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This means that while EC law creates many substantive rules of law, the means by which these are enforced is the responsibility of national law. In other words, EC rules of law must take their place just like ordinary rules of national law, depending on their availability and enforcement according to national procedural rules.
This equation also shows that the spending in an economy is not only comprised of domestic spending: if the output exceeds domestic spending, the country exports the difference and net exports are positive; however, if the output falls short of domestic spending, the country is expected to import the difference and net exports are negative.
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The author states that one of the ways Presidents have found to deal with these constitutional limits has been to appeal to public support on issues of great importance; what is commonly referred to as ‘going public.’ In fact, with the drastic changes in media exposure, ‘going public,’ has almost become a science with American presidents.
The author states that it is not only the main presidential election that wins the focus of American eyes but the continuous four-year process that comprises it. Perhaps it is the unsurpassed drama and focuses on such opinionated viewpoints and events that surround a presidential election that captures the interest of almost every American.
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, Literature review
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The post-cold war relationship shared by the Western world tends to have a great influence on international politics. Within such a context, the ‘special relationship’ between the US and the UK has always been a matter of enhanced consideration. This coalition has led to various changes in the present world order.
This paper is an analysis of the Syria’s position on peace with Israel and the changes that occurred during the years of the peace process and how Syria adjusted its foreign policy to suit these changes. Among such changes will be the disintegration of the Russian led communist Bloc and the Gulf War of 1991.
The relationship of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) – to differentiate it from Imperial China to China transformed by Mao Tse-Tung in 1949 – and the United States started bitterly, brought about by two diametrically opposed ideologies that each espouses: the United States, being the indefatigable monument of imperialism, and China, being the staunch ally of communist Russia.
The conclusion from this study states that the main question of this research would continue to remain a political controversy although it may be suggested that New Labour’s approach to globalization as unavoidable may be more of a social rather than a political strategy considering the immense power of globalization in changing world economy.
The author states that the American public is being offered a choice between two candidates with stark and greatly differentiated positions. This is especially true in regards to foreign policy. In the modern world of globalization, there are numerous issues that must be considered under the umbrella of foreign policy.
The Montevideo convention was organized in the year December 26 1933 on the subject of rights and duties of states. The rules and policies framed in the convention came to force in 26 December 1934. The convention was signed by 19 states except for Bolivia. It was formed as a diplomatic tactic of the then US president Roosevelt to remove the misconception of Yankee imperialism (Montevideo Convention on the Rights and Duties of States (n.d)).
4 pages (1000 words)
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, Book Report/Review
It also describes the 'pseudomodernist despotism' of Reza Shah and the 'petrolic despotism' of his son. He also shares his views, in a short epilogue, on the 'pan-Islamic zealots' who have taken power since 19791
Born in 1942, Homa Katouzian studied economics in Britain and gained a PhD before teaching the subject in Britain, Iran, Canada and the United States.
But Gladstone faced an uphill task for all kinds of reasons were causing many of the previously Liberal voters to abstain or even to turn out and vote against them. Memories of Gordon and anti-Catholic prejudice erupted throughout the country, while his fiery rhetoric.
There are widespread assumption on both sides of the Atlantic that the special relationship between the United Kingdom (UK) and the United States (US) has been declining in significance as both have gone through times of war, conflict, peace and close cooperation (Wikipedia, 2006), and will most likely to go on (Rachamn, 2001).
The RAF Greenham Common was never a viable option for an airport to serve London due to the staunch public opposition it encountered in 1983 regarding the commencement of its operation. It was the leadership of forty women who called themselves the "Women for Life on Earth," marched 120 miles from Cardiff to Greenham Common in protest.
Anglo American relations have been rooted in the history of the Western polity. While America won independence by combating the British sponsored forces, the alliance between these two countries has survived over two centuries of fractious disunity in the World order. There have been a number of occasions as the Suez crisis of 1956.
As part of the enlargement process for the now 25-member European Union, its membership is expected to expand to 30 or 35 by 2020, with the western Balkan countries as the final joiners (Batora, 2007). The idea may be hinged on the dictum that there is strength in numbers. This actually gives expression to the founding philosophy of EU.
Imperialist ambitions in Africa were boosted by the expansion of competitive trade in Europe. The main aim was to secure commercial and trade links with African societies and protect those links from other European competitors. During this time, many European countries expanded their empires by aggressively establishing colonies in Africa so that they could exploit and export Africa's resources.
