Alcohol Caused Disorders - Research Paper Example

Alcoholism is a negative model of alcohol use that involves a number of indicators, with acceptance to a withdrawal from the stuff, using additional alcohol and/or for a longer duration than intended, and difficulty reducing its use (Jones, 2009). Risk factors for growing a drinking problem incorporate low confidence, anxiety, depression or another problem associated with mood. Mood or affective disorders are distinguished by depression, mania, or both. There are various factors that determine biological and neurochemical bases of affective disorders.

According to the biological bases regarding affective disorder, genetics play a role in the susceptibility to mental disorders. Some genes can be inherited that are linked with mood disorder. Stress can also enhance sensitivity of mood disorder like depression. Additionally, neurochemical bases also play a role in mood disorder. There are indications that transmission of signal through chemical synapses is alarmed in the affective disorders. Alterations in neurotransmitters, membrane receptors and postreceptor conduits are studied in the period of illness and its management.

In the mood disorder, neurotransmitters are studied in terms of accessibility and metabolism. The receptors are examined in terms of number or density, attraction and sensitivity. On the other hand, postreceptor systems are studied in terms of number and action of G proteins, effector enzymes and transcription factors (Meyer & Quenzer, 2005). Addiction can be based on various factors. One of the factors is the biological basis. Scientists have established that the misuse of substances like alcohol creates biological alteration of brain’s reward task, as well as altering its typical functionality.

Reinforcers are considered to enhance the consequence of dopamine at receptors in mesolimbic arrangement, which begins in the A10 ventral tegmental region, spread in the nucleus accumbens, and transmit efferent signs to the hippocampus and cortex (The Biological Basis of Addiction). Alcoholism is a disorder of behavior. The symptoms coupled with depression and anxiety disorders like incurable insomnia, low mood, bad temper, and anxiety disorders are thought to be relieved by alcohol, hence causing a vicious sequence of drinking afterward depression then drinking that finally results to a withdrawal syndrome.

There are concerns regarding examination of current illicit drugs. Alcohol is a depressant of the central nervous system. In small doses, alcohol acts chiefly to slow down inhibitory centers. Consequential disinhibition may result to activities that are out of character. At elevated doses, alcohol slows down excitatory centers. For the current illicit drugs, samples of blood, urine and hair can be tested. Sometimes saliva and sweat can be used. The most regularly used is urine test because it has the advantage of being inexpensive and less invasive than the test of blood (Meyer & Quenzer, 2005).

History should be taken first regarding the consumed drug. Physical examination is also necessary to look for any proof of substance use. The name or names of the substance taken need to be noted, as well as the quantity, the timing is also crucial. Laboratory examinations check on functions of organ organizations that can be damaged by the particular use