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Adam Smith takes the position that action taken by a person in beneficial of the other is aimed at benefiting the person. However, the religious perspective on self-interest is dissimilar to the theory. From a religious point of view, self-interest is described as selfish and a person should not be self-interested.
The main basis of the argument against Hume’s theory is actually based on the pointers that he makes within the same theory. He states that we do not experience the world but instead only experience our sense impressions. However, for us to experience these secondary qualities there must be an existence of primary qualities.
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The author states that from a consumer perspective, the selection of a company preference is also influenced by the ideologies supported by the company. From a political perspective, if a CEO of a company cites his support for a political party, they risk being ignored by consumers with alternative opinions.
Pre-Socratic philosophy had the significant influence on Plato’s philosophy, especially his views of ontology. Plato’s philosophy is based on the theory of ideas/forms. Under this school of thought, “ideas” not only represent real objects (ontologically) but also authentic objects. Thus, ideas are the roots of right behaviors in either political or ethical perspective.
Modernity, on the other hand, is the period in history characterized by post-traditional mindset seen through the shift from agrarianism towards industrialization, capitalism and other forms of economic organization. It is characterized by the flourishing of stronger social institutions which are well defined to address the needs of humanity.
According to the paper an axiom therefore or rather the axiomatic account of scientific theory plays a central role in the theoretical analysis of scientific issues, element or data. As mentioned, an axiom is the backdrop for or a premise for reasoning. in mathematics as a science, there can be two axioms, that is, the logical and the non logical axioms.
The duo had hoped that they will triumph over their rivals in the war and guarantee happiness to the people at home. Unfortunately, Billy is deadly wounded and is left recuperating injuries in a hospital and meets Sally, Bob Hyde’s wife. He believes that Sally will help her get over the anger, frustration, and pain he got from the war.
To Plato, literature was immoral because it appeals to the emotional side of people. When people read a piece of literature, it causes an emotional response within them, and Plato felt that this was an undesirable result because he felt that only a life that was led by reason could possibly be a happy life.
In his work titled “Fragments”, Pathogoras provides a distinction between absolutism and relativism by using man as the measure. Pathogoras states that man is the measure of all things and this expresses the essence of relativism. The concept of relativism can be explained in terms of variables “x” and “y”, i.e., x is relative to y.
The aim of the project was to prevent degradation of the wetland and improve the lives of local people (Davenport 4). However, despite the project’s endeavor, it raised conflicts between the local communities on one side and county councils and the Dominion, founders of the project, on the other side.
Ontology is the best philosophical principle that explains the existence of God. This principle is developed out of perceptions, and the contingent character of nature. For instance, the principles of ontology tend to explain the existence of God, based on the nature of God, i.e. who is God. God is a supreme being who managed to create the world.
This research will begin with the statement that morality is one of the factors that affect people’s decisions. It defines values that an individual seeks to respect when making decisions. A person may follow such principles, strictly, or may sometimes rely on the moral principles weakly. Parsimony test shows the extent to which a person sticks with moral principles.
This research will begin with the statement that Hobbes was a philosopher of English, who had a pessimistic view of the humankind. He saw humans as creatures that would undertake any measure to better their situations. Besides, he asserted that individuals should not be allowed to make decisions thus the state should have an authority figure that would provide leadership and direction.
According to the research findings, it can, therefore, be said that the risks in the donation process including death could lead to unhappiness in some of the people. There is an option of obtaining liver from a deceased person without any risk. The result of his actions had the possibility of not achieving the best outcome that the majority expected.
Consoling a grieving friend arises from duty, which is part of moral judgments. It is the right thing to do in such a situation. Normative judgment specifies that consoling a person, as a specific course of action, is the rational course if they are grieving. Emotions motivate moral obligation because one empathizes by showing compassion.
The author states that on the morality of happiness, Plato takes a rather subdued point of view. This is because he views happiness differently compared to other philosophers. Secondly, he treats happiness as a kind of perfection that is difficult to attain. He deduced this idea from the writings of Auguste Comte.
In this topic, Hume is referring to the controversy that exists on the issues of free will and determinism. Hume argues that all human beings irrespective of whether they are learned or not face the challenge of the relationship between liberty and determinism. He traces the root cause of this controversy.
