Psychology Essays

Johannes Muller was a German physiologist who lived from 1801-1858. He attended the University of Bohn where he learned his appreciation for the study of anatomy and physiology. He had a viewpoint which consisted of both an empirical method as well as a naturalistic approach.

An essay gives us an idea that emotions also play an important role in conflicts in that if it remains uncontrolled, it can lead to hurt feelings that will result in lasting damage to relationships between parties.

These disorders occur due to a mix of several factors including personal, familial and cultural aspects. This paper will evaluate the major causes of these eating disorders, their prevalence in the population, their diagnosis as well as the recommended interventions and treatments.

In addition, the scientists started looking to heavens in order to understand how the Earth was formed and what humanity’s place in the universe was. In each of these instances, there was either laboratory evidence or mathematical proof to provide the evidence necessary to support the theory.

A person with diathesis is vulnerable to mental disorder at the onset of stress factor. Diathesis vulnerability can cause psychological disorder if the person is exposed to stressful circumstances. Diathesis stress model was reformulated during the span of previous 20 years in to stress vulnerability protective factors model.

The study used a vignette to elicit responses from Australian school students aged 12 – 16 years. The analysis shows that while all three relationships were moderate in strength; only the relationships between behavior perceived as indicative of mental illness and psycho-social reasons and social distance were statistically significant.

in the autobiography of Kay Redfield Jamison entitled An Unquiet Mind, Dr. Jamison is a renowned Professor of Psychiatry at John Hopkins School of Medicine. Although Dr. Jamison is an extremely educated individual, she has profound insight into mental illness due to her own lifelong struggle with the manic-depressive disorder.

While Freud originally intended that psychoanalysis be a science, the debate on psychotherapy is far from over, with some quarters claiming that it is both an art and a science (Guilfoyle, 2005). Freud in his arguments noted that the mind and intellect being objects for scientific study are exactly the same as non-human things that can be scientifically studied.

The article addresses the extent to which prejudice affects personal cognitive functioning. Cognitive costs of disclosure to unclear versus blatant prejudice should relate to a person’s previous experience with prejudice. Consequently, the issue in this context is addressed separately for ethnic marginal White and blacks.

It is basically the study of human behavior regarding different situations, i.e., how a person or a group of person react while facing a particular kind of situation. By studying the behaviorism, human psychology can be well understood effectively. Hence by studying a variety of cases, psychologists become able to drive a generality about human behavior & find the ways of treatment of different psychological problems.

Students are encouraged to develop a balanced view of the major theories and practical techniques of the various approaches which are commonly used by counselors, to consider the potential and limitation of each approach, and develop a personal counseling style.

Excellent research with references from scientific journals and articles. Good (70-79%) Ability to coherently and academically research on the topic and write in a clear manner. In-depth research on the topic with more than 4 sources from academic journals.

His sister Deborah Morgan also works with in the Police department as a detective. He spends his entire day in working with the homicide division by examining crime scenes and analyzing data in a laboratory. Since he can access freely data from the department, it was easy for him to plan on how to locate his new target.

The sub divisions are extraversion, conscientiousness, neuroticism, intellect and agreeableness. They named the five factors the big five. Extraversion refers to trait where one is energetic, outgoing, talkative, enthusiastic and assertive. Neuroticism is a trait defined as sensitivity and nervousness.

266, 2006). However, initially, as identified by the study conducted by Safer, Tharps, Jackson, Leventhal (1979), the time of delaying the seeking of medical assistance is the first problem of health services, rather than just improving the interaction between the patient and doctor.

It is a transition between sleep and wakefulness. An awakened individual might not realize that he/she was dreaming. This is the stage of light sleep where an individual easily drifts into and away from sleep. One can easily be awakened and the eyes exhibit slow movement and decreased muscle activity.

That is why it becomes an integral task for every psychology, marriage, family, or addiction counselor, to have proper awareness about these critical stages. Physically, infants begin further development of the already intact sensory systems, and show unique reflexive behaviors.

As individuals engage in contact with others on Facebook they begin to develop an online identity that is not plagued by issues that can shadow social interaction in real life. The individual can reveal as much or as little as they choose, even though there is the inherent danger that someone who is a contact or friend can reveal something that is undesired through commentary on an individual’s page.

In everyday life, individuals experience various issues such as work stress, sexual abuse, childhood’s abuse and various other subjects; researchers analyze these issues and provide information about how these issues impact people of different ages and provide in-depth view of how to deal with these issues and how to treat people who are experiencing them.

