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Essays on the natural order hypothesis
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The Theoretical Den of Krashen: When Critics Became Impudent
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The Natural Order Hypothesis makes one learn the correct usage of word orders and how an individual manages to follow the rules for sentence structure of a certain language.... The Natural Order Hypothesis of Krashen needs more transparency as it brings the whole assumption to become unclear because the word natural becomes questionable when learning a language requires one's own time to be used for the learning process (Zafar, 2009).... The five hypothetical assumptions of Krashen include the “acquisition-learning hypothesis, monitor hypothesis, natural order hypothesis, input hypothesis, and affective filter hypothesis” (Saville-Troike, 2012)....
Language Learning Activities
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These hypotheses are the acquisition-learning hypothesis, the monitor hypothesis, The Natural Order Hypothesis, the input hypothesis and the affective filter hypothesis.... he natural order hypothesis
... Krashen argues that when a learner acquires language input that is one step beyond his/her current linguistic competence then progress occurs along the natural order.... The first principle states a language can be learned easier when a student can be in a position to receive a lot of comprehensible input from the natural surrounding....
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Theories of Language Acquisition
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The Natural Order Hypothesis.... pproaches to language teachingKnowledge about different approaches to Language Teaching like grammar-translation, audio-lingual, cognitive-code, the direct method, the natural approach, total physical response, and Suggestopedia will certainly aid in efficient teaching (EN4) in TEC.... The monitor hypothesis.... The input hypothesis.... The affective filter hypothesis.... The teacher uses examples of language in order to inductively teach grammar; students are to try to guess the rules of the language by the examples provided....
Second Language Acquisition
9 pages
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Krashen's theory integrates six main hypotheses (1) the acquisition-learning hypothesis, (2) the monitor hypothesis, (3) The Natural Order Hypothesis, (4) the input hypothesis, (5) the affective filter hypothesis and (6) the reading hypothesis (Spada, 1997).... According to The Natural Order Hypothesis, educators should be alert that various structures of a language are simpler to grasp compared to others and thus language structures must be educated in a manner, which is beneficial to learning (Slabakova, 2010)....
Take home exam 1
5 pages
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imilarly, Stephen Krashen developed five hypotheses that helped to understand the learning of the second language: The Acquisition- learning hypothesis, Monitor hypothesis, natural order hypothesis, the Input hypothesis and the Affective Filter hypothesis.... In the Acquisition-learning hypothesis, he suggests two ways of developing one's language; by acquisition which entails taking in of knowledge subconsciously and storing it in the brain and by learning a language which takes the form of instructing the language in a formal setting as in a classroom....
Stephen Krashens Five-Point Theory of Second-Language Acquisition
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? The second hypothesis is called The Natural Order Hypothesis.... ? The Natural Order Hypothesis basically states two things.... ) natural order hypothesis
... Krashen (1994) points out that 'the existence of the natural order does not imply that we should teach second languages along with this order, focusing on earlier acquired items first and acquired items later' (p.... Krashen (1994) points out that “the existence of the natural order does not imply that we should teach second languages along this order, focusing on earlier acquired items first and acquired items later” (p....
The Development of Theories of Second Language Acquisition
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) The Natural Order Hypothesis.... “The model forms the basis of the natural Approach, which is a comprehension-based approach to foreign and second language teaching.... ) The Acquisition hypothesis.... ) The input hypothesis.... This hypothesis is connected with the acquisition, not learning.... ) The Monitor hypothesis.... ) Filter hypothesis.... He developed two forms of the interaction hypothesis: “the strong one” and “the weak one”....
Second Language Acquisition Theories
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The Natural Order Hypothesis by Krashen implies that language is not acquired apart from a natural process.... Monitor theory revolves around hypothesis such as the Input hypothesis that takes into account, comprehensible input.... The hypothesis affirms that communication and not mere instructions beg the urge to understand the target language sequences and grammar.... The brain is dependent on training in order to learn any language and does not depend on a natural device to gain linguistic wisdom....
Preparing and Using the Lesson Plan Protocol to Monitor Protected Instructions
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Krashen then shows how The Natural Order Hypothesis leads to ELLs acquiring a second language by their understanding of comprehensible input natural communication.... As described by the monitor hypothesis, formal study during the acquisition of a second language results in an interior grammar monitor, while the hypothesis of natural order provides that students learn grammar in a natural and predictable order.... On the other hand, although the interactionist perspective puts considerable emphasis on comprehensible input, the interactionists consider the natural communication that occurs between non-native and native speakers is the vital component in the acquisition of a second language....