Or, for short, liberty is the аbsence of imposed cost. In the event of а mutuаl clаsh of imposed costs, observing liberty entаils minimizing imposed costs. These two formulаe аre defended аs cаpturing the conception cleаrly, consistently, comprehensively, аnd non-morаlly. They аre used to derive property implicаtions аnd to solve philosophicаl problems аssociаted with this conception of liberty.
Liberal democracy is a form of representative Government where regular attempts are made to protect civil liberties against the onslaught of Governments, institutions, and powerful individuals in the society. This is achieved through awarding political freedom to all people as it is the main platform for the masses to express themselves.
Many sociologists and theorists usually refer globalization as a non-negotiable extraneous economic constraint, which must simply be obliged with. It is often presented as a process without a subject. Accordingly, it is a process whose content, nature and consequences are not conformable—either in practice or in principle—to political deliberation.
Wholesome bilateral relationships do not just happen in a vacuum. Those who carry on any form of relationship will have to work on it if they want the relationship to continue. It is the same with individuals as with countries. Diplomatic relations can break down from various issues to include those of border, water, security, occupation by enemy forces, communism, nuclearization, and making a pact with the enemy.
Many people believe that there is no necessity to pay appropriate attention to the problem of global challenges, but these people overlook numerous facts of human rights violations in modern society, as well as the global warfare withstanding between the West and the East and stable contradiction between wealthy countries of democracy and backward poor states with numerous economic, demographic and social problems.
22 pages (5500 words)
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, Research Paper
A tribe does not represent any homogeneity or criterion by which sects of people differentiate themselves from other sects. They are a natural formation of people who get together and affirm their obligations to unite in warfare against outsiders and acknowledge the rights of their members to compensations for injuries.
Frankly speaking, people are using the word ‘power’, formally and informally, to indicate the destructive power of nations through their military might. The twentieth century had seen aggressive colonization activity in Asia and Africa and the process, European countries competed with each other trying to dominate and show their strength in international relations.
By the second half of twentieth century itself, the control over energy was a key factor which shaped the international politics. Russia comes now back to the center stage of the new world order using its vast energy resources. Qualitatively speaking, Russia no more is a defunct military super power but a rising energy super power.
This will benefit them in the European and global economy. However, their security will rest on the confidence they have in their relationship with the US. In return, the EU will continue to benefit from Britain's special, though politically expensive, relationship with the US.
Whatever the motive Bush Administration had, it certainly does not seem to bring anybody or us any good to take the war on Iraq. It has been a policy of the US in the recent years to take preemptive actions in the most bloody and deadly manners, against the nations who pose to be the potential threat to the American nation.
Most lusted for Indian lands and thus wanted outright Indian removal. Many were consciensitized by the injustice but believed the American Manifest Destiny must give way to white settlement. Some like Thomas Jefferson believed that the Indians must first be civilized and assimilated to American society before being conferred citizenship.
The Terrorist attack on the Republic of Bona by the shadowy group is a cowardice act and is rightly condemned by the International Community. The Republic Of Bona and other nations should come together against terrorism. The International Community should ask and pressurize the government that is providing shelter to these terrorist groups and base camps so that they can carry on their terrorist activities.
From an economic point of view, free movement of labor has been part of the project of achieving equality of opportunity within the EU by dismantling obstacles to the mobility of factors of production. Freedom of movement of labor is seen as a benefit of integration and takes the form of a legal provision that gives an opportunity for individuals to look for employment in the EU.
Among the rights conferred upon a citizen of a member state or country is the free movement of goods and persons. These freedoms are not absolute though. Within the context of globally accepted legal principles, the rationale behind the dynamics of public policy, public security, and public health are given paramount consideration.
So the purpose of the study covers a wide purview of Bank of England’s monetary policy and tools used to regulate interest rates and contain inflation and regulate property prices and also the various factors that are responsible for a change in property prices.
The author states that the company should also offer services and products at reasonable prices. Reasonable means that it should not be unreasonably higher than the competitors’ prices because the customers will tend to look for quality products at lower or reasonable prices. This is what we call as supply and demand economic theory.
Theories are widely used for the explanation of various international processes, their application is in many terms limited as soon as the decision appears to be irrational. The last decades have been characterized by the widely spread opinion, that any political behavior, especially in the area of international relations can be explained on the basis of rational choice.
