Allport vs. Cattell Psychology - Research Paper Example

In this paper, Allport’s and Cattell’s use and theories of trait personality psychology are compared and contrasted. In addition, personal thoughts are provided on how Allport’s and Cattell theories are utilized in the practice of modern psychology. Allport vs. Cattell Allport’s theory of trait, personalistic in nature, regards personality as the psychology of an individual. Allport focused on attempts aimed at understanding as well as explaining the uniqueness and intricacy of the total individual.

In addition, Allport’s major objective was to establish a personality theory essential in defining the distinctiveness among individuals. In contrast, Cattell’s theory is empirical in nature and personality is considered as the reflection of personal behaviors. Cattell emphasized on providing statistical information concerning individuals’ personalities through multivariate, clinical and bivariate approaches. Generally, Allport’s theory explained the nature, operation as well as intention of the personality concept as indication of uniqueness among individuals whereas Cattell’s theory stressed on characteristics that influence behavior, which also typify personality (Ryckman, 2007).

According to Allport, personality refers to the vibrant association within the psychophysical system of individual, which establishes characteristics, behavior as well as thinking of the individual. Besides, Cattell described personality as characteristics that allow prediction of an individual’s reaction or behavior in a particular situation. In addition, Allport identified traits as the essential component of personality whereas Cattell distinguished traits as the critical element of personality that is portrayed in individuals’ behaviors.

The theory of trait personality by Allport classifies traits into cardinal, central and secondary traits. Furthermore, he utilized common traits (traits present in different measures to all individuals) and personal disposition (unique traits to an individual that personalize behavior) to demonstrate uniqueness among individuals. On the other hand, the theory by Cattell categorizes traits into surface and source traits, ability, temperament and dynamic traits, as well as constitutional and environmental-mold factors for hereditary and environmental personality influences (Houston, 2005).

Assumptions in Allport’s theory of trait personality include consideration of personality as a vibrant association in a condition of unbroken growth and existence of personality in psychophysical nature integrating the psyche and body. In addition, this theory assumes that personality influences people’s behaviors and demonstrates individuals’ uniqueness. On the other hand, Cattell’s assumptions consider an individual as the main determinant of personality. As a result, Cattell delineates personality based on various empirical data, including L-data (prime life actions records), Q-data (personal-ratings on traits assessments/questionnaires) and T-data (observations results) (Carducci, 2009).

Cattell’s theory ‘s strong points consist of the quantitative as well as precise approach to personality study whereas Allport’s theory strengths use diverse research methodologies and accent on assessing the individual. On the other han