Language Learning
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The Natural Order Hypothesis
... The innateness hypothesis is supported by numerous methodologists and linguists (Saville-Troike, 2006).... rashen's Input hypothesis
... his is hypothesis advanced by Stephen Krashen which one of theoretical perspectives in second language acquisition that is most controversial.... The acquisition-learning hypothesis
... he hypothesis states that the rules of language are acquired in a particular order that is normally predictable....
Three Hypotheses of Giovanni Saccheri and Revised Three Hypotheses of Johann Lambert
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This report "Three Hypotheses of Giovanni Saccheri and Revised Three Hypotheses of Johann Lambert" discusses the impossibility of demonstrating the Euclidean hypothesis.... Logica Demonstrativa was founded on a given form of reasoning as used by Euclid where, through the assumption as hypothesis that the proposition that is to be proved is false, one could conclude that it was true.... Through the assumption that the fifth principle was false, Saccheri developed a hypothesis to work with....
Pursuit of Knowledge in the Natural and Human Sciences
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The author of the paper "Pursuit of Knowledge in the natural and Human Sciences" states that a disagreement can be defined as a divergent of views regarding an idea or concept.... In What Ways May Disagreement Aid the Pursuit of Knowledge in the natural and Human Sciences?... This essay focuses on ways in which disagreements may aid the pursuit of knowledge in the natural and human sciences.
... The repeated testing of hypothesis and theory results in acquisition of knowledge regarding a particular subject....
Evolution of Colouration in Bird Eggs
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For clutches that have duller colour and therefore (possibly) no male parental care, the natural selection of colour that might occur would angle in favour crypsis, as it would be necessary for eggs to remain hidden from predators in the absence of constant protection.... the natural Academy of Sciences of the USA.... Comparison of the weaver eggs in the Caribbean with those of the West African weavers produced information that matched the details of the foregoing hypothesis....
Differential Effects of an Adult Observer's Presence on Sex-Typed Play Behavior
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Choosing the research problem and stating the hypothesis clearly reveals the researchers' command over social research procedures.... There can be seen no flaws in the described hypothesis and its building blocks i.... For example, schematic and aschematic, attractive and unattractive toys, masculinity and femininity and participant and non participant observation etc have been developed as two diferent variables for each hypothesis.... Choosing of the research problem and stating the hypothesis clearly reveals the researchers' command over social research procedure....
The Effects of Colour on Human Psychological Functioning
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Pre-planned comparisons would be carried out in order to examine the specific hypothesis in this experiment.... The results would either support the hypothesis that participants who viewed the colour green prior to an anagram test performed better on the test than who viewed red or black.... Otherwise, the null hypothesis will be accepted....
Anthropology: Reconstructing Lost Civilizations
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With this method, there is no proof in science no matter how many experiments agree with once hypothesis, or how much data one has (Feder).... These steps include: choosing a problem, developing hypothesis, witting procedure, testing the formulated hypothesis and sharing the obtained solution (Fagan).... The bones found in the Tomb provide a very important support for the hypothesis that the occupant was Yax K'uk Mo.... They next look at the data to see if it supports the formulated hypothesis....
The Role of Non-verbal Communication
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Finally, Stier and Hall stated that women are likely to respond to touch and this forms the basis of the alternative hypothesis.... A hypothesis is a tentative statement that is made by a researcher at the beginning of the research and it is tested for its truthfulness and falsity throughout the research (Kothari, 2009).... Thus, the hypothesis is:
... 1 is the alternative hypothesis and the H0 is the null hypothesis....
Description of the Triangulation
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Deduction relates with positivism and the natural science models of social research and is the opposite of induction.... hypothesis A hypothesis denotes a statement that describes the assumption made by a researcher.... hypothesis may also explain or suggest a conclusion made by a researcher with respect to a phenomenon of interest.... In addition to setting the stage for a research project, hypothesis dictates the appropriate research design a researcher should follow and provides a guide to research action....
The Logic of Scientific Discoveries
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Popper asserted that any hypothesis or theoretical assumption takes on a scientific nature when it is capable of falsification.... Popper (2002) explains the value of falsification as follows: If the degree of falsifiability is increased, then introducing the hypothesis has actually strengthened the theory: the system now rules out more than it did previously: it prohibits more (62).... Popper (2002) explains this enigma as follows: The introduction of an auxiliary hypothesis should always be regarded as an attempt to construct a new system: and this new system should then always be judged on the issue of whether it would, if adopted, constitute a real advance in our knowledge of the world (62)....
