Philosophy Essays

Egoism implies that if everyone pursues his or her interests, all people’s interests are advanced. However, the interest of one person may conflict with another, so this is not possible. One would have to prevent others from pursuing their interests to advance personal interests. Egoism is also in conflict with conflict regulation.

May parent’s worry is, what if I commit mistakes? With this apprehension they are denying me the opportunity to commit mistakes and learn from them and take the corrective course, wherever necessary. I do not wish to be an outright rebel, but rebel I will against all procedures that hold up the growth of my personality.

The structuralist theory is found in anthropology whereby it argues that the process of thoughts in all human beings is the same despite the different cultures they possess. It goes on to add that the thought process only exists binary opposite forms. For instance: male-female, hot-cold, raw-cooked and so on.

The author of the text casts light upon the issue of Buddhism. According to the text, Buddhism has an often-overlapping quest for the ultimate end of life- Enlightenment. To be precise, the concept of enlightenment in Buddhism is called Nirvana, a Sanskrit word that connotes extinction or extinguishing (of passions).

Freedom is the very ability to choose to live a life filled with food, clothing and shelter. This paper describes freedom as seen through the eyes of various authors in various eras of history. The basic outline that the paper will follow is to learn about the various features of freedom as depicted in the works of the various authors.  

individual, objective vs. subjective viewpoints that have characterized the field in the past. He produced a large quantity of writings regarding his findings, particularly placing emphasis upon the need to break down the old dichotomies and begin seeking a more unified and overarching construct to explain the various behavioral similarities that can be traced through numerous human societies regardless of proximity, contact or specific cultural quirks.

In Plato’s symposium, Plato implied different discourses on love, and how ultimately this would enable men to arrive at the highest good. On the other hand, Aristotle’s Nichomachean Ethics outlined men's aims at a certain good. Plato’s symposium occurs at Agathon’s party, attended by men of different interests. They decide to give praises to Eros.

This wave assisted gay men, lesbians and black & other ethnic minorities in understanding their marginalized perspectives as a natural part of themselves, helped them to develop strategies for coping and forming a positive sense of identity, and taught them the effect of negative social attitudes on psychological functioning.

Let us imagine that there are two brown tables in a room. Both the tables have the quality of 'brownness' and according to the Metaphysical philosophers, both these tables share a universal, that is the quality of being brown. Metaphysics states that there are three major types of universals existing, namely, Types or Kinds, Relations and Properties.

Moral problems are continuing problems, inviting contemplation. The moral results of action are not so many conclusions as new developments of older questions. The moral problem, in short, is the problem of life. Problems of business call for definite answers, to be given at once; the problem of life cannot be thus disposed of.

The author states that without the latter, the capitalists cannot produce profit since capital per se will not gain anything without the active participation of labor. Due to this need for labor, the capitalists then have to succumb to the demands of the working class, if only to survive.

In modern world cultural differences are becoming more and more apparent, so it is impossible to apply social sciences successfully without studying the specifications of each culture. To look into the problem given it is necessary to define briefly the Marx’s class theory and to mention the main features of Western and Eastern mentality.

Mutual relationships, rights, duties, and obligations; a relational paradigm. Obligation by its very definition, as stated by Princeton’s wordnet.edu is “the social force that binds you to the courses of action demanded by that force of duty and be binding subject to enforcement.” It uses the following quotation by John D. Rockefeller, Jr. as further illustration.

The author states that the prisoner's hands, legs, and head are chained such that the only fixation of the eyes is in one direction the wall. There is a big fire and in between, there is a walkway that is raised. Puppets of plants, animals, and other things are moved on the walkway and they form shadows o the wall the prisoner watches the puppets moves.

His legacy as a radical and revolutionary is perhaps best demonstrated by his most famous line, from his most important work, The Social Contract: "Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains." Jean Jacques Rousseau's Discourse on Inequality, written for the Academy of Dijon in 1754, is an attempt to answer the question "What is the origin of inequality among men, and is it authorized by natural law" Rousseau discusses two types of inequality, natural or physical and moral or political.

