Politics Essays

But as a consequence οf the research the essay will demonstrate that New Labour has used a collaboration οf existing ideologies to create a set οf welfare policies, which they claim are relevant to meeting the needs οf the NHS in the 21st Century.

Aircraft manufacture is one industry that lends economy of scale and for which there is a great tendency for one dominant firm to take advantage of increasingly higher returns should it be the sole competitor in that industry. Pursuing a strategic trade policy is limited by at least three factors that make it a less desirable option.

Also, the WTO and its members made significant commitments and exemptions regarding the service sector during the Uruguay round of talks. The most notable discussion on services involved financial services, telecommunications, as well as immigration to provide services.

The character of the state is defined as "Creating the scope for the use of elements to define the basic policy of the state; The ability to define its relations within and outside the state based on these policies; A course of action in relevant spheres to propagate and adhere to the chosen policy framework within which the state defines itself" (Gellner, 2006).

The introduction covers the general overview of the war. The Failure section highlights the failure in planning by the US that led to the failure of rebuilding the Iraqi infrastructure. The counterpoint section gives some of the achievements of this campaign and downplays the notion it was all a failure. 

The euro is a single currency arrangement that came into theoretical operation between 12 members of the European Union in January 1999 (What are the arguments 2002). Two months after the euro was introduced as a cash currency on 1 January 2002, the euro has finally become the only legal tender currency in the 12 European countries.

The origin of the problem dates back to the time when the Soviet Union collapsed in the year 1991 and consecutive oil discoveries by the western oil companies ever since then. The oil has been discovered mainly in two countries of the region Azerbaijan and Kazakhstan. Despite the efforts of international oil corporations, much of the oil remains undiscovered or un-distilled in the region. 

The author states that the Department of Homeland Security is tasked to secure the borders of the country in order to prevent illegal entries of immigrants, and to this effect a record 4.5 million people have been apprehended and repatriated, out of which were 350,000 have criminal records.

The Arabian Gulf Cooperation Council is the economic and political forum that coordinates policy making for at least six member states including the states of Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates.

Albeit, a civil war and the US government should not have been involved in the sovereign conflict which persisted between the internal factions, these were very uncertain times during the Cold War with Russia, and it was viewed as ill advisable to permit the Russians to have unfettered access.

 Industrial societies use the police to control crime and to contribute to public order which includes mediation and arbitration of disputes, the regulation of traffic and help during emergencies (Police and Democracy, 2001, n.p.) However, to distinguish the role of police in democratic societies, certain characteristics of the police force are present.

Aggregate demand (AD) is a macroeconomic term. It sums up the total demand for output in an economy. Therefore: “Aggregate Demand is the total output demanded in the economy in terms of goods and services.” The demand for goods and services in a country broadly comes from its national consumers, government, and overseas demand.

The welfare of lower and middle income premium payers, who are being burdened because of the U.S. healthcare system acting for the benefit of the providers and high income consumers, must also be considered. It is an issue of injustice that too much money flows or appears to flow from the less-than-affluent to the benefit of elite interests.

While some of Neustadt's arguments are perhaps a little dated as it was originally published in 1960, although updated to include the Reagan Presidency, it does give a sound background on which to consider the specifics of a very unique Presidency: that of President Clinton.

Kenya and Singapore both had underdeveloped economies with limited industrialization and a heavy dependence on the agricultural sector. Forty years down the line, Singapore has been able to raise herself from the status of ‘third world’ to a quickly growing economy. Kenya, and most other African countries, on the other hand, is still mark timing with no real advances made.

A system of socialized medicine, or, as the Left prefers to call it, “universal healthcare”, has been sitting on the proverbial political docket for almost a full century now in the United States. The American healthcare system has deteriorated to a place of almost complete impotence. Now, the situation seems ripe for “change”.

Several multinational corporations each spend over $3 billion annually on research and development (R&D). In fact, according to Dodgson and Bessant (1996), seven of the largest Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries collectively spend over $300 billion every year on R&D.

