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This paper asserts the presence of delinquent youth gangs in the United States and explores their activities, what influences those activities, and their effects on societies. Gang members commit acts of crime in their areas and wreak havoc on innocent communities. They pose a threat to society and a challenge to government and law enforcement agencies.
International trade organizations have attempted to further develop the international trade system since the Bretton Woods Conference was convened in 1944. The reason for this is that international trade law regulates and covers a wide area of commercial transactions; for instance, commercial contracts, the sale of products, transportation of goods, insurance, finance and banking regulations.
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The Act contains amended measures on the following issues: company communications with shareholders; company director’s duties; and financial and non-financial reporting. In regard to the duties of company directors, the Act maintained a principal duty of directors as acting in the shareholders’ interests.
Many articles have been discussed in parliament in an effort to discuss the economic, philosophical, legal and organizational implications of privatization of Juvenile Facilities. In late 1999, facilities that were privately operated held approximately 30% of all the juveniles who were in residential placement.
As per the request for the email to reach by the next COB day, she had done so and her email reached peter’s system by 4:45 pm, and by the route chosen. Another important legal issue, in this case, is the intention to get legally bound and considered. The intention is the objective of both parties to get legally bound and is often determined by the court's objective.
An even bigger debate can be ignited on the issue of the death penalty concerning those that participate in what is considered a capital crime but do not actually commit the crime themselves. In deciding this issue, and with respect to the Eighth Amendment prohibiting “cruel and unusual punishment”, the Supreme Court has adopted both a subjective and an objective approach.
The European Court of Justice has been very vital to the member states since its formation. It is clear that different countries might adapt and make decisions in different ways; different questions might be interpreted in different ways and applied in different ways, through the control of national courts.
The case OOO et al v. Commissioner of Metropolitan Police of 2011, is a case involving the infringement of human rights. Based on the case, the Queen’s division held that a violation of the basic human rights of the claimants had been committed. The claimants included four Nigerian ladies. The conclusions were reached on the basis of the provisions of articles 3 and 4 of the ECHR.
A ban on the wearing of items of clothing and other symbols of religious significance is proportionate due to the democratic values that such a ban protects. Introduction Since the beginning of twenty-first century, increasing number of European countries are facing dilemmas arising from the use of hijab (headscarf) and the burqa or niqab (the full veil) by Muslim women in public places and social institutions, like schools and colleges.
How can the police OR prison OR probation service be seen to be effective? Critically examine measures used and explore alternatives. The theory behind imprisonment is to isolate the wrong-doer from the society as the person can be harmful and dangerous to other people, and also stop him from enjoying civil liberties, thus enhancing the sense of deprivation and lack of freedom as a punishment to deter him from repeating the crime in the future.
We get from the case that the property in the mountains was his, owing to the fact that his co-owners were all dead, his departed buddies Andy, Howard and Floyd. The purchase was made more than three decades ago, and Barney had not been to the place in two decades.
Lockerbie is a landmark case where several doctrines on the judicial review of SC decisions have been first articulated. The incident central to the case was the explosion of Pan American Flight 103 over Lockerbie, Scotland, on 21 December 1988, killing 259 passengers and crew and eleven persons on the ground.
(Summarise in to your own words –No more than 50 words) Section 6 of the Public act 1992 defines the object of the HSEA as far as duties are concerned. The section prescribes that employers are instructed to provide and maintain; a conducive work environment, facilities for safety and health and ensure protection against hazards that may result from duty as prescribed in part A (d).
It should be made sure that the strategy designed must be followed in proper order and systematically. The strategy can only work out if it is followed accordingly. This mission must be kept secret and very few people who are believed to be honest and devoted must be included in this mission and no other person should be informed about it.
Yoshimura (2000) defines parole as a process that involves conditionally releasing an offender from prison so that he or she can serve the remaining sentence in the community according to the terms of the sentence that the court would impose. Often, offenders released under parole serve the remaining sentence in the community under community corrections officer supervision.
In an attempt to understand what motivates a criminal, as well as where they will strike next, the field of psychological profiling comes into play. It is hoped that, by examining clues and looking for patterns in the crimes that have been committed, a means of somehow identifying what type of person would commit such a crime will emerge.
