Psychology Essays

The concept of learning has much to do with the interaction of information or experiences and how it is manifested in the subjects’ actions. These actions may include, but are not limited to the answering of set questions of carrying out a task, and, it changes the way one, interprets, reacts and interacts with the stimuli they come across ultimately influencing behavior.

: Academic Resilience Introduction A majority of works on disadvantaged and minority students, who are at a higher risk of sub-optimal educational results than their peers, center on the determinants of underachievement (Driscoll, 2006). However, this paper is complementary and instructive.

When the terms kink and BDSM are used, they usually convey a host of implications. Many of these implications are invariably negative. Likewise, due to the fact that kink and BDSM represent such a broad range of activities that only the most negative connotations of the term are often considered when the topic is brought up.

Psychological disorders are the greatest challenges in the field of psychology and medicine. Psychological disorders create problems not only for a person who is suffering from it but also creates problems for people in his family. One such psychological disorder that causes great distress in a patient’s life is an obsessive-compulsive disorder.

The therapy has at this stage not been able to capture his anxiety over his lost wife as he still expresses the desire to be reunited with her again. This is comparable to chasing the wind and it is my responsibility as a therapist in the following sessions that he accepts the situation as it is and obtains a positive outlook in life.

It was Gordon Allport, the famous Harvard psychologist who first attempted to define the term prejudice. In his published report "The nature of prejudice 1954": Allport described prejudice as an antipathy that happens to be primarily based on inflexible and faulty generalization (Pelinka, Bishchof and Stögner, 2009).

Dissociate disorder is a condition that causes the failure to integrate different aspects of identity, memory, and consciousness (WHO, 1992). It is characterized by the presence of two or more distinctive identities which control the behavior of an individual recurrently. At least two of the personalities take control of the person’s behavior.

Traumatic stress is said to produce a normal feeling of fright, sadness, anxiety, and a sense of being disconnected. In some cases, some people can hardly get over the various stresses linked to the traumatic events, resulting in a recurring upset, and allowing them to be always reminded of the painful memories or the associated danger of what has occurred to them.

Lawrence Kohlberg developed a theory that explains the development of moral reasoning in children in which he outlined six stages in three core levels of moral development. In essence, Kohlberg’s theory postulates that moral development is a continuous process that occurs throughout the lifespan(Jorgensen, 2006).

Psychologists such as Abraham Maslow came up with the humanistic perspective that emphasizes that human behavior is shaped by people making rational decisions about their lives. Progressively cognitive psychologists such as Jean Piaget started studying the mental processes of human beings, such as thinking and memory.

In the books he wrote subsequently, Erikson expanded his theory. Erikson’s model is described with various terms that include but are not limited to Erikson’s bio-psycho-social theory, and Erikson’s human development cycle. Each of these terms indicates eight stages of the psychosocial theory, which is the most remarkable and distinct model proposed by Erikson.

Love is a complex concept and not just an easy affair as people tend to view it. Some people have held the notion that the ideal relationship especially between people who love each other is one where sex is involved. Sex has been viewed as the glue to all relationships. In this essay, I differ from that notion as my experience has proven otherwise.

What are the suicidal risk factors for older adults? Suicide, among the older adults is a worrying trend. The aging population consists of 12% of the total population in United States of America (Marcovitz, 2010). There older population, are more likely to commit suicide than younger people, and this is because of their vulnerability to depression and other chronic illness.

The paper also emphasizes a definite illumination of the relationship between history and social psychology, by comparing and contrasting the historical influences of social psychology. Historical Influences of Social Psychology Social psychology has become one of the most important areas in modern studies and it combines the theories of sociology and psychology to deal with how human thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, etc are determined by the social factors such as the presence of other people.

However, what is culture?  Culture consists of values, norms, traditions, customs, and knowledge that are oftentimes influenced by political, social, economic, and spiritual conditions to some extent. However, there is an inevitable fact that it is humans who have the innate capacity to determine, construct and implement culture.

The society has its norms, which helps in defining human morals. Largely, the society watches the action that a person takes when handling any issue. The society condemns or praises a person based on the action he or she takes to solve an issue. This paper explores gender and moral development.