Due to the supremacy of Parliament, only Parliament may add to, delete from, or change any legislation as it deems fit. There are three major areas of Parliamentary Sovereignty: Parliament is not limited in its scope to create any law in any area; No Parliament may ‘bind its successor’, meaning no law may be instituted that can not be repealed or altered.

Europe was for centuries, dominated by recurrent and bloody wars among the European states themselves.  Terrible losses of lives resulted frequently and steadily.  Peace, one that is lasting was therefore sought after.  With the aftermath of the Second World War, in order to prevent further self-destructive nationalism and the outbreak of future wars, a prominent idea among the leaders was to unite the European states economically.

Let us begin with the transfer of power from the bogus popular legitimacy of the Communist Party-state to the electorate, a crucial step in the transformation of all the East European satellites and the Soviet Union itself. At a certain point in these transformations, the communist parties gave up their monopoly of power -- often removing a constitutional clause on that subject and admitting rival parties.

This new development of the single currency follows five steps: a stronger role for the European Council; a common acceptance within the monetary Community of the goals of each national monetary policy; a coordinated intervention by the European Central Banks to defend a country under pressure by speculative capital movements, either by loans or by sharing the burden of interest rates etc.

Each individual who is part of a society, a politic body or a State is part of a supreme power which holds the entire power. However, it should not be seen as if each individual has no rights. On the contrary, the supreme power created by the entire population is made of the collection of each individual's powers. 

The United States was certainly not in a position to forego military advancements, but perhaps the extension of Eisenhower’s goals to such a great degree was unwise considering the direct consequences. America today is not the peaceful nation that Eisenhower promoted, but rather a purveyor of what it deems to be acceptable violence on foreign soil.

Section 411 of the Act expands the term “engage in terrorist activity” to include any use of a weapon, as well as such nonviolent acts as fund-raising for suspect organizations. It allows for the detention or removal of non-citizens with little or no judicial review. The U.S. Attorney General and Secretary of State can claim a domestic group.

The realistic theory usually is considered as the most consecutive interpretation of the essence and the reasons of political events such as confrontations, military alliances, diplomatic negotiations and international relations as a whole.

EU social policy was developed to prevent social dumping. Social dumping with several issues in mind. These issues affect North American trade as well a European. It is an issue that has effects on the international economic arena. There are several reasons for this. These reasons encompass –affairs of trade and investment on an international level.

Many theories exist on the ‘why’ and ‘how’ of nuclear proliferation such as ‘classical realism’ and ‘neo-realism’ but what is generally accepted is that the locus is external in nature. As per Fry, “If a state bids for hegemony, other states will…form an alliance to contain and deter the expansion-revisionist states”.

A reason for this is the lack of economic development other countries are facing. Thus, economic development and economic freedoms are conditions that must be present to fuel political development and introduce democratic institutions and governments. In a society where power is concentrated among a few individuals, it becomes easier for these individuals to control the political arrangements that govern that society and control the exercise of political liberties by its citizens.

The author states that the European Union presupposes an effective system of implementation and enforcement embedded in the member-states governmental structures. The impact, effect, and influence of Community law on domestic law are dependent on the principle of supremacy of the former over the latter.

The role of the United Nations in general is one of incredible relevance and significance, and particularly so is its role in defending international human rights. In order to be able to better understand the role of the United Nations in defending international human rights, there are several issues in particular that need to be addressed and discussed.

Theory generally recognizes 3 main categories of actors involved in employee relations: the employees, the employers, and the State. The employees are generally organized in trade unions or other forms of work organization in order to obtain better working conditions in negotiations with the employer.

While the danger that cyber-terrorism poses to the Internet is frequently debated, surprisingly little is known about the threat posed by terrorists' use of the Internet. The Internet has become a forum for terrorist groups and individual terrorists, both to spread their messages of hate and violence and to communicate with one another.

Many believe that the four most important issues regarding this question are 1) population 2) economic 3) military and 4) technology. While these areas are easily justified, the real reason behind the threat is somewhat unclear. This is largely because China, as an international role player, has no known or declared objectives.

