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Summary and Opinion on Each Article On the Moral and legal Status of Abortion - Marry Anne Warren Abortion can be defined as a deliberate action of a woman to terminate her pregnancy or to allow another person deliberately for terminating her pregnancy. Terminating a pregnancy means death of a fetus before its birth.
We realize that life is composed of a series of events that relate both to the world we are aware of and to a world we know little about. There are a lot of life facets that human beings neglect since life has a lot to offer yet we tend to remain in a comfort zone with reference to things that we know.
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Empiricism is the rational outcome of positivism in that it rejects deductive reasoning (Mende, 189). In other words, the doctrine of empiricism demands a restraint from the employment of non-scientific conjectures (Doyal and Harris, 2). By and large, empiricism refers to a philosophical principle that believes that knowledge comes no more than or mainly from physical experience.
In order to believe in the accuracy of information, experience can be counted as part of why one believes sensory information is accurate in that once an individual becomes accustomed to repetitive sensations of events, and their perceptions become correct, then association in this case becomes permanent.
The two extended their philosophy and religion, which largely matured to dominate China for more than two millennia (Gardner 614). The philosophy of Confucius and Mencius based on the idealism of human actions, a concept they termed as Confucianism. The concept of Confucianism came to life through the contributions of Confucius but its development and progress involved Mencius.
Most of the defining tenets of professional tenets are largely reliant on the aspect of sincerity (Naagarazan, 2007). When considering the concept of professional ethics scholars have argued that it is basically a static concept that requires the dynamic and kinetic force of related concepts in order to make it functional and meaningful (Naagarazan, 2007).
“Before his time, philosophy had been dominated by the method of Scholasticism, which was entirely based on comparing and contrasting the views of recognized authorities” . A great deal of this earlier thought was based on information gleaned from the senses.
Kant describes happiness as a natural purpose of life. He quotes, “All rational beings that are dependent; and thus one purpose that they not only can have but that we can assume they all do have as a matter of natural necessity.
Some people associate happiness with the word "contentment," in belief that one can only find true happiness if he is complacent and self-satisfied of who he is and what he have gained
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Administrative Ethics and Patient Privacy Summary Overview This paper is going to discuss how administrative ethics, values, beliefs, perceptions, and their interconnection. Furthermore, in the issue statement the discussion dwells on the current administrative ethics that are affecting patient privacy and rights (Cooper, 2011).
Some say that Singer is the world’s most significant living philosopher. Singer’s advocacy of infanticide motivated vociferous protests by disabled and profile groups when he spoke in Germany. I don’t want to demonize Singer but to discern where his ideas are right and where wrong. Singer in his early life itself turned his thinking to issues of life, death, artificial conception, and genetic engineering.
While some are convinced that sex education should be part of the school’s curriculum and students should be taught sex education in the same way that they receive instructions on other subjects, others feel that such a responsibility is best left to the parents.
Nonetheless, it would be as well vital to distinguish the general definition of these concepts from the specific definitions of the law of nature and the right of nature. Notably, the covenant has been regarded by Hobbes to be the most significant vehicle that rights are obligated created.
The past regime of governance for this state was coupled with a myriad of unlawful acts. The country still utilized the ancient constitution that failed to enforce justice for the unlawful acts that many committed. This is evident in the way those parties seeking power could freely form unlawful groups to campaign for them.
Philosophers around the world are highly esteemed due to the amount of knowledge they possess. In their knowledge and wisdom, they also depict themselves as knowing and nobody can dispute that. However, Socrates claim of not knowing when he is perceived to know is a puzzle that he only can explain.
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Compatibilism correctly states that we can act freely even if our actions are caused by forces over which we have no control. For example, every person is free whatever he chooses to do. The individual can freely sing his heart out when he or she is happy. The same individual can also freely dance until he or she is too tired to continue dancing.
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Kennedy. Kennedy was assassinated or shot while riding in a presidential motorcade with his wife Jacqueline, John Cannally, Texas governor, and his wife Nellie. Beyond this fact, almost every proceeding detail has been disputed and the assassination of Kennedy remains a matter or subject of strong debate, with a number of competing conspiracy theories being suggested.
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Furthermore, other mechanisms like emotions, genetics, and social chains, among others, also define ones way of life. This paper tries to argue these facts on compatibilism in that if other mechanisms define our way of life, then maybe what we think is free will may not be what it seems.
“The Lexus Problem” is a perfect example of a conscious choice contradicted by the will of the Other. As Smith's self is necessarily a part of the system in which the dealer (the Other) is also a part, his selfhood is consciously chosen within his mind, but compromised by an observer outside.
We have to accept the reality that the modern family is no longer clearly defined in the 21st century. Same sex couples, regardless of whether they are legally bestowed the right to marry or not will want to have children and, they will find a way to do that.
This, therefore, makes philosophy a very important subject that tends to explain the behaviour of people and trying to develop justifications for such actions. In most cases, people will find philosophy unrealistic and unjustified. The reason for this negative perception towards philosophy is the fact that it tries to defend some of the things that the society may be funding unethical and unrealistic.
It is also essential to note that philosophy immensely relies on critical thinking, reliance on rational arguments and systematic approach of issues (Munro 11). As a result, philosophy can be seen as a basic belief, attitude or concept used by a group or individual.
The works of Aristotle were diverse across various fields of study. Aristotle did not believe in the separation of the rich from the poor that existed in the Spartan civilization. He believed that the existing system of the allocation of land in Athens was not acceptable. The prevalent system of communal meals also drew a line between the rich and the poor.