Second Language Acquisition
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he natural order Hypotheses:-This is critical of the language learning rules, it insists teachers should not be tied up in following specific set of rules while teaching a second language (Stephen Krashen, 1983).... onitor hypothesis:-Here there is the description within the relationship of learning a specific language and acquiring that specific language.... ) Output hypothesis
... There is a unique order of second language acquisition, one is in a position to clearly see similarities among as to which structure is likely to be adopted the first and which is likely to be adopted later (Brown, 1973)....
Engineering Techniques for Stabilizing Landslides
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Research starts with a hypothesis.... After the research has been conducted, the hypothesis is either rejected or accepted.... ata gaps; Tsunami hypothesis:
... Some opportunities of the landslide tsunami hypothesis.... Alteration of ground geometry without adequate understanding of the soil dynamics and equilibrium induces instability in it, and it may slide any time to release the stresses in order to regain its lost equilibrium....
Empirical Evidence in Different Areas of Knowledge
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On its part, the naturalistic observation is characterized by detailed phenomenon observation within the natural setting it is in, and as at the time of the observation.... This fundamentally implies that empirical evidence is not merely simple and plain facts but those that are relevant, whether they do or they don't support a particular hypothesis.... On the one hand, if an investigator has the hypothesis that ‘person A killed person B', and in the process finds many great facts that support the hypothesis such as a bullet cartridge and a smoking gun, verified fingerprints among others, then the investigator can be said to have enough proof of his/her case....
Political Science Questions Evaluation
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A hypothesis is a temporary answer to a research problem that can be proved or disproved upon sufficient investigation.
... The control variables are introduced based on the researcher's experience, a conceptual framework or a hypothesis.
... A hypothesis is a temporary answer to a research problem that can be proved or disproved upon sufficient investigation.
... hypothesis that tries to prove something that does not exist by looking for a non-existent proof....
Theory as the Distinguishing Feature in Scientific Enterprise
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Scientific theories are well-proven explanations of some happenings or states of the natural word, which have their basis on certain established facts that are repeatedly confirmed through experiments and, observations.... All people do rationally reason and have some common knowledge about the natural environment where they live, but only few devote their time in reasoning and carrying out experiments to gain a better understanding of their phenomena.... n the earlier days, people used ideas and myths which were based either on outlined religious alliances or some common magical beliefs to explain the natural phenomena....
Financial vs Education Sector in Developing a Nation
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n order to carry on with the analysis, a sample of 50 nations have been collected, a list of which has been provided in the appendix to the chapter.... The paper "Financial vs Education Sector in Developing a Nation" analyzes how far the GDP of an average developing economy changes for changes in either secondary education enrolments in the nation or improvising the financial position of the nation....
Whether HSE Is Genuine or Not
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These research questions will be answered through a hypothesis testing.... As Dythamxvii noted, hypothesis testing is the cornerstone of scientific analysis.... Tests are carried out to determine whether a stated hypothesis is correct.... The hypothesis is rejected or accepted based on the P-values observed.... Usually, the null hypothesis (the hypothesis that nothing is going on) is the one that is accepted or rejected based on the calculated probabilities....
Natural Cocaine Production in Plants
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Aside from merely trying to find out the mechanism behind the natural synthesis of cocaine by the coca plant itself, another purpose of the research is that if the details of the natural synthesis of cocaine are known, then it is possible that only the beneficial properties of cocaine can be retained while the harmful ones are eliminated.... The significance of this fact is that if one were to uncover the details of the natural synthesis of cocaine, then it is possible to study it from the point of view of the other plants to which the coca plant is related (How Plants Make Cocaine, 2012).
...
Animal Behavior in Nature
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) b) Form a hypothesis about the circumstances that favor the evolution of sneaker strategy.... y hypothesis as to why the sneaking strategy is favored in certain circumstances is that it succeeds evolutionary because f a disparity in the population of females.... ) c) How could you test this empirically What predictions do you make if the hypothesis is true
... o test this hypothesis empirically would prove to be a challenge....
The Scientific methods psychologists use
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However, it observes the findings that occur only in the natural settings.... The method is advantageous because the psychologists can develop a narrative hypothesis effective for testing the hypotheses.... Sometimes, individuals may behave in a manner in order to enable the researcher to conform what he or she expected.... The psychologist makes experiments by repeating the presentations and dimensions in order to control the desired outcomes....
