Psychology Essays

Breastfeeding is increasingly known to provide substantial benefits compared to commercialized and formulated milk for growing infants. In fact, these products usually have labels emphasizing breast milk is still best for growing babies. Substantially discusses potential advantages that at some point are both beneficial to mother and child.

Older women may be in a difficult situation as compared to men for a variety of reasons. According to Abalos et al. (2006), these reasons include but are not limited to sophisticated career trajectories, for instance, workforce inequality, employment patterns that are broken, and part-time employment (p. 159).

Evaluation on Psychological Inquiry Methods: Qualitative and Quantitative Researches Introduction The qualitative and quantitative research methods are said to be types of research methods that are use as inquiry modes (Kumar, 2005). However, both methods could be combined and be called as mixed methods.

This can be attributed to egocentric biases that lead to an impression that we are special compared to others. The self-serving sentiments allow us to image that unlike others, we are above average. Most people perceive evil to be a quantity that is inherent in some people but not in others.

 Despite Oprah Winfrey not being on TV screens daily following the end of her talk show in 2011, she remains among the world’s headlining billionaires. With the much interest elicited among scholars on charismatic and transformational leadership theories with regard to organizational research, Oprah offers an appropriate illustration for this article. 

It came to my knowledge that she was the attendant who was in charge of welcoming the visitors and giving them direction into the room. She asked for an explanation about who we were. We let her know that were students seeking to learn more about AA meetings.

The efficiency of cognitive functions and factors that determines it is, therefore, core to social science, and significant studies, with supportive theories, have been conducted in the field of study. Semantic memory is one of the cognitive studies and relates to rationale and linguistics such as an understanding of conceivable meaning between words.

This therapy may not be perfect, but it has more accrued strengths than weaknesses. For instance, they are very instructive. This follows that the clients are given systematic procedures for rational counselling. They can thus develop self-counselling skills, which will guide them throughout their therapy skills.

Prism adaptation is described as a phenomenon that the motor system adapts new visuo-patial coordinates instituted by prisms that displace the actual visual fields. When the prisms are eliminated, the strength of the adaptation can be measured through the spatial deviation of the motor actions in an opposite visual displacement developed by prisms, a process referred to as an aftereffect.

The main reason for selecting the case of Martin Jr. for this project is because his early development, family background, upbringing, and environmental influences during his mid-adolescence’s growth stage years has surprisingly molded him to become one of the best leaders in the US Civil Rights Movement.

The researcher states that it is heartening to realize that a teen movie such as Mean Girls can illustrate social psychology concepts. The three concepts discussed in this paper are just a few examples. It goes to show that teen issues reflect such concepts because teenagers are in the delicate stage of forming their personalities in high school.

According to psychiatric research, 1 in every 65 of a population is subjected to a given degree of severe mental illness. Observable symptoms of the patients include obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), major depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, panic disorder, bipolar disorder schizophrenia, (PTSD), and borderline personality disorder.

Behaviorism is the use of science to determine the tendencies of individuals, depending on their current environment and situation. The main goal of behaviorism is to predict and control some of the tendencies exhibited by people. The use of behaviorism in psychology has had its fair share of criticism.

The thesis of this essay is: the two works in discussion can be taken as moral lessons for those of us who tend to distrust fellow humans, either due to lack of goodwill or prejudice or false beliefs. The following paragraphs will weigh up points in support of this thesis as well as those countering it.

The birthday is cake is a quasi-universal symbol of the birthday celebration. In many circumstances, a birthday celebration is not complete without a birthday cake, however; we all objectively know that it is possible. But growing up, we had been conditioned to believe that a birthday cake is synonymous with having a birthday.

As the report, Family Psycho-Education in First Episode Psychosis, declares international clinicians and researchers refer to this as the prodromal period which commonly precedes psychotic disorders. With that, professional intervention has been indicated in this early stage of psychosis to maximize treatment outcomes.

Unlike other social sciences, psychology is a sphere of scientific study that keeps revolving around the conduct and mental processes taking place in an individual’s mind. In addition, psychology also specifies the relevance of such information to different fields of human activities that involve the day-to-day problems of an individual’s routine life and the various methods to cure bad health of the mind.