It resulted in several wrongful convictions as well as discriminatory treatment. He sighted that because of the significant irregularities, the state would abolish the death sentence from the judicial system. The aspect of the death penalty has proved to be a controversial subject in the United States, which stems from the lack of essential evidence to convict criminals.
In the 19th century women actively participated in political matters as the middle class developed within the society1. By the 20th century, issues of juvenile delinquency and mothers’ neglect had already emerged. The issue of violence and battery became a public issue as the women who were the main victims voiced out their grievances.
Protection of privacy is vastly protected as a right expressed in Article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) (property and private life) and the Data Protection Act (information). In other words, only when rights to privacy are infringed will the claimant have a right claim for invasion of privacy.
The recent revisions made in the Law were required to ensure a greater application of the law, both in the letter and in the spirit, and a greater ease of flow of information between the shareholders and the board.
In such a scenario, the director can be said to be careless in the oversight of a corporation's operations in relation to finances and asset management. In most of these cases, the board is aware of the negligent mismanagement, but for some reason, mostly personal, they ignore it.
Weapons, Personal Protection and Use of Force
The legislative body of the United States of America in the year, 1791 introduced second amendment according to which in 1791 “A well regulated militia, being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms, shall not be infringed." (Gutmacher, 2006) In the case of District of Columbia v.
United Nations defined terrorism in 1992 as a method which inspires to perform the violent actions repeatedly by any organization, group or even by an individual for any personal political or criminal purposes.
Today many people are able to access healthcare despite their low-income wages due to the implementation of reform policies that are successful like the Medicare and Medicaid policies. Continuous positive feedback from the people has allowed policies to be retained with extremely limited alterations made to them.
The country of Singapore, boasting more than 40 stem cell research labs, is commonly referred to as “Asia’s stem cell centre.” The tiny nation off the coast of southern Malaysia has been vigorously recruiting top scientists around the world as part of a concentrated effort to become a leader in biomedical research.
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For the case of the police department, there are several difficulties faced by people who fall in the profession. In this paper, we talk to policemen and see the nature of problems that policemen who dedicate their lives to gourd the society face. Introduction The aim of this research is to investigate the nature of life that policemen live while they are in the line of duty.
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Georgia Department of Corrections is an example. This paper seeks to develop a strategic plan for the organization. The paper will offer a review of the institution, and develop a plan that considers themes of communication, coordination, and cooperation.
United States vs Recio
This was a conspiracy case in which the plaintiff was the United States government and the defendants were, Francisco Jimenez Recio and Adrian Lopez Meza on similar charges.
In this case, it happened that a truck, carrying illegal drugs to be distributed was intercepted by police and stopped.
All insurance dealings are based on the principle of utmost good faith. The European Commission has formed rules that determine which member state's laws should govern insurance contracts. According to United States General Accounting, the EC subjects insurance policies to the local laws of member states in which the respective policyholders reside.
Given the competitive nature of businesses and the desire to actualize profit maximization, cases that touch on tort law still appear in the court law. Nonetheless, there are tort cases that stem from accidents, unforeseen and even foreseen circumstances that harm clients.
Although almost every country encourages the capital punishment for certain offences in some form or the other, there are several debates as well in regard to the concerned issue (“Debate: Death Penalty”). Thus, while there are arguments supporting the death penalty considering the appropriateness, cost and other factors, there exist other arguments that are against such a method of punishment considering it to be inhuman (“The Pros and Cons of Capital Punishment”).
By the early part of the 20th century, full-time research was taken on using these cells. Initially stem cells began on animal cell lines and later switched to human cells. Stem cells are of 3 main times including totipotent cells, pluripotent cells and multipotent cells.
North Carolina enacted the system in order to provide credibility and maintain uniformity of the criminal justice system. The sentence is truthful since all early parole releases are prohibited by law. The Law classifies felonies in to classes starting from Class A to Class I depending on the severity of the crime.
White Collar Crime/ Corporate Crime. The concept of white collar crime was initially put forward by Edwin Sutherland, a renowned criminologist and sociologist, in 1939, in a speech when he was talking to the American Sociological Society, emphasizing upon the inclusion of, in the study of criminology, criminal activities performed by reputed businessmen and corporations.
