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Foucault has expressed in detail the meaning of having such a spatial arrangement of buildings for prison schools and factories in terms of enabling maximum visibility and vigilance. Foucault further argues that this gives rise to a new form of self-disciplinary practice (which Foucault calls as internalized disciplinary practice).
However, the character and the movie reinforce negative stereotypes about women. Instead of empowering women, the fairy tale story feeds not just one but several destructive fantasies to young, impressionable children, petite girls—these illusions center on the twisted ideal of beauty that forms the foundation of the entire plot.
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Russell would then state that Berkeley was stating that the existence of the matter of the table and the existence of the sensory perception of the table are two different things, and Russell felt that the sheer mention of the independence of the two implied that there obviously was in fact reason to believe that the matter of the table existed.
The prominent flaw with Plato and Aristotle’s political philosophies is the exclusion of women from political and social life. A reader will obviously notice, even at first glance, the excessive use of the pronoun ‘he’ and the noun ‘man’ in their literary works. This error has proven to be immortalized.
At first, Elizabeth Cady Stanton (1815-1902) in the 19th century and Emma Goldman at the beginning of the 20th century raised her voice in the United States for women rights. Other feminist theorists including Patricia Hill Collins and others launched a campaign for their rights in the latter half of the 20th century and demanded that women too should have been the same rights as had been delegated to men.
Such arguments may summon his attention to these conflicts and irregularities, but they cannot make him perceive, realize or understand what he accomplishes or says implies, for example, self-deceit. To fulfill this, he demands insight or realization. No argument can make him understand what is the purpose of his argument or accomplishing something
In other words, why should we say our normal moral attitude toward charity is wrong? Why shouldn't we instead say we say our negative reaction to the guy who lets the child drown to save his suit - that the reaction is confused and misguided?
Eliminativists argue that the “folk psychology” has failed mankind--eventually needing replacement with descriptions derived from the neurosciences. Such philosophers thus highlight the significance of biological research, as well as recent findings in artificial intelligence to support the theory (Armstrong, 1999, p. 95).
Thales, the founder of that branch of philosophy which believes that the principles of matter were the only principles, believed that the principle of all things is water. The implication of this is that Thales was of the opinion that water is the basis and origin of all life and from which all life return to and in fact thought that the earth has water for its bed.
With a specific focus on a cultural problem such as gang violence, the following line of logic can be helpful in finding the problem’s origin. On a primary level, one can look at a city as a sort of infrastructure. Each and every metropolis that becomes more and more modernized sets a higher standard for cities that follow as their predecessors.
So many people in the world have had many unfortunate encounters in life. Bullying, oppression, verbal abuse, being cheated in different situations like money and business, they have asked if taking revenge would seem acceptable if justice in their location is out of reach especially by poor and lowly ones.
In philosophy, the word dualism refers to the activities of the mind. Dualism is the measure of loss in the world. “In dualism, ‘mind’ is contrasted with ‘body’, but at different times, different aspects of the mind have been the center of attention”. Dualism is a set of views, which explains the relationship between mind and matter.
When people are unable to have many of their set basic psychological requirements like ‘safety, competence, connectedness, and autonomy’, the problem of insecurity moves in (Kasser et al, 2004). The psychological insecurity and the efforts to cope with the insecurity both can be termed materialistic (Kasser and Sheldon, 2000).
A number of clients seeking therapy have done so because they feel they could not make it on their own that the existential approach may be inadequate in this respect. How the therapist intends to allow the client to see meaning in his life is not explicitly explained and there seems to be no specific strategy on how to help him find this meaning.
Rousseau attributed sovereign power to the state and in a similar attempt to bring about a classless society; Marx resorted to the idea of totalitarianism by making the state the supreme authority. Even though democratic ideas of equality resound in their theories, they never were thoroughly democratic but were totalitarian in their outlooks.
The author states that though few remarks for Nature from these poets come directly to clarify their philosophy and thoughts on Nature, it is obvious that nature in most of their poems appears to serve the purpose of a background that is vast, endless, somber and generous as Nature itself is.
The data presented are some of the contributions of Buddhism in Chinese culture. Some impacts may be considered negative while some are advantageous. The most important point in the study is that the Chinese people were able to achieve a level of uniqueness in terms of culture that can be segregated from that of the influences.