The conclusion states that Bronfenbrenner’s ecological paradigm integrates all levels of influence on child development to evaluate the root and also the key to quite a few of the mounting emotional and behavioral issues encountered nowadays. The most important and valuable feature of this paradigm is that concerned individuals can work together to nurture and raise children.

Job analysis is the ‘process used to identify and determine in detail the job duties and requirements and their importance in a given job’ (HR Guide). Employees are important in an organization as they determine the success of the business. If the right employees are not hired for the right jobs, the business will not operate effectively as it experiences low productivity, high labor turnover and poor performance.

The more that is learned about multiple murderers, the more the various types of offenders are classified and studied. Multiple murders can be mass murders, like Hitler, Stalin, or Qu’adaffi, or they can be people like Ted Bundy or Gary Ridgeway—fairly non-descript and whose only claim to fame is that they are serial killers.

The scenario family clearly shows signs of a family in crisis. While it is not stated, John and Mindy seemed to have learned how to cope with issues from their parents. Alcoholism and avoidance are transmitted coping techniques included in Bowen’s theory of multigenerational transmission process.

People raised in different environments may eventually end up having similar character traits though acquired through different means. In addition, knowledge is acquired in such a way that though its source can be traced, one does not need to remember the source for knowledge to be applied effectively.

Human beings in general tend to respond to the requirements of their engagements. It is a common observation and phenomenon that how jobs are designed and presented to employees will contribute to or define the results and outcomes from the laborer's perspective more especially job satisfaction through motivation.

Each person is created uniquely. Sometimes a person may wish that he would be somebody else to have a better life or a better family. Sometimes a person would just want to be known. It is quite uncanny for a writer to write false information in the newspaper or any material with such credibility just to be known.

The role of stress in exacerbating and precipitating illness is a well-established concept. Research through the decades has continued to demonstrate various ways in which psychological and physical stress can damage the physiologic functioning of various body organs and tissues, as well as affect the working of the mind.

The question of perception and performance raises interest about the role of perceptual stimuli in determining which task is undertaken; the task at hand or distracting tasks. Evidence shows that a high conscious perceptual load for a task at hand forms visual blindness against competing distraction stimuli.

Both of them are different from each other; effective promise reflects that the task is of more worth than the reward, whereas effective threat is the one in which task is performed since the threat invloved in not performing the task is significant for the performer and therefore he or she forcefully completes that particular task.

The drop in serious violent crime among youth in the face of the rising popularity of video games shows a positive side of the picture but the other side is pretty grim as the “tragic school shootings” are also linked with the games and the aggression they induce (Harvard Health Publications, 2010).

Gender identity in children is studied by various researchers and identified in different methodologies. The gender identity develops in a child under influence of various factors about which different approaches reveal their own findings. In this paper we shall take up and discuss two theories relating to child gender identity and its development.

In Julius Caesar’s case, a Roman doctor was able to tell the wound that lead to his death out of the twenty-three stab wounds. In the 1800s, forensic science had taken a new outline. Psychologists had started categorizing criminals based on sex, age, physical appearance, geographical location, and level of education.

Prior to implementing child abuse policies, one must first understand what is meant by the term ‘child abuse. There are numerous ways of defining the term, and most of them are dependent on the laws and regulations of the country. The variation of definitions and cultural diversity make it difficult for all the cases of child abuse to be reported.

The old beliefs of self-esteem are obsolete, and parents are required to discard this concept as well for the benefit of their child. Despite the fact that experts used to held low self-esteem responsible for everything from bad ranks to illegal activities, studies has proved that high self-esteem is more frequently the cause.

These results confirm a significantly low degree of variability in the three anti-saccade task performances (correct response in each task). Mu and Sig values were observed for both left and right eye movements in the three anti-saccade tests for each participant. The Mu and Sig value results of all the participants were convergent.

Leonard Berkowitz's books include Aggression: A Social Psychological Analysis (1962) and Aggression: Its Causes, Consequences, and Control (1993).  Berkowitz held the position of editor for a series of books called Advances in Experimental Social Psychology from 1962 until 1987. In this article, Berkowitz aims to define what evil is, differentiating it from what is bad or wrong. 

