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The subjectivism of Deidre implies that if she was only selfish and wants to work for her own interest, she could go to any other field. But according to her “volunteer agency is doing the best” so she is right at her own, and her feelings for working as a volunteer arise from this subjectivism. So as far as her feelings for the volunteer agency are good, the work she is doing is good.
The philosophers, from the very beginning, have tried to find answers to questions of truth, the meaning of existence, and the meaning of life. However, how to find answers, that is what should be the task, is a very problematic issue. In the times of Plato and Descartes, the task was to find an objective, unchanging answer to these questions.
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Certainly, even in ancient times, Aristotle’s naturalism had already been under attack by the school of skepticism. But, Aristotle would have insisted against the Skeptics that “a life without some rationally justified beliefs could never be an ordinary or happy life, as we commonly conceive it” (Dentsoras).
Here I reflect on and write a personal statement of philosophy about teaching and learning. This personal statement has been written to represent a deep reflection about my own values, morals, and beliefs and how this would impact what I would do in the classroom, acting as a guide for making decisions related to classroom planning, teaching, and assessing.
It seems that in the real world, there are no rules and the idea of a just war remains as much of an enigma as it was in the times of St. Thomas. While moral virtues and religion might have provided St. Thomas the means to consider war as just or unjust, today we can get the same information from the media and our intellectuals.
The above facts and other pointers lead us to an explanation that the universe is not suited for human life. One scientist calculated the odds against which the earth was formed and he came up with the number 10,000,000,000124, an unimaginable number. We can conclude that based on these numbers that an inhospitable universe would emerge.
The Private Retirement Account seems to hold all the answers to the current problems besetting the Social Security program of our nation. As a democracy, our country needs to give its citizens options when it comes to the hard-earned money that they contribute to the system. Allowing them the PRA option would be a good start towards that goal.
I will zero in on inductive reasoning. This argument is the type in which it is thought that the reason is provided by the premises that probably is the conclusion of the truth. In this version of the argument, it is wished that that premise will be stronger and if it is not false then there will be limited chances of its conclusion being false.
Regardless of whether they agree or disagree with Descartes’ original thoughts, processes and premises, though, the fact remains that it is Descartes and the realm of ideas he brought forward that they are basing their arguments upon, thereby underscoring and reinforcing the concept that Descartes is the father of modern philosophy.
People think of a white death as preferable to black or dark death. White death can be symbolic in pure and impure deaths. This paper will explore death that is synonymous with white using three texts; White, Skating to Antarctica, Moby Dick or The Whale and three films; Night of the Living Dead, Nosferatu, and Scott of the Antarctic.
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Human beings must develop, define and make a decision regarding their nature by engaging themselves, their society as well as the natural world surrounding them. He further argues that each human being’s nature depends on each specific individual; this radical freedom has an equivalent radical responsibility.
'Universals arise solely from the fact that we avail ourselves of the same idea to think of all individual things which have a certain similitude; and when we comprehend under the same name all the objects represented by this idea, that name is universal.'It does not stand for a real universal that the intellect apprehends.
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After Nietzsche's theory of the “Will to power” has been viewed as an interpretation then it is easy to step outside its deterministic principles of quanta of power then focus on more general principles of valuation. The aforementioned excerpts show the Will to power as essentially an interpreting function, this is s function that evaluates from certain perspectives.
The major ethical concern in the field of engineering is the unconscious prioritizing of “technical ingenuity over helping people” (Bowen, 6). It is from this angle, the “mechanics of what happened to the twin towers” has been a matter of investigation as it puts forth a number of sorrowful yet important questions from an engineer's point of view (Pfatteicher, 12).
The third definition is what I shall focus on where both Euthyphro and Socrates landed on the question, “Is the pious being loved by the gods because it is pious, or is it pious because it is being loved by the gods?” The first statement would be preferable where the pious are being loved by the gods because it is pious.
Hume’s strongest point is when he talks about the causation of memory that binds us to our past and present and hence the fixed nature of ourselves that keeps is together. This point is certainly worth celebrating for its emphasis on the way in which he posits identity as a succession of memory states.
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‘Think’, the first introduction to philosophy, is a book dealing with the psychological questions, which often comes in every human mind and life at different levels and stages, but are neglected and avoided to the utmost, as these questions are not easy to answer and the person gets confused if attempts to satisfy his quest for an answer.