Introductory Statistics: Conducting a Survey to Support a Research
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The measure is an integral part of statistical hypothesis testing and is used as a crucial value of judgment.... hypothesis refers to the proposed explanation for a phenomenon.... Whereas people confuse and use theory and hypothesis interchangeably, they bear different meanings.... A hypothesis, on the other hand, has not undergone any research and is usually lined up for thorough and rigorous research to test its accuracy.... A working hypothesis refers to the provisionally accepted hypothesis for further research....
Speculative Investor Behaviour in a Stock Market with Heterogeneous Expectations
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hung (1974) as an hypothesis for the Proposition 1, where speculative prices are intended as outcomes of a “fair” game, with main actions (and variable) intended as buy, sell and hold.
... similar reasoning has been carried out some decades later by Gordon; nowadays there is no doubt on the interdependence between dividend consistence, dividend growth and their positive externalities on share price, and consensus has been found on a broader basis in support of this hypothesis.
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Capital Market Efficiency Hypotheses: Observations in Croatia
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On the Efficient Markets hypothesis.... Capital Market Efficiency Hypotheses - observations in Croatia ID 19714 order No.... The author analyzes stock market efficiency hypotheses and applied the same as per experiences in Croatia.... The author presents an understanding of Capital Market Efficiency Hypotheses and applies the understanding from Croatian perspective that corporations cannot fool the markets using accounting....
World Trade and Environmental Issues
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Eco-psychologists and deep ecologists suggest that people should treat the natural environment as part of human life.... he Gaia hypothesis can also be instrumental in solving environmental issues.... Based on this hypothesis, the earth can be considered a living organism that is self-sustaining.... Thus, water sources such as oceans, streams, rivers, and lakes have to be preserved in order to resolve environmental issues.... orld trade can be affected by a number of factors; in order to ensure a smooth flow of trade, countries should make efforts to address and resolve the issues that affect world trade....
Second Language Teaching and Learning
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I will first start with the natural approach, stated by Krashen & Terrel (1983).... To teach effectively, the natural approach, whole language approach (WLA), situational approach, communicative language teaching (CLT), task-based language teaching (TBLT) and community language learning (CLL) were presented as approaches in teaching speaking.... the natural Approach: Language Acquisition in the
... Among the above five theoretical models I would like to highlight the acquisition-learning hypothesis, input hypothesis and the affective filter hypothesis since these three hypotheses are generally related to learning how to speak.
...
Second Language Teaching and Learning
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I will first start with the natural approach, stated by Krashen & Terrel (1983).... Natural approach the natural approach by Krashen & Terrel (1983) puts importance on the interactive role of the language and stresses the communicative skills in language learning.... Among the above five theoretical models I would like to highlight the acquisition-learning hypothesis, input hypothesis and the affective filter hypothesis since these three hypotheses are generally related to learning how to speak....
MBA Strategic Managment
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The researcher of this coursework focuses on developing not only some hypothesis on the topic of successful corporate alliances, but also tries to argue some issues that are connected to it as well.... This essay summarizes and deeply analyzes three articles and essays that are to support and/or refute suggested hypothesis.... he hypothesis I developed in synthesizing my questions in this area are as follows:
... he articles I researched to support and/or refute my hypothesis are summarized below:
...
Compare and Contrast Various Research Concepts
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Research normally includes a number of difficult processes such as situation analysis, data collection, hypothesis development, quantitative or qualitative analysis and presenting the findings etc.... Managers or specialized team assigned by the managers in most organizations engage in studying and analyzing organizational issues in order to find better solutions to it and help the organization run smoothly.... Most business organizations invest heavily in R&D in order to equip them with sufficient information and knowledge base that have relatively long-term use and dependability....
The Estimated Economic Model
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nfl = Change in the rate of inflation over the last five years, calculated as the difference between the natural logarithms of CPI for years 1990 and 1985 and
... rdinary Least Square method has been used to estimate the regression model (1), after which the estimated coefficients have been subjected to hypothesis testing, with their respective hypotheses as follows –
... o test compliance with the first hypothesis, the model will be subjected to an F-test; while for the remaining three, the relevant test will be Student's t-statistic....
The impact of advertisement on female customers in Doha
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Typical procedures contained within the scientific framework include methodology, hypothesis and data analysis sections.... One provision within the scientific research framework if hypothesis.... According to Kothari (2008), the hypothesis provides a directional sense on conducting a research exercise.... In this regard, the hypothesis statement for the research states that use of idealized thin women in fast food advertisements increase the consumption of fast food among the female consumers....