In fact, it is a Whodunnit,for Nietzsche’s intent is to explain the beginnings of tragedy and then to reveal who killed it.This journey from birth to death may contain some misrepresentations and hyperbole but it never lacks a compelling story-line,fascinating us with an Apollonian/Dionysian dichotomy

Not anything detains with such lucid conciseness the essence of Kant's ethics as the famous passage where Kant says: "Nothing in the world, indeed nothing even beyond the world, can possibly be conceived that could be called good without qualification except a good will". Actually, will is by explanation rationale for Kant.

His works also includes the description of globalization and slowly how the world is being modernized. He tested his rationalization against the historical developments of India and China. It was interesting analysis because a democratic government rules India and a communist government rules China.

Rogers related, “at the urging of my students, I became acquainted with Martin Buber (first from his writings and then personally) and with Soren Kierkegaard. I felt greatly supported in my new approach, which I found to 2 my surprise was a home grown brand of existential philosophy”.

Plato was the most famous of Socrates’ pupils, who after Socrates’ death carried on most of his work and eventually founded his own school. We know much about Plato’s teachings because he wrote dialogues between Socrates and others that would explore philosophical issues. These dialogues would be used in his school as starting points for discussion.

The two images analyzed in this work are both on the subject of gun control. The first image is a black and white cartoon of what looks like an average middle-class, suburban neighborhood. The main subjects of the cartoon are a family of six who is just outside the playground, encountering a character on the street that is carrying a gun.

It may be useful to set out initially the traditional interpretations of each philosophy and to work from there in exploring how the two can be seen to compliment, and to conflict with, each other. The basis of JS Mill’s utilitarianism rests on a number of principles, centered the ultimate aim of happiness.

The father, Guido, tries to make his son think that they are playing a game-and Guido successfully hides his son with the other prisoners so he will not be gassed. The movie Life is Beautiful exudes elements of Classicism, those exhibited being humanism, realism, and idealism.

While Frege`s main sphere of interest was related to the basics of mathematics, his mathematical studies as well greatly contributed to the development of modern symbolic logic. At the same time, in his works, Frege was also touching upon themes related to the analysis of the semantics of the language, i.e. the study of meaning conveyed with its help.

IX). It is necessary to point out that Jrgen Habermas defines the public sphere not according to its social, economic or political structure, but based on the function it serves. That is, he describes the public sphere as a forum for the discursive formation of public opinion and public discourse, which counteracts the power of the state.

In the 13th century attempt to reconcile Aristotelians with Islamism, Averroes postulated that the soul has two parts: one individual, the other divine. Furthermore, Averroes asserted that the individual portion of the soul was finite and dies with the body. At the Lateran Council of 1513, Leo X deemed this thought heresy.

This led to his historical materialism theory, which says that social phenomena do not exist in isolation; rather they are interconnected, and any analysis of institutions must be done to include looking at their historical developments and contradictions in order to reconcile them Human relations in society must be approached in this light.

But are any of them in their own right able to give us the bottom line The distinction between knowledge and belief is one of the most difficult hurdles to jump when exploring theories of knowledge. Considering the Gettier Problems shows this forth. Until the time when Edmund Gettier's paper was published in 1963, most epistemological philosophers had relied upon the JTB Theory of knowledge acquisition.

According to the paper in the case of Mark Bauerlin, author of ‘The Dumbest Generation: How The Digital Age Stupefies Young Americans and Jeopardizes Our Future,” would seek to impress upon the viewing audience, the issues surrounding the increase in media usage by the generation known as ‘Generation X’.  

It is related to the metaphor of the sun and the analogy of the divided line. It refers to make a statement that "those who are without philosophy are like prisoners in the cave. They are in chains and cannot turn round. Behind them is fire, and before them empty cave shut off at the back by the blank wall.

Attributes are the rudimental features that represent a personality, highlighting the characteristics of a person are referred to as “personal attributes” or qualities of a person. These attributes are features of the personality that develops a distinction between people. Usually, the attributes contain features like intelligence, creativity, arrogance, courage, and motivation, etc.

This metaphysical impulse lies at the heart, not only of Western philosophy, but of all Western science, leading physicists to seek a general field theory, or as it has come to be known, "a theory of everything" (Johnson & Lakoff 1999, p. 358). In biology, there is a similar quest for a theory of life.

The Laws as in Republic deals with the creation of a good the ethical city. It discusses the political theory as well as moral and psychological material. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the relation between the dialogues of the Laws and the Republic.  Earlier it was understood that in the Republic Plato states what an ideal city would be like.