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The conclusion from this study states that tort cases over the past years until the present have convinced judges to consistently allow defendants to gain access to online public and private communications, basic information about individuals, including those considered as very private and deleted because of sensitive matters.
Due diligence was conducted for three months which started around October of 1999. However, according to the details of the purchase agreement Shan was only permitted to conduct “reasonable non-intrusive environmental inspections, compliance audits and assessments.” The agreement further states that if Shan require a more comprehensive assessment and compliance audits Shan Industry has to rely on the auditors hired by Tyco International only.
The issue of tax is an important aspect of the economic world. The financial transactions tax is on top of the agenda and it proposes an introduction of a financial introduction tax by the European commission amongst its 27 state members by 2014. This tax is meant to have an impact on financial transactions amongst institutions of finance that charge against the bonds and shares exchange across contract derivatives.
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It was clear that, in those actions, the plaintiffs hunted for injunctive relief pursuant for the denial of their eighth and fourteenth amendment rights. This article will list problematic issues for prisons in the case and their solutions. This paper will also compare these problems with the current state of prisons.
Either way, an agreement must meet some elements in order to be considered legally binding. In case two parties have entered into a legally binding agreement and by any chance one party defaults or breaches the agreement, the party is liable for a payment of damages, either financially or through a specific performance of the action the party ought to have performed.
Due to their flexibility, derivatives allow the investor to explore a full range of investment strategies. This includes hedging, speculation and arbitrage. In addition to this, derivatives offer sophisticated management of risk. They allow for gearing or what is known as leverage.
In the Enlightened Shareholder Value approach, much focus is given to “corporate stakeholders, including the environment, employees, and local communities” which are considered important in establishing long-term shareholder benefits. Much debate has been seen throughout the years on what the goals of corporations should be.
A Critical Analysis of Article 5 of UCP 600 Introduction The International Chamber of Commerce’s (ICC) Uniform Customs and Practice 600 (UCP 600) revised the practice rules relative to letters of credit in 2006 and thus replaced UCP 600 1993.1 Pursuant to Article 5 of UCP 600 cautions that banks do not deal with goods and services and are confined to dealing with documents.2 Therefore Article 5 of UCP 600 sets forth the rationale for the autonomous nature of the letter of credit and segregates if from the contract to which it relates.3 There are some problems that can arise from the autonomy of the letters of credit.
There are laws that have existed in various European governments that are meant to govern and outline procedures and steps that can help in ensuring companies faced with insolvency do not close up. This involves putting such companies under administrative receivership; this implies putting the whole company under the watch and management of a secured creditor.
HIV incidence is still elevated for incarcerated populaces than for the universal population. In actuality, it has been projected that amid 17% and 25% of individuals who have HIV within America pass via the correctional system. This paper will discuss the health risk of HIV/AIDS in corrections.
This paper will discuss the categories of critical infrastructure that concern law enforcement agencies and structures in their country that should be listed as critical targets. The essay will also discuss whether local politics should be involved when developing this list and ways to deal with the local politics involvement.
Sexual orientation is another cornerstone to the elimination of discrimination issues in the workplace. Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender employees report considerable difficulties in the workplace. In the survey conducted by Badgett, Lau, Sears and Ho (2007), between 16% and 18% of LGBT employees reported discrimination experiences.
Recent trends indicate that the business environment has become very competitive. Monopolistic firms in different industries have assumed anticompetitive tendencies in a bid to respond to the merging market demands. Legal provisions have been instrumental in curbing this
Prior to the revolution, US employers and employees had almost similar bargaining power. However, in 1800s, when the US became industrialized employers acquired more purchasing power than their employees. This was as a result of emergence of legislations that regulated the working conditions, the responsibilities of employers towards employees, working conditions and employee’s benefits and salaries.
The principle of non-refoulment was initially stated in Article 33(1) of the 1951 Geneva Convention concerning the Status of Refugees (1951 Refugee Convention). The Article has a provision that no contracting country shall return or expel a refugee in any way to the borders of territories where his freedom or life may be endangered.
The modern-day business environment is compounded by a host of technicalities that stem from the relations that individuals and corporations establish and maintain. In order to operate effectively and benefit optimally from their business endeavors, both individuals and corporations have been forced to establish and maintain legally binding relationships.