somatic vigour impacts n Black Americans.

According to psychology today, bullying can be defined as a “distinctive pattern of deliberately harming and humiliating others” (Psychology Today). However, this is in many ways a clinical definition. To many, who have been bullied taken part in the bullying, it is more than just a pattern; it can be culture, a lifestyle, and even an addiction. 

 Cognitive psychology refers to a branch of psychology dealing with the study of mental processes, which includes how human beings learn, process, and store the learned information for future use. This discipline of psychology has a close relationship with a number of disciplines, including philosophy, linguistics, and neuroscience (Gentner 332). 

Assessment of Mental State for Insanity Plea. In most of the criminal trials, there is a form of defense where defendants often claim that they are not responsible for the actions due to some mental problems that are health based. This calls for forensic psychologists to evaluate the scenario and determine whether the claims are genuine or non-genuine.

Stress in the organization or what is known as work-related stress is the reaction which workers may feel or experience when presented with the pressures and demands of the job that are not comparable to their knowledge and abilities which interferes with the worker’s ability to cope or withstand it.

However, the considerable increase in adults enrolling in higher institutions of learning calling for extensive research in this area. Numerous factors are resulting from this trend among adult learners. This is following the projections made by various researchers stating that the number of adult learners is likely to increase gradually shortly.

 Since the females and males have different reproductive systems, then the arousal affects the genitals differently. On average, the time taken by men to become aroused is shorter, compared to women. Steve and Nadia need to understand this since they are partners of different sexes. Steve should try and slow down during a sexual activity and know.

Adolescents are one of the most remarkable stages, perhaps due to the social, cognitive, emotional, and social changes that one undergoes. As a result of these changes and developments, adolescences are a momentous stage, characterized by numerous advances in all spheres of an individual’s life (Berk, 2012).

For common man’s understanding, all these aspects of sex and gender are very complex. For example, a person may be born female (sex), but she does not possess or exhibit all the gender attributes, like the lesbians, or a person can be born male, but he does not possess the masculine attributes or behavior, such as the gay men or even the heterosexuals.

According to the article, the girl gives in to the pain of her father and supports the ideas of assisted suicide. Her father was diagnosed with a metastatic head and neck cancer, which with the passage of time worsened, until a time came when he was made to swallow food through the tube.

 Both men have detractors but still contributed useful knowledge to the field of child psychology. Both Jean Piaget and Erik Erikson contributed theories of childhood development to the study of psychology. Their theories, in effect, describe the progression of knowledge acquirement that children go through.

The use of media in the society provides a path for socializing, cognitive development of the youth, emotional expression, thus it defines the way a person would spend his time. The advent of internet led to social networking which has rapidly grown in the recent past.

As cited in Fathers and Mothers at Play With Their 2 and 3-Year-Olds: Contributions to Language and Cognitive Development, “Limited resources, unstable employment, and inadequate education often make it difficult for fathers to establish and maintain positive and emotionally supportive relationships with their children”

The issue of drugs and the juvenile has been a heated debate for the past decades. This paper will focus on the significance of drug use among juveniles in the United States. It will also analyze the relationship between drug use and delinquency. Risk factors and effective means of combating the menace will also be analyzed.

Psychiatrists enjoy the right to prescribe medications given the fact that they have medical degrees but psychologists do not fully enjoy this privilege. Psychologists only enjoy limited privilege in prescribing and a few activists in the psychology profession have for a long time struggled to expand prescription privileges for psychologists.

Habituation from the psychological perspective is defined as the diminishing of a conditioned reaction following repeated exposure to the habituated or rather conditioned stimulus. This is a procedure that is repeated a couple of times in a definite situation. The more people execute an action they become accustomed to it.

Each human being experiences a level of consciousness but defining how this result has presented numerous challenges. Neuroscientists have tried to construct models that can help in understanding how consciousness results (Campbell, 2002). This paper will highlight the current neuro-models and the theories that neuroscientists have put forward to explain consciousness.

People who are diagnosed, as patients of ASPD have to be first diagnosed with Conduct Disorder before the age of 15, this is important because ASPD is a strictly lifelong disorder that is evident from childhood. Conduct Disorder is characterized by destruction of property, robbery, violence towards animals and other people and abusing rules.

As opposed to what she is widely known today, that is, a murderer, Susan was recognized to have a very cool, cordial personality. As a matter of fact, she was well-liked in school and was an outgoing student. In her final year in high school, she was conferred the award “Friendliest Female” because of her fun and joyful character.

Aggressive Behavior, on the other hand, is a descriptive of any actions that are performed with the intention of injuring or hurting other people emotionally or physically (Ekman, 2004). Human beings develop both of these behaviour patterns as a result of their personal inclinations as well as by observing the people around them.

Biopsychology provides a way for potential answers based on scientific observations, evidence, and studies rather than assumptions and personal beliefs. The brain is useful in biopsychology tests. Evidence from biopsychology has been able to confirm that there is a biological basis for how a person’s gender character develops.

