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That notwithstanding, the concept of representation is not always easy to articulate given that it has so many interpretations as well as varying methods of implementation by different countries. In theory, representation is a complex concept to define, meanwhile in practice; there are many questions that come to mind whenever the word is mentioned.
Considering the widely shared terminology, one may easily become conscious of some chronic words: change, turbulence, chaos, new world order, governance, civil society, transition, revolution, and peace.
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Pakistan has struggled to find a coherent identity and role since its creation. Events like taking over the reins of the democratically elected governments by the Army, regular skirmishes with its neighbour India, increasing activities of some militant organizations have not allowed the country to develop to its fullest potential.
The short post-World War II period of 1945-1951 saw a restructuring of conservatism in Britain that reflected the new realities of economic globalization and the competing ideologies of socialism and capitalism. Britain feared Soviet-style communism and sought to move to a more free-market system while creating and maintaining a network of socialistic services.
Unfortunately, democratic changes integrated from within, seem to be the only variant that is possible to be implemented. Despite the fact that the USA declared itself to be a missionary bringing democracy to the developing countries; it should not be a dominating force bringing the changes.
The War on Terror has been fought on the twin frontlines of Iraq and the American public. Many of the policies, procedures, and methods used in Iraq have been sustained by a secret war against the civil freedoms that Americans have held dear since the Revolution. It would be illogical to assume that the Bush administration could exploit the use of torture.
The supply and demand of commodities have changed depending on the nature of the industry. For instance, the supply of alcoholics and cigarettes has gone down thus affecting the supply for the commodity too. This has occurred as a result of the announcement made on budget day; alcohol was increased by six percent over inflation. Spirits, wine, and beer were all affected by this price elevation.
The biggest point of concern today is the global financial crisis or recession. The economic meltdown has caught us all wrong-footed, the business organizations across the globe suffered a huge amount of losses which resulted in pay cuts and slashing of jobs. Record numbers of people have lost their jobs in the past year and a half.
At present, lobbying plays a powerful role in influencing the decisions of governments across the world. This process has developed to such an extent that a powerful lobby can influence even the governments of other countries. This process known to the modern world as lobbying has been going on ever since a structured form of governance has existed.
Heffernan (2003) suggests that the role of the prime minister is crucial in understanding the decision making processes followed by the core executives. Predominance of the prime minister allows the prime minister to lead and direct, if not control the decision making process and policy development.
The U.S.-led "War on Terrorism," perhaps the most unpopular war in the history of the world, has brought American democratic institutions and public agencies under critical public scrutiny. As the threat of terrorism continues to captivate the United States and the world, it becomes imperative to analyze and understand the politics of the "War on Terror", declared hastily in the wake of the horrific 9/11 attacks.
Brynin and Newton (2003) examine the impact of the national daily press on turnout of the electorate in the British general elections of 1992 and 1997. The results obtained from the study show that the press cannot be considered as responsible for motivating people to vote or not vote which means reading a newspaper does not seem to induce enthusiasm in the election process nor does it induce any kind of political apathy.
There have been many incidences where people have been fighting each other due to the misunderstanding on the location of boundaries. History has recorded that the issue of boundaries is not only an issue of conflict to humans alone but it is also a source of conflict to animals as well. In the wild, males’ animals of one troop will fight hard to defend their territories.
Agriculture is intensive, highly mechanized, and efficient by European standards, producing about 60% of food needs with less than 2% of the labor force. The UK has large coal, natural gas, and oil reserves; primary energy production accounts for 10% of GDP, one of the highest shares of any industrial nation.
These new partners, although struggling with their incomes, had more or less the same economic structures as most of the old EU members. When the EU in the 1990s also took into its fold the Northern European countries – Austria, Finland, and Sweden – it was even better. The economies of these three countries were in such great shape that their EU membership influenced an increase in the union’s per capita income.
What Impact Did The Boeing - Airbus Dispute Have On The European Union?