Choices come from a conscious shaped by memories and experiences. An individual’s will is influenced by these memories and experiences, thus the will is not free or uninfluenced. Individuals differ in experiences and memories, creating diverse conscious. Responsibility for actions should exist based on the ability of the individual
The author contends that no one deserves his place in the distribution of natural endowments, any more than one deserves one’s initial starting place in society. He argues against the distribution of assets on the basis of natural assets. Natural talents, therefore, cannot be factored out of the distribution.
Bacon’s description of what the value is of the pursuit of knowledge and wisdom can be summarized in a passage from his utopian romance New Atlantis: “to have light, I say, of the growth of all parts of the world”. A look at Bacon’s biography would reveal that the publication of his treatises and books was spurred on by a desire to create a world which would be vastly different from the one that he inhabited.
This essay analyzes that ethical theories are often divided according to their fundamental natures; deontological ethics are primarily typified by a commitment to established rules of morality. It is the responsibility, then, of the moral agent to recognize his or her duties in a moral context and make the correct choices in regards to these commitments.
This paper has highlighted why multiple realisability is a problem for type-identity theory. The key element underlying multiple realizability objection is the assumption that: looking across species will yield type differences in brains despite the type identities of mental states. There is apparent heterogeneity of the mental domain itself.
If we have an explanation for something, then we will not attempt to push the limits of our knowledge to find the reason why something actually works the way that it does. Hume the empiricist would be essentially opposed to anything that by nature would be setting limitations upon the knowledge that can be gained through human experience.
The author of the paper states that Sophocles' plays celebrate the superiority of humans, who are the crowning glory of God’s creation, and the master of their environment. But his plays seek to show that temperance of spirit in humans is a must, and cautions against irrationality and wild emotions.
From a philosophical and psychological perspective, the commission achieved its aim. The people had the opportunity to come out of the trauma by narrating their miseries of the past. Psychological it was opportune for them to face and reconcile with the reality on a conscious level instead of storing those in their unconscious to make them guilty.
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According to the paper, the views and ideas of a Congressional representative play a decisive role in the degree of support he or she enjoys from members of the public in his or her constituency. A representative is elected as a Member of Congress from a particular constituency only if there is an adequate level of such support from the public.
In this connection, ecocommunalism is a generic term that covers a diverse range of utopian, visionary and essentially anarchist Green theories that seek the development of human-scale, cooperative communities, that enable the whole and mutualistic development of humans, while at the same time respecting the integrity of the non-human world.
With such a general definition, one might begin to understand the complexities involved in studying philosophy as it seems to encompass just about all knowledge pursuits. Perhaps part of the confusion in trying to define the term can be found in the early days of the science when it applied almost universally to all avenues of knowledge in ancient Greece.
Socrates and the speech that he delivered at the time of his trial are alive today in their true essence in the form of Plato’s version of the lesson, which is remembered as ‘The apology’. Xenophon wrote the original speech given by Socrates. However, Plato’s performance is still considered to be the most reliable source of gaining information about the history of Socrates.
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Critical thinking can be considered as one of the most important skills both in studying and in the application of different knowledge in jobs and professions. The need for critical thinking can be considered to increase significantly on the basis of different reasons. One is the increasing amount of data and information.
Critical thinking is important since it enables us to effectively solve different types of problem we encounter each day. In general, any information available around us, regardless of whether this information is in the form of verbal, writings, or drawings, are considered a subject of continuous criticism.
Plato himself conjured up images of souls shackled in a dark cave, watching the shadows of marionettes on the wall, and confusing these figures for the way things are. René Descartes posited the possibility of the existence of an entity depriving him of a sound knowledge of reality. Kant spoke of the impossibility of man’s knowing anything beyond the veil of a phenomenal world of experience.
The kingdom of ends is a hypothetical state of man derived from the categorical imperative. Rational beings are defined as beings who are capable of moral deliberation; they can choose to act by maxims that have universality. It is from this point of view that they must judge themselves and their actions.
Empiricism is a philosophical belief which states that moral judgments can be derived from knowledge, skill, and understanding. It uses facts and data to create moral judgments in contrast to the idea of inherent and intrinsic moral judgments. It is closely related to science as it believes that every idea must undergo a rigorous procedure of observation, trial, and testing.