The given paper will make an attempt to answer this question.
The politics of the United States is founded on democracy and liberal values even more than in other democratic countries. Therefore, it is interesting why America does not have labor party like other democratic states.
Russia has followed an assertive and reactive foreign policy up to now. Since 1998, the country has grown stronger, with favorable conditions in the energy market contributing to an improvement in its economic position. The country has followed an intelligent macroeconomic policy which is reflected in its slowly growing power on the international stage.
Gorbachev led collapses of the union because his ideas and principles could be not water prove leading to their abuse, he also did not adjust his system of leadership to meet the demands from the people leading to a strong opposition arising against him. This made him lose popularity and eventually being removed from power. Though his principles were a nice idea that bore historic fruits home and abroad.
5 pages (1250 words)
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, Personal Statement
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I felt that Marxism addresses particularities of everyday experiences in terms of social and economic processes. I still applied the Marxist standpoint in my women standpoint sociology. Where Marx argued that the standpoint of labor allows an analyst to understand and reveal the contradictory forms of class relations in a capitalist society.
According to Charter 88, necessary action to be taken in a difficult situation is dependent on someone else's interpretation and explanation of what is meant by those encoded rules.
Within the British constitution this means that a quite considerable power resides in the hands of those judges and courts.
It starts with the dominance of Egypt in yesteryears on the Middle East and discusses Western influence. Then the consequence that resulted in the formation of the Jewish state, as well as Jewish nationalism, can be seen with simultaneous discussion of struggle between both types of nationalisms as well as nations.
It can be noted that the performance of the country is heavily affected by the production and export of its oil and oil products. It is estimated that oil export revenue accounts for 90-95% of the country’s total earnings, 70-80% of the total state earnings, and 40% of Saudi Arabia’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP).
The parliamentary system as developed and used in Great Britain is more graphically called the Cabinet government. The Presidential system was the result of the Great Compromise offered by the delegates from Connecticut. The semi-presidential system is a system of government in which a prime minister and a president are both active participants in the day-to-day administration of the state.
The author states that in Tony Blair’s regime, he has been both criticized and credited for his strong advocacy for the labor group which in fact, makes the labor party the center of the British Politics. He is recognized for his pro-market policies which are in contrast with the more collectivist policies that are previously espoused.
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, Book Report/Review
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This paper will discuss the main features of Bill Clinton's speaking style and evaluate impression made by his speeches to people. Some interesting and well known speeches of Bill Clinton will be analyzed from rhetorical point of view.
The first Clinton's speech to be analyzed is his speech to Veterans Organizations on Kosovo which took place on May 13, 1999 at the Office of the Press Secretary, the White House.
This is necessary to understand the genuineness of the policies of United States. The present essay is intended to analyze the policies of US for Iraq, which finally resulted in the Invasion. The consequences of the war also would be analyzed based on these policies for interpreting the invasion based on these policies.
y and practice of democracy. In order to be able to better understand this particular work of Rosanvallon, as well as to be able to come to a better understanding on Rosanvallon himself, in this paper we are going to critically review the book Democracy Past and Future, namely that of a few chapters in particular - in this case, the first few chapters of the book.
The monarch represented by the king and/or queen takes care of all states affairs ranging from presiding over very important state function to making most of the appointments in the government. Now Canada is yet another country that is led by a monarch as the head of state represented by the Governor General and the Prime Minister (PM) as the head of government.
Despite the fact that executive powers in Canada are constitutionally the mandate of the Canadian sovereign, the Prime Minister's office has in the recent past continued to grow in influence and therefore makes Canada's Prime Minister one of the most powerful in the European Union after that of the Britain Prime Minister.
Almost twenty-five years separate the Belfast and Sunningdale Agreements. Both represent serious attempts to heal deeply rooted divisions created primarily by the 1920 division of Ireland into two separate and distinct political units. The Sunningdale Agreement lasted barely six months, from December 1973 to May 1974, before it collapsed under a wave of Unionist-instigated strikes.
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In order to better understand the American Revolution, its factors, and the results that stemmed from it, there are various different issues that need to be addressed and discussed. Fresia’s thesis in the book in question here, for instance, is of great importance, as is the evidence that is provided within this particular piece of literature.