He argues that evil is nothing more than the parts of man or the parts of the state that are out of balance. He observes that might does not make it right since justice is not just strength but he alludes that it is harmonious strength desires, thus justice is never the right of the strong ones, rather the effective synchronization of the whole.
Hume felt that since human beings live and function in the world, we should try to observe how they do so. The key principle to be applied to any investigation of our cognitive capacities is, then, an attempt to discover the causes of human belief. According to Hume, the proper goal of philosophy is simply to explain why we believe what we do.
At a time when Greece, as a superpower, wielded enormous influence in every sphere of human activity, there was a little indication in the beginning of the 800th century B.C. the turmoil and testing time Greece was headed to would lead to a complete turn around for the worse in Greek as well as world history.
The author explains that Daoism has transformed and developed from China, Japan and Korea. Unlike Buddhism and Christianity Daoism has no single founder, or single holy messages such as noble truths and Bible. Today Daoism established as a meaningful and highly prominent religious community.
This essay demonstrates that Socrates thinks it is important to pursue wisdom, as it will help realize the human ignorance on the perception of wisdom. Socrates further thinks and claims that only the God can be wise. According to Socrates, human wisdom is limited and by realizing that he knows nothing he can achieve a lot.
I would have for example safeguarded the organization’s long-term interest in securing potentials of fresh recruits. The fact that the contract with the first employee was not coerced and that she did not meet all requirements also identifies justice with bargaining power as the basis for the difference.
In the U.K. the rights of the individual are protected. This is not true in every society depending upon social and political orientation. In free societies, however, there is a recognized balance between freedom and control-- between what people are technically allowed to do versus laws that often say otherwise.
The author explains that induction is the method of reasoning based on experiences. The method of induction infers one’s previous experiences to predict the future. The problem of induction concerns providing supportive justifications and description of the inductive principles. One may argue that the sun would rise the following day.
The Socrates succeeded in showing the Sophists about the lack of validity of their theories of relativism and moral realism. In the Book, I of the Republic, after Thrasymachus says, “I proclaim that justice is nothing else than the interest of the stronger,” which confirms his stance on moral realism.
The conclusion that Stuart and Aristotle have differing viewpoints in their epistemological and metaphysical attitudes. Stuart believes that happiness should be an ultimate end in life as an individual maximizes pleasure and minimizes pain and Aristotle believes that a satisfactory life comprises a robust intellectual virtue, a sound moral virtue, and developed reasoning faculties.
This research will begin with the statement that the question of personal identity has been studied in depth by many scholars in the past and present. However, the researcher is drawn to Hume’s arguments since they seem more convincing than any presented by the other scholars. Besides, they are the most regarded.
The paper tells that the story of John Cooper is one of the tragic interpretation of the philosophic thinking. While elements of goodwill may be possible in Cooper’s action, this would be seen as unfair and burden to the family. The ability to offer a substantial explanation to explain why someone would risk his life over a stranger is not logic.
This essay analyzes that it is notable that though both methodologies set out to achieve the same end, the convergence of the two has made for irreparable separations in the nature of thought on the one issue of existence. Ontology argues with no apology for allowance of an overarching idea, a whole nature of things, which exist as independent of the mind.
According to a liberal measurement of human life value, the liberal policy of European and United States stated that the value of human life is secondary in comparison with a person’s will. This means that if a person can be considered as adequate, the person is responsible for one’s own decisions and actions.
As the paper discusses within the past century and a half, the theory of evolution, put forward and expounded upon eloquently by Charles Darwin, has come to define the way in which the majority of the educated and learned individuals within society integrate with an understanding and appreciation for where life originated.
Hedonism is the life philosophy that argues pleasure is the only thing worth anything in life. Along with this line, people who believe in this philosophy seek out pleasure in the lifestyle they lead, often to the exclusion of other considerations. Hedonists pursue pleasure to a point of decadence that is at times offensive to some people.
People move for their own personal reasons. Some want fitness, whereas others need a refuge and time for just themselves. I believe that participating in activity class is my way of learning self-discipline. This is the skill that I have been meaning to develop for some time. It is important to note that self-discipline is not just one skill.