The State Boys Rebellion written by Michael D’ Antonio is an eye-opening narration about a group of boys who experience harsh circumstances while being at Fernald State School located in Massachusetts. The story is based on truth. After reading the story, a lot can be concluded.

Pharmacy Admission Essay. This paper focuses on evaluating two sources related to an investigation about the working memory capacity; and how it contributes significantly to the individual differences in online processing. This is in relation to sleep- dependent declarative consolidation of the memory.

In order to augment the base of 108 patients covered by the occupational Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) study series of Dr. Sara Cox in the Institute of Work, Health and Organisations at the University of Nottingham, UK, solicitations to join a mailed survey were posted to 300 NACC members carefully balanced by gender and for presenting with either Crohn’s or colitis. 

Animals, from single-cell to multicellular display conditioning behavior. Classical conditioning or Pavlov's conditioning is a kind of reward-oriented conditioning. Pavlov's conditioning involved a stimulus, i.e. the ringing of the bell which is correlated with the elicitation of the salivation process as the dogs anticipated reception of food such actions are not controlled by the brain.

William syndrome is seen in newborn babies, but all the features of the disease do not appear by birth. Some of the features of William syndrome are delayed speech, development delay in both physical and mental field, feeding problem, mental retardation, and typical facial structure. Couples have to pay extra attention to the newborn baby.

Altruism refers to the practice of showing concern for the welfare of another individual, the opposite of which is being selfish or self-centered. In other words, it is practiced when someone sacrifices something in order to give it to someone else who might need it more; for example, giving alms and money to the poor. 

The consistency and stability of the results ensure that the facts are straight and comprehensible. The validity of the results means that the presentation must be based on the true nature of the fact findings. This implies that; how well a test used to measure what it is intended to measure should be accurate and reliable by the researcher.

 Screening instruments or tools are described as instruments that are invented to recognize children and teenagers who are at-risk of developing psychological health challenges or anxieties. The children in this context are likely to benefit from several in-depth measurements.

My lot in life is a child suffering from Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and it is a medical term that is used to define a neurobiological condition or disease that affects close to 12 per cent of children in the world. The condition has impairing levels of hyperactive/impulsive or inattentive behaviour.

Interviewee: I am Lourdes Smith, 45 years old, and working as a caregiver to an old woman who is currently 70 years of age. I have been working long hours which frequently extend beyond 12 midnight and I had to get up every now and then during the wee hours of the night to attend to some health concerns of the person I am taking care of.

With more than two billion adherents, Christianity is arguably the largest religion in the world. The religion draws its doctrines from the teachings of Jesus Christ who they believe is the son of God and was a real human. The name of the religion thus arises from the name of Jesus whose teachings and experiences on earth influenced the development and spread of the religion.

The treatment of her condition was similar to what is stated in this paper. The two main treatments used for her were cognitive behavior therapy and medication. In the former category, Jessica was trained on how to reconstruct her thoughts. Positive thinking has an effect in mitigating suicidal thoughts and boosting one’s morale.

Short-term memory plays an important role in the comprehension of language (Rumelhart, Lindsay, and Norman, 1972), long-term learning (Waugh and Norman, 1965), and problem-solving (Hunter, 1964). The experiments conducted by George Miller hold a special significance in the discussion of short-term working memory.

Think back to your early/middle elementary school years. What people in your life were the main influences on your developing sense of 'what it meant to be a boy or a girl? Consider and compare the typical activities you engaged in with a significant adult of the same sex, with those you shared with a significant adult of the opposite sex.

The biological makeup of a person may simply be referred to as the functioning of the various human organs. In several ways, these organs and their functions influence our experiences – thus our behaviour. The very first of such ways in which biology influences our experience in our quest for survival.

What are attitudes? Discuss psychologists' attempts to explain attitude formation and change. Attitudes are relatively permanent evaluations that are made and used in understanding the world around us. According to Baron (1997; pp. 112), an attitude is a “lasting evaluation of the social world”.

According to the paper the health psychologists work along with medical professionals and try to find out the reasons and patterns in the effects of behavior factors, such as lifestyle, stress, health beliefs etc., on public health. They also consider social conditions like cultural influences, family relationships, social supports etc.