In addition, because of immaturity, indulgence in risky behavior, in teenagers, can be explained with incomplete brain development thus, drug use and its effects on teenage brain development should be investigated. Throughout childhood, the brain develops a very high number of connections between brain cells, which in adolescence begin to prune back.

The researcher states that stress level is higher in college students compared to high school students. The high school students experience stress because of the overwhelming physical and psychological changes they experience in their adolescent stage. College students, on the other hand, stress because of life realities, especially the shift from dependence to self-dependence.

Humans not only are unique but also they have universal personalities among themselves for instance self- efficacy, activity, and environmental influence. There are personality disorders that affect an individual’s relationship with others and portray them as against the order in society, for example, compulsion, and force.

This paper will discuss the cognitive behavioral treatment modalities for PTSD in police officers. CBT employs principles of conditioning and learning to remedy disorders, and comprises modules from both cognitive and behavioral therapy. CBT modules that may be utilized in the cure of PTSD (posttraumatic stress disorder) either independently as “varieties” of CBT or utilized in combination comprise cognitive restructuring, exposure, a variety of coping abilities or apprehension management, as well as psycho-education.

As a function of seeking to determine these faulty decision-making mechanisms, the following analysis will seek to provide evidence of four biases and errors in decision-making. Secondly an analysis and discussion into the presence of groupthink, group shift, transformational leadership, transactional leadership, maintenance roles, and task roles will be defined and elaborated upon.

itive elements to this study (delete as appropriate)? NO If you are unclear about what this means in relation to your research please discuss with your Supervisor first Does the study involve ANY of the following? Clinical populations; Children (under 16 years); Vulnerable adults such as individuals with mental or physical health problems, prisoners, vulnerable elderly, young offenders; Political, ethnic or religious groups/minorities; Sexually explicit material / issues relating to sexuality; Mood induction; Deception NO If the study involves any of the first three groups above, the researcher may need CRB (police check).

This paper consists of two parts. The first is a literature review, describing Experiential Therapy, particularly in its application to family counseling. Descriptions of various specific and integrative applications of Experiential Therapy are reviewed with an aim to understand its diverse range of suitability as a counseling approach. The second part of this paper is a reflection on personal faith integration with this preferred approach.

Zimbardo, Johnson & McCann say that in most cases there is a blanket classification of people who act out of the ordinary as mentally unstable. Zimbardo, Johnson & McCann provide an example of how society uses stereotypes to categorize people into groups of the mentally sound and the mentally sick by using a study carried out by David Rosenhan.  

While, in the process of coming to a verdict, they come into conflict with one of the jurors who believes that the boy is innocent and that all the evidence presented against him is circumstantial. It seems that the jurors, all of whom seem to come from the middle class, are biased against the boy because he comes from a disadvantaged background.

The foremost objectives of this chapter thus include: providing an explanation of the foundations of diagnosis, introducing the reader to the levels of diagnosis which are expounded upon later in the succeeding chapters of the book and establishing the basics of diagnosis to equip the audience with an awareness and background information to assist the comprehension of the remaining components of the book.

However, the evidence that one rarely thinks about, supports ordinary claims. Extraordinary claims, therefore, require extraordinary evidence since they contradict claims that have the support of extraordinary evidence. The principle of falsifiability contends that, for any claim to be meaningful, in principle, it should be falsifiable, i.e.

Horney considered a wide variety of interpersonal relationship situations that would lead to basic anxiety. In her book Our Inner Conflicts: A Constructive Theory Of Neurosis, she identifies many of these factors that include erratic behavior, lack of reliability, isolation, discrimination, lack of guidance, and indifference among others (Horney, 1945).

Freud’s Teaching about Law. The regulation of the practice and learning of psychoanalysis is not a new phenomenon. In many states across the world, there are laws that prohibit people who are not trained to be doctors from offering diagnostic and treatment services to neurotics.

A good example is the eye which in most cases only scans the general information in the environment. This is why it is possible for an individual to create an illusion of something that is not there in real sense. One of the oldest experiments which was designed to demonstrate this was the experiment by psychologist John Ridley Stroop who succeeded in showing how the brain processes information in a semiautomatic way.

However after I had talked to him and observed him in consequent visits, I realized the first day was one of the good days and he could sometimes walk around in filthy clothes without seeming to be bothered in the least. I met him working at the Bergen County Health, Housing and Human Service Center for the Christ Community Development Corp, which is a shelter program that incorporates the provision of food shelter and counseling for individuals wanting to make changes in their lives.