Has globalisation started the process of promoting a single common world culture? Has globalisation led to inequality of nations and has it widened or closed the gap between the developing and developed economies? These questions help us to provide adequate understanding of the process of globalisation.

The role of political parties in representative democracy has a long history that predates the advent of universal suffrage. (Bogdanor, 2006) The first half of the 20th century witnessed an upsurge in the membership of political parties. In the UK, the Labour Party which was formed in 1900 could boast of a million members by the early part of the 1950s.

The main idea behind forming these communities was to form an ideal and perfect society, which would act as a role model for the world.These utopians were condemned as heretics and were looked down upon by the other members of society. Yet these people were not discouraged and strove hard to run it.

Operation ‘Desert Shield’ was launched with great public support and at that time, George Bush was at the zenith of his popularity. Today there are reports that the Uther S administration deceived the rest of the world because the suppressed photogram teethes the Russ the in the network showed that thirstily no danger to oil supply by the Iraqi forces.

Free trade remains to be one of the most debatable issues of the 21st century.  This debate has been carried over from the last century. In its simple definition, free trade can be said to be the art of existence of the free flow of goods, capital, and labour from one country to the other.

It was the ruins of World War II that firmed up such political will to create the European Union. Thus, the goal to secure peace and stability and foster economic development and prosperity in the region was enshrined in the founding charter of EU. By this criterion, integration has been a big and impressive achievement.

The first part of this discussion seeks to determine whether the inauguration of citizenship of the EU can be classed as a simple political metaphor without any additional significance or whether it can be considered as extending the scope of the rights already existing in the European Treaties

U.S. drug and immigration control strategies focus primordially on curbing the foreign supply and secondarily on identifying the sources of demand: consumers of drugs and employers of migrant workers. In a nutshell, US efforts have confronted the demand side of the problem--America's inherent dependence on both.

Generally speaking, the term political ideology was coined by a French enlightenment aristocrat and philosopher called Antoine Destruct de Tracy. He began to attract the attention of the people by the memory of his comprehensive work “Eléments d'idéologie” (1801), which form the first draft on ideology.

In light of this, let us discuss the aspect of International Law on self-defence and also the views of the Security Council after the claims made by the US on the 9/11 attack. Before scheduled to the main title, let us have a small briefing of the aspect of Art.51 of International law. In1981 Israel bombed the French-built nuclear reactor near Baghdad, the capital of Iraq, to keep Israel from developing a nuclear arsenal.  

The Republicans have already named their presumptive candidate in John McCain. However, the Democrats are still undecided with the candidates Hillary Clinton and Barak Obama battling it out for the nomination as we head into the summer of 2008 and into the fall election campaign.

Globalisation functions to remove the economic barriers between nations constrains the capacity of states to exercise protectionism and induces increased interconnectivity between the many economies in the global system, culminating in the transformation of these multiple economies and their associated markets into a single economy and market.

The author of the essay discusses the idea of checks and balances. Reportedly, it is especially emphasized that checks and balances must be done so that the functions and powers of one institution in the government will not overlap or be taken advantage of by another government institution.

Two nuclear bombs were detonated (both by the United States) causing the destruction of Hiroshima and Nagasaki and causing the death of 120,000 civilians in Japan. That was the first and last strategic use of the “dirty bomb” which left its permanent mark in the form of acute radiation sickness and many lost generations in Japan.

However, if he was spotted, there are cases where he was tried and executed for 'robbing' royal collections. Today money laundering is mostly carried out to cover underground operations; mostly terrorism related or other such mafia or drug connected activities.

These policies however have proved to be useful in the case where an economy is faced with high inflation or a recession; in this case, the government will use an expansion ally or a contraction ally monetary or fiscal policy. Inflation can be defined as the consistent rise in the general prices of goods for a fairly long period of time, the most used indicator of inflation is the consumer price index. 

The French and member countries of the European Union expect that a leader, who can provide solutions to the pressing problems that beset the country, ranging from the rising unemployment, fiscal deficit, law and order, social unrest, to the future direction of the European Union, will eventually emerge.