Psychological researchers over time have focused research on the field of perceptual memory, especially the role of consciousness in enhancing human memory of perceived stimulus. George Sperling is one such remarkable researcher whose works in the field of neuropsychology have continued to provide invaluable instincts in the memorization process.

All human beings have specific characteristics and behaviors. According to Gil (2006), these traits are acquired during young and middle childhood. At this age children usually develop an interest in activities and interactions.  The development of a child’s behavior, character and language is molded at this point in their lives.

While some of my personality traits are inherent, others have developed in me over time due to my upbringing and socialization process. My family and religious background, schooling, and peers have in one way or another contributed to some of my personality traits at the moment. My personality traits significantly influenced how people perceive me.

According to the report, the unconscious factors prompts a show of distinguishable symptoms that includes disturbing personality traits, an individual’s difficulty in relationships as well as a disturbance in self-esteem disposition. However, I realize a discourse in your work on how the unconscious factors affect the overall mental health.

Dirt henceforth is neither an isolated nor a distinct order but is a product of a systematic ordering and classification of matter; where ordering includes the rejection of inappropriate elements (Douglas, 1966, p. 36). This ideation of dirt straightforwardly takes us into the field of inappropriate elements.

The author analyzes Piaget’s theory, which gives a detailed understanding of how infants develop cognitive skills. This theory says that infants build mental structures to adapt to their surrounding environment in the same way they develop their physical bodies to adapt to the world, but the environment doesn't pour information into their minds.

It is worth noting that these two aspects are closely interlinked as educational performance determines the level of educational attainment. A substantial amount of studies have examined how divorce affects the academic performance of a child (Kim, 2011; Steele, Sigle-Rushton & Kravdal, 2009; Alberetini & Dronkers, 2009; Habenicht, 2000; Lange, Dronkers & Wolbers, n.d).

wanting to be beautiful is not wrong, but making it an obsession is something that is not good. In this contemporary world of ours, beauty plays a major role, making it one of the most burning issues of today, because not only is it given such a prominent place in our lives and society, but it has become an obsession for many.

The condition includes autistic disorders, pervasive developmental disorder, childhood disintegrative disorder, Asperger syndrome, and Rett syndrome. After the publication of the DSM-5 diagnostic manual, all autistic conditions are now merged into ASD diagnosis. This condition is associated with difficulties in motor attention and coordination.

In addition to affecting performance in the workplace, bullying has also been discovered to have a negative impact on people’s physical well being. Research has also shown that individuals who are exposed to workplace bullying or hostility have a greater possibility to either leave their current position in the hospital or quit the nursing profession.

Hashish and other cannabis preparations contain cannabinoids and Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), which is known for its psychoactive potency. Since 1000 BC, cannabis was used as an intoxicant in Iran and India. But the Middle East Countries started using it only after the death of Prophet Mohammed. After the 10th century, physicians warned people.

Human beings are social in nature and benefits through interactions with other people to better their lives. Relationship qualities are associated with the proper integration of the Big Five personality traits into the relationship.

According to the paper professional bodies like APA, American Counseling Association and American Medical Association have designed guidelines for counselors that enable them to maintain boundaries among professional and personal lives along with maintaining professional objectivity through the natural process of transference transference.

The relationship between executive function and personality has been researched widely. Although literature explains each variable and how it is manifested in individuals, little research has been able to elucidate if the relationship exists, and more importantly to prove why the relationship exists.

This patient who was encountered during my community placement was diagnosed with cerebellar ataxia. He is 52 years old, of the Indian race, married, and living on the first floor of his home. He is a retired salesman. He and his wife have four children, all married but living in the same family compound.

The self mediates and regulates itself and therefore it is dynamic. It is forceful, active and capable of change. It also has motivational consequences that provide the standards, incentives, rules, plans and scripts for behavior. There are two main types of self-representations namely perception-based and meaning-based; each of these has its two sub-types as well.

Pavlov was deeply interested in the digestive system, especially the process of digestion. The relationship between salivary secretion and psychic response that can be seen in animals forced Pavlov to learn more about stimulus and response. Within this context, Pavlov conducted a number of experiments and discovered the theory of Classical Conditioning.