Rowe argues that;
God exists in the understanding
He (God) is a possible being or might have existed in reality
If a thing exists only in the understanding and might have existed in reality, then it must have been greater than it is
Supposing that God exists only in the understanding, then he must have been greater than he is.
Aristotle was still a boy when his father died but the links to the Macedonian court greatly influenced his early life. Aristotle is associated with many radical contributions to humanity which range from logic, politics, ethics, medicine, agriculture, mathematics, physics, biology, and theatre arts. Aristotle was a student of Plato even though he differs from Plato with regards to forms.
From here the main problem is to discern if and how we are able to decide upon moral and immoral actions. There are many different approaches that various philosophers have taken. In considering moral philosophy, the philosophers Gauthier and Narveson have stated that the Contractarian outlook on morality is the only rational basis for morality.
Widely regarded as the first sociologist during the middle of the 19th century, positivism highlights the positivist view, that is, the scientist ideology. This view was shared by technocrats who believed in the necessity of progress through scientific progress, and by naturalists who argue that any method for gaining knowledge should be limited to natural, physical and material approaches.
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Generally, in order to comprehend the goodness or evilness of humankind, this paper tends to serve as research discussing Anne Frank and Victor Frankl’s conception of man’s basic nature; its either man is good as what Frank perceives man or man is definitely evil inside as what Frankl thinks that man is.
Mereological nihilism theory believes that the only things that exist are the basic building blocks like electrons or quarks that actually exist. Based on this concept, they believe that believing that the world is full of objects with parts, is a misconception. It is because of our wrong vision that we see composite objects.
The real world of the will is objectified, pictured, or represented, by the phenomena which we wrongly take to be real ourselves. The nature of this metaphysical will, or in other words the 'ultimate reality', is fundamentally cruel and evil. All we see is the world objectified by our five senses, a filtered version of the true reality.
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In his Treatise of Human Nature Hume wrote “Morality, therefore, is more properly felt than judged of: tho’ this feeling or sentiment is commonly so soft and gentle, that we are apt to confound it with an idea, according to our common custom of taking all things for the same, which have any near resemblance to each other”.
Jean-Paul Sartre is at one with Greek philosophers Parmenides and Plato in his contention that the chief problem of philosophy is the problem of being The famous works of Sartre such as "Being & Nothingness that talks about ‘Consciousness & being-in-itself’, ‘Nothingness, Freedom & Anguish’, ‘Bad faith. Transcendence & Facility’ and ‘Being-for-others & the look’ are all interrelated.
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Socrates was sure that a divine spirit directs and inspires him, and that a clear mind is a primary condition providing for the virtuous life of humans. Socrates resembles a Christian martyr or a Puritan. The last part of his speech, discussing the afterlife, expresses his assurance that immortality exists and proves that the uncertainty that had been revealed by him was false.
Stopping cure-oriented treatment when its use becomes excessive and substituting appropriate palliative medicine and intensive personal support--these have gradually become accepted in the medical community as appropriate means of caring for the dying. Crucial to that acceptance, however, has been the understanding that morally speaking, this approach does not involve killing.
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The questions must remain in the minds of people. If they got the answer to their previous questions, new questions should arise in their minds. Philosophy is discovering the answers and this exercise of questions and answers keeps the mind active and also affects people’s lives and their perspective towards life.
Europe didn’t find itself in a very tranquil and stable political state. Therefore, the creation of such and Empire promised to bring certain hegemony in the area that would unite the people and organize them, in some way or another. At the same time, the Holy Roman Empire is considered to be the counterpart of the Catholic Church.
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And finally, there must be some energy exchange if the mind were to interact with the body. Elizabeth challenges Descartes to explain to us how the mind of an individual which is only a thinking object, can determine the bodily actions produced by bodily spirits. Thus it appears that when B is pushed by A, there is some sort of connection.
Bacon also believed that there are serious impediments to human understanding; Bacon, however, understands and explains the impediments to human understanding in different terms. For Bacon, the impediments to human understanding lie in general human nature, individual personality, language that human beings use to communicate.
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There is a debate over the notion of freedom of will among the philosophers. Most of them associate such freedom with certain kinds of liabilities that their ethical sense demands, meaning, to freedom of will there lies an accompanying ethical need to take the “blame”. Such freedom requires someone to be conscious of his\her actions and to have an understanding about it also.