The researcher claims that drugs produce changes in a teenager’s body that causes one’s body to desire the drug again to get the feeling, a process known as addiction; which is the hurdle that counsellors have to overcome. The main cause of concern is that parents believe its okay for their children to take alcohol.

The symptoms of PTSD that can be diagnosed include the re-experiencing of the real trauma through nightmares, flashbacks, increasing arousal, and staying away from the stimuli that are linked to the trauma. A diagnostic criterion that is formal, demands that the symptoms and effects last for a period longer than a month

Prospective memory is used by most people daily to plan tasks and attend to them. But the use of prospective memory takes a toll on cognitive resources. The effort involved in remembering the task and the time at which it needs to be performed require effort which detracts from the resources available for ongoing tasks.

According to the report teaching students with learning disabilities is a process which involves lots of disputes. Ample research had been carried out on the field for the past few decades. There are various scientific reasons for a child’s brain functioning slowly than others. The methods are suggested with reference to specialized researches.

In terms of assessment, psychological studies of memory are relevant and useful in understanding eyewitness testimony. Research showed that witnesses have better memories of a crime compared to the memories of the victims. Often, the eyewitness memory is increased when natural disasters or crime crops up.

The current findings contain four vital goals: to record the pervasiveness of criminal behavior, grown up criminality together with aggression in a fresh group of ill-treated and abandoned children plus coordinated controls that signify a divergent ecological section, time, as well as ethnic composition.

In the modern community setting, the need for external agencies can be examined in order to improve the parent-children relationship. Children who have been facing problems due to instability in family aspects are often de-motivated which further hampers their self-confident by a significant extent.

The public was not educated as to tell between mental illness and ordinary sadness and only perceived the extreme behavior as mental illness. Mental illness was associated with a great deal of social stigma and particularly linked with the fear of violent and unpredictable behavior (Phelan, Link, Stueve and Pescosolido).

Grief, isolation, low self-image and self-worth, addiction and disturbed sleep are the profound patterns of social anxiety and depression that have been found creeping rapidly into human society. Every year, 5000 American young adults commit suicide and suicide is the third global leading death cause, says the U.S. Centers for Disease Control. Moreover, 121 million people are affected by depression worldwide.

Clark and his co-authors have classified the common predictors of adolescent drug and alcohol use into environmental risks, phenotypic risks and heritable factors (Clark et al., 2010). These three broad factors have different relations among themselves. This paper primarily focuses on identifying and describing family-related, peer-related and individual characteristics that have been shown to correlate with drug and alcohol abuse of the adolescent.

A majority of studies according to Nadler and Stockdale (282) have focused on bias among strangers at an individual level and the cultural level, indicating a pro-male bias, especially when there is incongruence between gender and work roles. As such, this article seeks to inform on organizational level gender bias.

Research on children in violent areas and other countries that are ridden with violence shows that more children who children in violent areas have a tendency to take matters in their hands to clear the situations in which they find themselves.

Regardless of the approach that is used, seeking to state that a given psychological therapy is better or more effective in any and all situation is ultimately an exercise in futility.  Even though many of these approaches have been around for a relatively long period of time, they have been employed and leveraged within the situations.

Contrary to many expectations, a good number of children develop interest in opposite sex roles and characters that persist over time. It does not however define a child’s sexual orientation in the early stage because intricate cycles of psychological factors and experience that would support the theory may not exist, but chances of paraphilia developments, especially the Fetishism and Transvestic Fetishism cannot be nullified either.

This is a hypothetical therapy case involving an elderly husband seeking therapy because his wife has Alzheimer's disease. The elderly husband also has information that his grandson is physically and verbally abusive though he has not witnessed this. Notably, Alzheimer's disease is a dementia characterized by problems in thinking, behavior, and memory.

For example: as a child, I learned the difference between right and wrong when I was either scolded for concentrating more on leisure time and rewarded when I scored high in exams. According to the second stage, an individual distinguishes between right and wrong when he/she is labeled as good and bad for his/her activities.