As the paper, Using Human Embryos in Stem Cell, stresses the early-stage embryo only contains between 200 and 300 different cells in this very immature stage of development. It is during this period in gestation that the blastocyst becomes the prime target for the harvesting of pluripotent stem cells that are extracted for research.
Kierkegaard’s self is more preoccupied with whether it is headed toward salvation or not; while the self Descartes is primarily concerned with knowing an absolute, rational truth. Proving that it exists is in itself a step towards self-fulfillment, while in Kierkegaard this question does not really arise. Descartes’ self is also entirely rational.
The essay also digs deeper into possibilities of how different people have different approaches in attaining happiness. The discussion gets twisted when it turns out clear that some of the chosen aspects may turn out to disappoint in large proportions. An individual banking all hopes of happiness in their children who actually end up being rather spoilt brats.
The ancient Greek philosophers understood hubris as something of an affront to the gods. Whereas it is true that the pre-determinism does not have an active place in the sub conscious unless of American people one speaks about Presbyterian circles, this term plays a powerful role in the modern culture.
Mencius saw human beings as having been born with the potency to be good, and he argued that the people who turn out to be bad have just been corrupted by the environment (Stevenson, 24). Mencius began his argument in support of his view on human nature by responding to and refuting Kao Tzu’s argument that human nature is neither good nor bad.
Most consumers, especially retailers demand to be supplied with materials, by supplier companies, at lower prices. In doing so, they reduce the profit margin the supplying firm, which in the long-run, has to adjust its cost, like laying off employees or reducing operational cost so as to remain operating in the firm.
In this essay, the core concept shall be on the highlighting the reasons why Plato put much emphasis on the controlling of the children’s exposure to aesthetic influences in early education. Subsequently, study shall seek to determine the merits and demerits that could be affiliated with this programme of education as was propagated by Plato.
According to the report, no one can have a moral right to make decisions about the death and life of other people, regardless of whether they are ill or are not capable of making decisions. Baby Theresa was born with a terrible disease that left her no chance for recovery and she was alive only for 9 days served.
The film is about ethics in the society. It is all about William Ward who was found killed in his bed in new York in a shack on a dairy farm where they lived with his brother Roscoe and Lyman. The death was initially thought to have come from a natural cause since the victim was always sick with several ailments.
Speaking about an Ancient Indian view on meditation, one should point out that Yoga itself implied a certain state or condition, as well as a technique, and a particular kind of union. Patanjali considered Yoga to be “the cessation of the modifications of the mind” (“The Meaning and Purpose of Yoga”, n.d.).
The use of neuroimaging techniques in lie detection can be discussed in depth to figure out how the technology can be applied for the benefit of the society.
There is so much of epistemology that has risen in opposition or defense of skepticism. Chisholm (1992), claims that one can classify a number of theories in terms of knowledge according to their responses of skepticism. For example, some of the people that can be viewed as skeptical are rationalists, in terms of the possibility of empirical knowledge at the same time not being skeptical on the possibility of prior knowledge but not in regard to empirical knowledge.
It speaks to one’s political beliefs, one’s heritage and history, and it helps people define themselves in terms of cultural groups. We form traditions, we develop a relationship with God, and we follow certain doctrines which dictate to us how to treat other human beings.
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The fact that Descartes — a single individual — cannot doubt his own existence while he thinks, forms the "foundation" of a new philosophy. Descartes implies that anyone who wishes may follow the same process of reasoning, confirm his own existence, then the existence of God, and so forth (Bicknell, 2003 p. 28).
This essay presents a research that was conducted on the theories of Kant, who is a famous philosopher who made a great contribution into the development of philosophy in general and of ethics, as a branch of philosophy. His unique ethical theory is even more remarkable than his works in epistemology and metaphysic.
While conceding to the fact that “Suffering in the Context of Religion,” is dominated by Luther’s writings, an explanation and analysis of his stance vis-à-vis the dual nature of man and the world he occupies, the shift to Locke, Rousseau, Nietzsche and Skinner, to name but a few, is seamless.