The wise person is the one who realizes that nothing is ever really known to its fullest extent and that there is always more knowledge to be discerned. Life was to be treated as a perpetual pursuit of knowledge, and the end of the pursuit ended with one’s life, not having reached any sort of final knowledge about any subject.
We do realize these things numerous times in our daily life. A man who is good at geography will tell about how to reach Africa, but a man who himself has been to Africa can guide you to the place in reality and he is aware of all the little things that are needed for the successful tour. This is called experience.
Critical thinking is expressing in a very critical way. An element of critical thinking is the usage of different elements within the decision-making processes. Decision making requires tact, intellect and a sense of understanding related to the significant elements which play a huge role in the eventual decision and all of which come under the critical thinking exercise.
There is a first-order observation wherein the observer performs the distinguishing. There is a second-order observation wherein the observer looks at the first observer and sees the blind spot of the first observer, and knows why. He also sees that the first observer could have chosen other modes of distinguishing (the fact of contingency).
It is quite essential that in his later work, Heidegger largely abandoned the account of ‘dasein’ as a pragmatic, engaged, worldly agent, and instead discussed other elements necessary to an understanding of being, notably language, the earth as the almost ineffable foundation of the world and the presence of the gods.
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As he pushes the baby in her stroller toward the library, he thinks of the riches they enjoy. A bird lets loose a song, which makes the baby clap her hands and laugh. As a member of the local land trust, John played a small role in restoring this place. He’s admiring the dance of leaves and light on the prairie when he notices the baby has grown.
Some ordinances also pertain to the supernatural order of grace, which are thus inaccessible to natural reason. However, the natural law theory is not at all different from the divine law theory because of the source of the standards of doing what is moral and avoiding what is immoral.
He is best known for his “falsificationism” theory which calls for the constant and never-ending subjection of a theory to a refutation test on the premise that a theory can never be certain to be 100% true. Kuhn, on the other hand, started as a physicist, having earned his degree in Harvard with a summa cum laude and ended writing The Structures of Scientific Revolutions in 1962.
Modernism and post-modernism are terms used to refer to different aspects of art. These include fiction, poetry, painting, sculpture, architecture, but are not in any way limited to these particular genres and styles. Furthermore, modernism and post-modernism should not be limited to the view of different schools of thought.
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Nevertheless, Cottingham attempted to consider the lives of those who chose to live following their animalistic instinct, which is being aggressive and egotistical in the absence of restraints. He pondered whether this immoral kind of life, exemplified by his concept of the “committed torturer”, has the right to become meaningful.
A pregnancy brings incredible change and destruction upon the female body but is limited in time and scope to eventually produce something as wonderful as an entirely new human being. Only by being forced into taking this inward journey through guilt is an individual developing the sort of depth and complexity that feeds our most creative energies.
Compared with the Pre-Socratic Philosophers, Socrates and Plato’s contribution to the humanistic Tradition may be seen as a form of paradigm shift. This I maintain on the premise that although both genres work on the foundational belief that human beings are rational beings, who in their rationality possess abilities that enables them to address their own questions.
The thesis he posited in contradistinction to Rene Descartes’ “Cogito ergo sum” and which is central to Karl Marx’s body of work is that “It is not the consciousness of men that determines their existence, but their social existence that determines their consciousness” (Critique of Political Economy 2).
Leibniz was born in Leipzig, Germany. He received his Doctorate of Laws at Alder. He became a legal counselor in the court of Mainz. In 1672, he was sent to Paris on a diplomatic mission. In 1676, he was at the service of various nobles such as in the court of the Duke of Brunswick. All propositions assert the inclusion of one concept in another.
This paper will propose an informal leadership development programme that is most suited using the theories of Transformational Leadership and Situational Leadership. An informal leadership development programme is most ideal in this situation as the elements of both theories delve on self-assessment, coaching and modelling.
The work of Friedrich Nietzsche is valuable to society today because it holds a great deal of thought-provoking material that can be analyzed, but this information is also quite dangerous to the safety of human beings in general. For this reason, Nietzsche’s work should not be followed, as it would lead to a chaotic society where everyone simply does whatever he or she desires at all times.