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Quest for ‘knowledge’ of the ‘Self’ has been the central point of focus for ancient Indian philosophers. Indeed, the Vedas and the Upanishads - the sacred texts from which Hinduism in its present form has evolved, includes lengthy analyses of the ‘Self’ of the ‘Ultimate Reality (Radhakrsihnan 1951).
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Languages of primitive tribes have words that have come about because of some form of misunderstanding about their surroundings. There are words used in a non-literal way and words which have genders such as male and female. However, this theory fails to hold well when the language is translated into another language.
By the time the Cruzan case was disputed in the Supreme Court in December 1989, Court watchers had already associated the fate of Nancy Cruzan with that of "Jane Roe." The oral argument was cautiously observed for clues not only concerning where the Court was leaning on the right to die issue itself, but also concerning where the Court was leaning on the broader subjects of personal liberty.
Evil has been a source of philosophic contemplation for as long as there has been philosophy. Some of the greatest minds in history have considered the problem of why evil should exist alongside goodness, with philosophers from Socrates to Swinburne struggling to understand the paradox. The concept of evil carries with it a multitude of connotations.
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Dawkins in his book challenges the faith in any ‘supernatural’ creator as a mere vision which according to the author is a continuing impractical faith practiced in cases where logical support contradicts each other. He seems to be sensitive about the statement by Robert Pirsig that when anyone man faces delusion that is insanity but when many start to suffer from it then it becomes religion.
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Aristotle has said that “the aim of art is to represent not the outward appearance of things, but their inward significance” and that is the whole truth. That is the essence of all art; it also gets pleasure in giving pleasure. What would life be without music? Industry and music are not a bad combination.
The philosopher Socrates (469-399 B.C.E.) never wrote anything himself, and he was despised and ridiculed in his own day. Now, however, he is considered to be one of the most influential figures in ancient, and even modern, philosophy.1 In almost every respect, Socrates was very different from the ideal Greek citizen.
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Theoretically, both Glaucon, who advocates an unjust life, and Socrates who advocates a just life are both correct. However, both men refuse to acknowledge the individuality or uniqueness between each individual human. A good example would be the invisibility ring. If Mother Theresa put on the invisibility ring, she would probably do well for others without the need for praise.
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In summary, error or bias is established directly by discrepancy measurement between the factual conditions being judged and the judgment in a different logic. The fruitfulness of this logic is seen in psychophysics, maybe less so in collective psychology, in addition to forming a foundation for most of the discussions of research held here.
What Kant believes is the significance of goodwill in universalism so that every individual action should be performed as a moral deed in accordance with the universal moral law. One of the main reasons that justify Kant’s philosophy to treat and understand humanity as a rational agency allows an individual to maintain transparency by keeping his heart and soul clear from the malice.
So many people in the world have had many unfortunate encounters in life. Bullying, oppression, verbal abuse, being cheated in different situations like money and business, they have asked if taking revenge would seem acceptable if justice in their location is out of reach especially by poor and lowly ones.
А number of reseаrches аnd politiciаns in different wаys interpret the concept of liberty. I will tаke а look аt severаl of them so thаt them in my further reseаrch. Isаiаh Berlin presents two concepts of liberty through which he plаces the freedom of judgment in relаtionship to them, аnd lаys out some аdvаntаges of а liberty bаsed on the judgment.
It is quite essential that in his later work, Heidegger largely abandoned the account of ‘dasein’ as a pragmatic, engaged, worldly agent, and instead discussed other elements necessary to an understanding of being, notably language, the earth as the almost ineffable foundation of the world and the presence of the gods.
Some of the important Thesaurus words for “empiricism” are altruistic ethics, atomism, commonsense realism, deontology, earthliness, economics, experimentalism, hylozoism, physicalism, pragmatism, substantialism, temporality, utilitarianism, worldliness, etc. This list is representative and by no means exhaustive.
Natural laws sometimes referred to as unalienable rights, are not contingent upon the given legislature or the customs or beliefs of any particular society or time. It is the law or body of laws that are often believed to be binding upon man’s actions, whether or not laws about a particular matter have been established by any human authority.
Based on the concept of the Bourgeoisie and the proletariat, Marx states that the capitalist system is a minor initial stage of the total economic development of society. Furthermore, he stated that as people will lose private ownership of the land, the capitalist system will cease to exist and simply collapse on its own.
In class, the conflict between Sand the writer and the book she wrote was discussed. This conflict comes from many places of those times, from philosophers like Hegel and Rousseau and events like the French Revolution, Industrialization, the rise of the middle class and the American Bill of Rights.