The European Union is one of the acme players in the World Trade Organization. This is for the reason that the European Union has a general trade policy, where the European Union Commission discusses on behalf of the European Union 's 25 Member States.
The stagier barriers including unanimous political consensus could be considered as major barrier although associated social and religious orientations would be important factors. This study presents an analysis of the major obstacles to peace in Northern Ireland.
“A free trade agreement is a pact between two countries or areas in which they both agree to lift most or all tariffs, quotas, special fees and taxes, and other barriers to trade between the entities”. Free trade, among others, is the hottest issue on international politics and economics. Some view globalization in this respect as beneficial.
The European Commission gives advice to the EU. The European Commission includes the European Commissioner for economics and finance whose job is to maintain a strong European economy over the coming years. Her recent efforts range from removing trade barriers to public awareness of the benefits of a single European market.
A constitution is a system of rules which describes the structure and powers of government, and the relationship between different parts of the government and citizens. When talking about a constitutional government, we really mean whether or not the United Kingdom has a constitution. This is a discussion that has been argued over many years.
During the days of the huge British Empire spanning the entire world; the most important power that a country could have was its military superiority over the other. European Countries with better equipped and well disciplined armies were able to subjugate African and Asian countries who had limited resources and a lesser equipped military
Reactions of British people to the new inflow of immigrants to some extent depended on class division. Representatives of the governmental groups were still under the influence of imperial ideas. Therefore they considered Indians, Pakistanis, Africans, and inhabitants of the Caribbean basin as British nationals, having the right to settle in Britain.
Countries differ in their opinion and approach on various international issues- social, economical and/or ecological- that make them opposing ones to their counterparts dealing with the same issue. When a dispute exists between countries on a certain issue, they themselves can come to an agreement among them or seek the advice of some international agencies such as United Nations (UN).
The author states that during his first term, Bill Clinton did not comply with his promise made during the campaign allowing gay men and lesbians serve openly in the armed forces. Instead the Congress presented the “Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell” policy which allowed gay men and lesbians serve in the armed forces.
The EU's policy in the protection of the ozone layer, illustrates the levels of integration required to fulfil its obligation to ensure that the guidelines laid out by the policy are met by all member states. This paper seeks to explain the role of integration theory in EU policy development.
This tension lies at the heart of the ideology that underpins British national identity. In order to stabilise national identity, London is often subsumed into larger narratives of identity.Yet in the Thatcherism period when the ideology of nationalism was being mobilised to obscure the function of divisive economic and social policy, London became the site of literary resistance.
Instead the reports generally carry with them the thought processes of the author, the magazine and the people who support the cause of the war. All these have affected the faith in the media and the information obtained through them. Media has not stood by to report neutrally as it is influenced by various factors that tend to alter the way events happen in the world.
The author states that whichever candidate gets 270 electoral votes will win the white house. Both the Republicans and Democrats are aiming to do two things in the campaign. First mobilize their core supporters, both to vote in numbers and to persuade the neighbors to do the same.
It also describes the greatness of a democracy.
The government is a trust because it holds value for the people it governs. It is essentially a bond, a pact, or a commitment between the people and the large inanimate structure of a government body. People put their trust in the government to provide for them when the need arises.
Opinion polls refer to the collection of people’s views on a given subject that directly affects them or is relative to their surroundings. The topics involve current issues, famous people, or a particular event that is featured in both local and international headlines. The survey is usually conducted to get opinions for and against the subject and a final report is presented.
Dominant groups in politics attempts first to act as innovatory which finally turn out to become a conserving influence. This process results in the sidelining of the different sects of people in politics on the basis of gender, etc and thus the process of political socialization militate against large numbers of women in politics.
Throughout the world, there is the idea that governments should provide economic security to the people under their jurisdiction. When Pilgrims came to America, they brought with them the tradition of the "Poor Laws" of England. Public assistance was poorly organized, poorly funded and its' recipients stigmatized.
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The European Union stands out as a political-economic phenomenon and a historic testimony to the fact that regional integration, despite challenges and resistance from within, can transform from a dream to a reality. Originally envisioned in 1948, the process of the gradual integration began in 1952.