The author considers the speech of Sarpedon with Glaucus. This speech brightly depictures the viewpoints, opinions, and concepts of people of that time. Sarpedon and Glaucus fight on the side of the Trojans. Sarpedon is the leader of Lycian during the Trojan War and one of the most powerful allies of Priam.

The author states that in fact, the spread of disease is very linked to the economic system and the social fabric that it is wrapped in. Capitalism has been very vulnerable to the spread of infectious diseases and other illnesses during the recent centuries and it has manifested in outbreaks of epidemic proportions.

 The most plausible approach is that of Rene Descartes who views the mind and the body is different. This is because of the reflex theory, which he used to show the ‘mechanism’ of the human body. It also explains why a reasonable man can be detached from his rationale mind and act in passion and later end up regretting his actions.

What is needed is a foundation for morality that is rational and eternal. Philosophers have developed a number of ethical traditions. What these ethical traditions have in common is that each has a basic principle which is used to develop moral rules and which serves as the basis for moral judgments

454d e) Plato is of the opinion that women should also receive the same education as men as they are intellectually equal to them.. . In Plato's Ideal State, women also have a military role. "And let them share in the toils of war and the defense of their country" (Rep.

Georg Simmel and Walter Benjamin were famous and interesting German philosophers who lived at the end of the 19th and in the beginning of the 20th centuries. They both contributed a lot in philosophical and sociological approaches concerning urban culture and the human position in contemporary economical, political and cultural conditions.

One has to bid farewell to worldly attainments and start a journey to the ultimate truth, presented in the poem as Simorgh. However, it emerges in the end that the higher truth is perceived only through the physical reality of our existence. What the thirty birds try to seek and experience come to them as the essence of all their beings brought together.

Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche (1844 –1900), the nineteenth-century German philosopher and classical philologist, has been recognized as a staunch critic of morality due to its obligation to unsustainable descriptive as well as its detrimental influence on the thriving of the highest types of human beings through its unique norms and values.

The author states that considered one of William Wordsworth’s most important poems, The Prelude occupied the poet throughout his life. Wordsworth revised the poem intermittently but he did not publish it during his lifetime. The Prelude is autobiographical and essential to understanding Wordsworth’ life and poetry.

The author states that Aristotle rejected Plato’s notion and brought about the foundation of modern logic, which is a syllogism. Aristotle did not accept that something as true just because someone said so. He was interested in why it was true. From Aristotle’s complex system of inquiry have evolved the tools of modern logic and empirical study.

A discussion of justice fits into the theme of the discussion of the paper because of Durkheim's definition of justice. Our concern is how law, morality, and social solidarity have a relationship to Durkheim’s accounts these. Durkheim’s accounts relate to modern societies. As Lukes pointed out about Durkheim’s approach, “Durkheim’s criticisms of charity as the basis of social solidarity are explored.

Factually speaking, he is the forerunner who helped revolutionize the cause of psychology, to be taken as a separate entity other than philosophy. "He was an adamant propagator of the cause of the sensory processes, claiming that human ideation is formulated only as a consequence of the experiences that are undertaken" (Wikipedia).

The philosophy of Social Science provides generally, the ‘Ideal’ state of being. It projects what ‘should’ be, rather than what is, and therefore, sets a higher degree of expectation and equivalent performance to be drawn.

This is a philosophical idea, that all the concepts are doubled by their opposite. The constraint may be physiological, moral, social, or religious, and in all cases, it limits the human being. John Stuart Mill discussed this problem, of liberty constraint in his essay On Liberty. But my interest in this concept has appeared since childhood.

As Socrates explains (and to put it in modern terms), forms are symbols of what we know and are tied to many memories, each evoking a feeling of pleasure or pain. There is no true learning, only remembering (which is another way of saying that the brain is limited to the mind, but the soul is independent of both).

Resultantly, they steered their thoughts to make their “simple explanations” more comprehensive, trying to engulf the entire complexity of human existence with effects of surroundings, nature within and without, and myriads of other factors. The net result is that they finally land into complex explanations of human behaviours or requirements of behaviour; the very same place which they tried to avoid in the first instance.

Simone de Beauvoir was one of few philosophers and writers, who got the opportunity to work alongside other famous existentialists philosophers including Jean-Paul Sartre, Albert Camus and Maurice Merleau-Ponty.