Trust in Teams
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The description from this is satisfactory providing concise examples say like the affection members of a group have with each other which helps to build affective trust or the natural thought that group members have to trust each other for the success of the group which builds cognitive trust.... heory/Framework Used to Develop the Hypotheses: Every research hypothesis proposed is usually a build up of one or more theories or frameworks used by the researcher and these frameworks will be studied from the articles to understand how the hypotheses proposed came about....
How Quantitative and Qualitative Methodologies May Be Used To Research Topics in Sport and Exercise
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In this case, attempts using frames of references are made to comprehend small groups of participants; instead, of testing hypothesis on a large sample (Kemper, Stringfield & Teddlie, 2003, 273).... However, quantitative methodology applies deductive hypothesis from the theory, which are tested through empirical or confirmatory study.... Therefore, quantitative methodology develops hypothesis, which is an integral part of research process that is aimed at establishing ample theory based on observation made during the study....
Research Knowledge Assessment
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Researchers have to battle with the natural inclination to judge phenomena based on their subjective opinions.... The scientific method is a way of scientific enquiry that is guided by hypothesis and empirical reasoning.... There is a similarity between conceptual framework and theoretical framework in that both help in the development of research questions and hypothesis, and in the reinforcement and creation of change in research studies.... A hypothesis allows a researcher to make tentative conclusion about a phenomenon....
Chocolate and Its Effects on Mood
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hypothesis is a guess or a proposition that is educative whose aim lies on the attempt of explaining a set of facts.... In this study the hypothesis will be tested meaning that the variables and the outcome will be measurable.... In addition, null and scientific hypothesis will be applied where in null hypotheses results of the study will be due to chance while in scientific hypothesis results will be based on true effect.... Therefore the hypothesis test will be as follows
...
Critical Assessments of Two Archaeology Articles
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In other words, some hypotheses are so ridiculous that there must be a way to dispute them, but without a methodology for verifying hypotheses that have some validity, there is no recourse to dispute any hypothesis.... The problem that exists within this concept is that another researcher may find ways in which to manipulate data to support his or her hypothesis while ignoring the variations that would refute it.... In addition, the nature of the energy required to heat the bodies that they had developed was such that the high levels of calories were needed to make it function properly and that during the time of year when food was most difficult to obtain, higher levels of calories would be needed in order to supported additional efficiency in maintaining body temperature....
Scientific Knowledge Issues - Human vs Natural Sciences
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??One of the main differences between the natural and Human Sciences is the object of study: while the natural Sciences observe and experiment on the world of nature, the Human Sciences focus more on human behavior.... Humans are, arguably, less predictable and stable than the natural world, so the conclusions about our behavior should be more provisional than the conclusions reached” (Theory of Knowledge).... For example, at the time of writing this paper, large hadron collider experiment is going on in order to find out a basic particle called Higg's boson....
Impact of Family Size on Socialization Process
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Impact of Family Size on Socialization Process Module title: Module no: Submission date: The present paper aims to explore the impact of the size of family on the socialization process of the children.... Since family serves as the primary and most important institution of society, it certainly enjoys the status of the foundation stone of a socio-cultural establishment....
Evolution of Planktonic Larval Forms from Benthic Bilateral Animals
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The hypothesis asserts with evidence that adult body plans of metazoans resulted first and later came the larvae as ecological conditions changed.... The hypothesis suggesting that the benthic metazoans were the original and then the pelagic larvae evolved later seems more logical.... This fact also exposes a weakness of the larvae-first hypothesis.... This implies convergence of genes that lacks ion the larvae-first hypothesis....
Qualitative and Quantitative Research Methodologies
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The purpose of this paper "Qualitative and Quantitative Research Methodologies" is to argue in favour of the use of qualitative and quantitative research methods to assess 100 risk factors collected over a period of five years based on interviews and considered as the primary data for a research study....
Pill Bugs Prefer Moisture Content of Water over Soda
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This work called "PillBugs Prefer Moisture Content of Water over Soda" describes experiments on the basis of the hypothesis that pill bugs preferred water moist environment was proved to be true.... Experiments were conducted and on the basis of the observations the hypothesis that pill bugs preferred water moist environment was proved to be true, thus the null hypothesis were rejected.... In the first experiment, observations were made to prove the hypothesis that pill bugs prefer moist condition than dry condition....
The efficiency of teaching
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167) Reid (1993) presents a motivational definition of reflective thinking as “a process of reviewing an experience of practice in order to describe, analyze, evaluate and so inform learning about practice.... ?? Van Manen defines reflection in terms of a means of mental action that distances the person from events in order that they may be viewed in a more objective manner.... This is where the profession erred and went away from natural life style....