The exclusion criteria will involve multiple and lengthy sentences exceeding the period of 2 years. Also, subjects that have been diagnosed with severe cases of depression will also be excluded as the research mainly relies on the subject’s objective evaluation of causes behind their behavior and repercussions of such behavior.

While the 20th century witnessed the advent of a broad range of personality and developmental theories the vast majority of approaches were predicated on the foundational methodology of behaviorism, psychoanalytical and cognitive models. While all three models work to answer core fundamental psychological questions, they also differ in fundamental ways.

Name Course Tutor Date Introduction Lesbian and gay couples often face unique challenges attributable to workplace discrimination. Hegemonic heterosexist system in workplace promotes sexual prejudice against gay and lesbians. Discrimination is often based on personal qualities unrelated to work performance.

The author states that infancy is also called the Oral Sensory Stage; children direct anything that they put their hands on into their mouths. The chief focus of this stage is the loving and positive care of the mother to infant. Further, touch and visual contact are also of paramount importance to the infant.

Romney grew up in a white, privileged home and seems to have been taught different values. He understands the privileged class and perhaps this is why he has a more self-interest way of thinking. In my opinion, this has nothing to do with a political party and more to do with the men and their strengths as leaders. 

Participants of the study were divided into two groups, the immediate and the delayed group, who were asked to retain the images after two days. Results of the study showed that the immediate group showed more retention compared to the delayed group. Generally, the research paper of Ray and Reingold (2003) could be evaluated as somehow satisfactory in terms of its ability to gather information relative to their study to how long-term memory could be very well effective.

Verbal overshadowing has been implicated in the nonperformance of tasks in sports, education, and other areas of knowledge and experience. What is the reason behind the idea that talking about how something was done eventually reduces its chances of being performed again just as well? Insights on verbal overshadowing were discovered in 1990.

The specific part of the brain related to problems in face perception is the fusiform gyrus. It is the particular anatomy that gets activated when recognizing appearances. This paper delves into two researches related to prosopagnosia. Bate, Haslam, Tree, and Hodgson wrote a report entitled Evidence of an Eye Movement-Based Memory Effect in Congenital Prosopagnosia (2007).

Narcissism is a term that has been derived from the clinical description in the year 1899. Initially, it denoted the attitude of an individual “who treats his own body in the same way in which the body of a sexual object is ordinarily treated”. The person generally spends a long time looking at her own body and doing activities like fondling one’s own self.

A COMMON WORKPLACE SITUATION-ABSENTEEISM IN A FAST FOOD CHAIN Abstract The objective of this paper is to describe a common workplace situation within an organization and how to deal with that situation. It describes how the situation of absenteeism may arise in a fast-food chain of restaurants, the meaning and causes behind absenteeism, and methods to overcome it.

The author states that aristotle believed that soul is realizing one’s own natural body in its entirety. This means that all our psychological states are connected closely as well as the psychological processes that follow. Soul and body are therefore one and the same life wax and an impression formed on it.

Any relationship can best be understood and described by the person(s) involved. The use of standardized instruments can inform a researcher about the direction and the intensity of emotional response can help draw a list of important events and can help classify the experience into one of many categories.

The document shall conclude by applying the information gained from three of the above learnt facts problem solving. In one of the lectures, (behavioral genetics), I learnt the fact that, almost all personality traits have both biological and environmental bases.

Autism is characterized by various difficulties in interactions, as well as certain repetitive patterns of interests and behaviors. Autism is marked by preserved cognitive and linguistic developments. Whereas atypical language use and clumsiness are also associated with the condition, they have not used diagnosis features for the condition.

When determining what shapes a person’s personality, he believed that there were three major factors -instinctual needs, rational thinking, and moral standards. He theorized that when these forces were at the unconscious level and could not be brought forth by a conscious decision it is called an abnormal behavior.

During my childhood, some of my background group’s values and identity included conforming to kosher laws, the importance of raising a family, identifying with religious values and adherences, as well as male chauvinism. The identity value, which was anchored in the traditional Jewish family set-up that I was brought up, was the key determinant of my ego as well as my sense of identity.

The study could include subjects with no histories of substance abuse or neurological disorders. Based on the findings of previous studies, it can be expected that negative emotions such as fear or sadness may enhance the vivid recall-ability of emotional aspects of an event rather than positive emotions such as happiness.

If the cognitive appraisal is realistic, it will never trigger negative emotions and the behavior will definitely not be aggressive. I have worked on my cognitions and schemas a lot by now. I now attempt to understand and explain all faulty behaviors in light of my cognitions and I try my best to rectify these cognitions if I diagnose a fault in them.

Pat Hartman (2011) has pointed out that, “children as young as one year are on psychoactive medications because of ADHD” (Hartman). Today’s children and adolescents are equally vulnerable to mental problems such as Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Bipolar disorders, delusions, hallucinations, anxiety etc.