Democracy is one of those terms that you could ask a hundred different people what it means to them and come out with a hundred different answers. Not everybody is going to agree on all aspects of what democracy may mean, and it very well may mean one thing to one person and another thing entirely to a different group of people.
The author states that the UK has a number of specialized programs available for various types of work such as; training and work experience, business entrepreneurs, highly skilled migrants; however, the workhorse option for most companies sending U. S. citizens to the UK is the work permit Scheme.
Freedom from its cold-war constraints may have gone a bit to the UN Security Council's head. Charged nearly half a century ago with keeping the international peace, it suddenly finds that it has the chance to do so, embarking on as many peacekeeping jobs in the past four years as in the previous 40.
According to the report money is the major facilitator and motivator for all economic activity relating to consumption, production, exchange and distribution. Money serves as a medium of exchange, as a store of value, a standard for measuring values and a unit of account. The role of money is to serve as a medium of exchange.
The discussions relating to the currency war cannot but take on a heavy slant in economics and economic policy, even as one cannot argue that trade is a major force that knits or destroys relationships among nations, something that has been discussed in much detail in many theoretical discussions in international relations.
To study this we must first size up the effect US invasion has had on Iraq. What was meant to be a disarmament campaign for the weapons of mass destruction has turned into a bloodbath. Even in this post Saddam era, these weapons have never been actually found.
The aftermath of the Second World War has seen a strong union between the two countries on all grounds. After the initial conflicts that included a few American invasions on Canada, the two countries have since then been allies. "Geography has made us neighbors. History has made us friends.
Instead of debt reduction policies, the World Bank and IMF imposed policies that buried third world nations into the quagmire of debt and debt servicing. Third world countries had to approach IMF or the World Bank and concede to their policies to avoid economic and political repercussions.
The power it can assimilate is thus threatening too. From being the largest coal producer in the world, along with things like cement and steel, China is one of the major contributor in cost cutting and low cost manufactured things that find their way almost everywhere in the world, like Wal-Mart.
From 1983 China has started to adopt international accounting standards, practices and terminologies. The early adoption was implemented in its joint ventures with foreign investments [1] and [3]. In 1993, PRC MOF has outlined new accounting regulations, which were on the lines of IFRS standards.
During the 1990s up to year 2000, the most widely known internal conflicts included Iraq-Kuwait (demilitarization), Angola (peace accord implementation), Cambodia (UNTAC), Yugoslavia/Kosovo (relief), Somalia (ceasefire civil war, relief), Uganda-Rwanda (border), Haiti (transition, institution), and East Timor (independence transition).
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American attitudes concerning church-state relations are subject to two conflicting forces. First, Americans are very religious. In comparison with citizens of other industrialized nations, Americans report an extraordinarily high degree of religious belief, association, and practice.
The question of Marxism in today’s International Relations is hilarious. The concept of Marxism was based on the equality of man and his getting emoluments at a level so that everybody could live with dignity in the same society. The efforts were made in some countries, but there was no success in any country and it collapsed.
On the other hand, the European Union has been constantly monitoring the progress made by Turkey and has been affecting legislations and concessions that would help encourage Turkey hasten the process of reforms that would help speed up its pace of induction into the club.
The security environment in the Middle East has become increasingly complicated during the past decade. Up to and including the 1991 Gulf War, the regional environment was largely shaped by fears of interstate aggression, either by superpower intervention or by regional states against each other. Fears of interstate aggression certainly remain today, but they are manifesting themselves in new ways.
John Kerry is today leading the campaign for a change in policy on Iraq. Perhaps 60,000 is the figure, the number of votes, which stood between his (and Democrat) style of Iraq policy and the present one. After gracefully accepting the defeat, he has been at the forefront of pointing out holes in the policies of the present regime.
The European Union (EU) was established primarily for the promotion of Economic and Political integrations between its members, so they can establish a unique policies in a vast arena, ranging from agriculture, environments, culture, transport, trade etc.