The paper operates mainly based on research question which can be stated as follows: How theory can be used in counseling Kindergarten-6th graders? The paper also presents research support for theory particularly the research suggests that the Rogerian theory is good in respect that it increases a patient’s sense of self-worth and reverses his/her state of incongruence.

Messmer (2011) notes that motivated employees perform better than employees who are not motivated. Apparently, so many employers have not recognized the importance of motivating their employees. At the same time, the few that understand the value of motivation in enhancing the performances of employees do not know the techniques to adopt and the circumstances where such techniques are applicable or necessary.

The topic of attachment was picked because it forms the basis of human development. It is also been discovered that attachment in its self occurs in stages and in different intensities. Moreover, the development of attachments is greatly and clearly manifested in infants.

Mesencephalon: The Mesencephalon is located in front of the pons and in between the forebrain and the hindbrain. It is a very important part of the brain as it plays a crucial role in proper coordination of spinal cord and the brain in the central nervous system.

During the course of my research I came across an interesting paper that discussed the increasingly common behavior of smoking and the social implications that contributed to encouraging this behavior. In this research Poutvaara, 2007, talks about how active smoking is now a major cause of health problems and a advanced death.

Before going into the discussion regarding the principles of operant conditioning, let us get a better understanding of what operant conditioning actually is. Smith states, “Operant conditioning is a form of behaviour modification which is used to either decrease or increase the likelihood that a particular behaviour will occur”.

Use of Illegal drugs has become a common issue related to youth. There are many reasons why youth likes to take drugs. Some of the main reasons include bad company, intoxication, and temporary decrease in depression. The intoxication associated with the use of illegal drugs and the relaxation that a person feels by taking illegal drugs are some of the main causes behind increase in the graph of illegal drug use.

These substances when taken in excess adversely affect the functioning and ability exhibited by that individual and may also cause health related concerns (Havens, Simmons, Shannon, Hansen, 2008). When substance use occurs during a pregnancy or in the time just before pregnancy or after childbirth, it is a distinct possibility that the child’s development will be affected in some way.

The term “schizophrenia” was coined in 1911 by a Swiss Psychiatrist Eugen Bleuler. The term schizophrenia is of Greek origin and means split mind. Schizophrenia is caused by a combination of factors including genetics, brain chemistry, and the environment. It is a chronic disease which cannot be cured.

It is also more common among the men than in women and those afflicted with this disorder can have little or no interest at all in developing normal relationships with other people. Unlike those diagnosed with the closest and almost similar disorders of schizotypal personal disorder and also the avoidant personality disorder, persons diagnosed with schizoid personality disorder do not have the characteristic cognitive perceptual distortions (schizotypal) nor the intense unexpressed desire to have relationships but avoid them due to exaggerated fears of rejection (avoidant type).

As the paper, Theory of Self Actualization, declares the highest needs are the last to be fulfilled, and the least likely to be fulfilled by any individual. According to Maslow, the needs that motivate a human may be categorized into physiological needs; Safety needs, need for affiliation, need for Achievement, and need for Self actualization.

Stein, et al noted that panic disorder is a learned fear of a particular physical sensation while agoraphobia is a behavioral response in expectation of encountering physical sensations or complete panic attack (27). This paper examines panic disorder, focusing on panic disorder with agoraphobia.

Modern technology has engrossed lives to an extent that it has become integral part of our daily lives. We wake up in the morning with Smartphone in hand and browsing our inboxes and sleep at night with the same activity. Modern technology has engulfed us to a level that not a single minute passes by without a beep from our phones informing us of a new text message, an e-mail, a status update or comment on social network site etc.

Studies have underlined that abnormality or madness has some historical backdrops and it may be as old as mankind. Ancient myths and religious doctrines have provided substantial information about abnormality. Hinduism and Christianity have marked the presence of abnormality and their definitions about abnormality are many and varied.

One of the central sets of theories that can be considered when considering the reasons for developing a political ideology can be seen through motive theories of personality. Those motives considered the Big Three are the need for power, the need for affiliation intimacy, and the need for achievement.

Why is decision-making more normative when it is based on frequencies than when it is based on probabilities? The argument mathematicians give, is very different from what statisticians give regarding the meaning of probability. Bayesian inference, also referred to as Bayes’ theorem, is applied to help in comprehending the level an idea can be influenced by evidence.