This paper is a critical analysis of the documentary film “We Steal Secrets: The story of WikiLeaks” directed by Alex Gibney and produced by Jigsaw Productions in January 2013. It is a forensic examination of the story of Wikileaks and how the founder Julian Assange became one of the world’s most famous whistleblowers through revelations of government and corporate secrets the world over.
Analogy of Being According to Aquinas.
In order to understand Aquinas’s doctrine on analogy of beings, it is crucial for one to first gain meaning of the terms that he uses to explain the doctrine. Firstly, Aquinas enlightens an individual on the existence of a relationship between man and God, which he terms as analogical.
Hence, this significant letter has established how any State law can be inhumane and unjust and it’s the public’s utmost responsibility to condemn it, and protest against it so the governments should take necessary steps to amend the unjust and unethical law.
Social issues also justify the need for abortion and therefore support existing laws that allow for it. In cases of rape in which women suffer trauma and psychological pain, forcing them to carry the resultant pregnancy and take care of the child will hinder the woman’s healing from the suffered pain. It will consequently cause harm to the woman.
This was a decision that was made by the husband. According to the doctors’ diagnosis, they said that their test proved that she was under a persistent vegetative condition. It is noted that while in her home in St Petersburg, she collapsed. The reports about her are known that Terry suffered from cardiac arrest that was the cause of her death. She suffered from a condition that was so much in the heart (Daniel 2012).
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This paper will shed more light on the life and the philosophy of one and only Aristotle. Aristotle's works shaped centuries of philosophy from Late Antiquity through the Renaissance, and even today continue to be studied with keen, non-antiquarian interest. A prodigious researcher and writer, Aristotle left a great body of work.
In “Virtue and Reason”, John McDowell addresses some ancient accounts of virtue ethics that, despite their age, still retain a fair amount of relevance to modern discourse about morality. The primary focus of his paper is the relationship between knowledge and virtue, which is a meta-ethical question that gets to the heart of how a virtuous agent manages to perceive and react to events virtuously.
George makes another argument that to ground marriage laws on the moral judgment of heterosexual and monogamous, marriages is correct. He argues that since the law is considered a teacher, if it remains silent or neutral regarding marriages, then people would misunderstand the true meaning and essence of marriage.
At the same time, there are also several factors that affect the acquisition of knowledge, such as religion and science. According to previous research studies, religion and science differ on several issues concerning life and the world in general. Science contradicts religion and vice versa, as illustrated in the theory of evolution and creation among others.
According to philosophy, current regulation on drugs is unjustified and that some drugs that have been made illegal are treated like alcohol or tobacco. Therefore, instead of criminalizing drugs, they should be made legal. The main argument for making drugs illegal in society is because of the harm inflicted on the second party. The use of drugs among people is not a new phenomenon. It has been part of human life.
One philosopher, theorist, or thinker comes up with an argument only to be contested by other lines of thought. McCloskey is perhaps one of the philosophers who have given the issue of the existence of God a deep thought. His arguments in the article “On Being an Atheist” present a wide dimension of thought, discussion, and critique.
Utilitarianism can be further subdivided into two sections which are differentiated on the basis of general application and specific event application (Mill). Act Utilitarianism: - Act utilitarianism states that our duty on any specific occasion is to act in a way that will produce greater total good and better consequences than what any other act will produce.
It is quite shocking to believe that humans were once categorized on the basis of their race and color to decide whether or not they have moral and legal standing. There is a unanimous settlement on the presumption that all humans, regardless of their race, color, names, backgrounds, monetary status, etc, are equal before the law and hold equal moral status no matter what.
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The two accounts of faith are not interrelated to one another. The reconciliation of the knight of Faith with his fate of not getting the princess ever is surpassed by a belief in the absurd, i.e., an amorphous, formless, and intangible feeling based on the fact that through the power of God everything is possible.
In particular, the moral theories come into question when they involve decisions pertaining to the right of ending one’s life. In the contemporary society, much debate has been centred on the moral precincts of ‘Suicide Tourism.’ To this end, suicide tourism refers to a type of tourism in which the tourists’ willingly travel to countries that tolerate euthanasia in order to end their lives.
Most feminists share the same opinion that in western culture gender is a very important aspect determining social norms, laws, human relationships, and individual behaviour. The second-wave of feminism examined how male-centred, male-dominated societies marginalised and disenfranchised women, both to identify and abolish gender inequalities (Lederman & Bartsch, 2001).
This is possibly because the legal framework during the time of Plato was not a complete system (Rousseau 23). It is for this point that modern philosopher Thomas Hobbes found loopholes in Plato’s account of the theory. Thomas gave the theory a different interpretation and explained the concept from the viewpoint of a world without rules and regulations.
The author states that in order to understand the potential effects of commodification on democracy, it would be necessary to describe, even in general, the concept of commodification as related to the political and social life. Commodification sets barriers to the communication between the state and the citizens.
Nevertheless, there are certain common acts which are forbidden in the public laws of various societies. These acts are called index crimes. FBI considers index crimes are criminal homicide, forcible rape, robbery, aggravated assault, burglary, larceny, theft, motor vehicle theft, and arson.
For instance, the workers in the organization must follow the rules and regulations that are enforced by the leaders. Authority helps to create order and prevent situations of anarchy. In the context of decision making, there must also be clear order and hierarchy of decision making.
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Kant made a significant impact on the school of enlightenment by insisting on the primacy of reason above mythology in the assessment of morality. His postulations on morality could be considered as a sum of his rejection of the traditional order that had elevated tradition, custom, and dogma some esteem.
In this paper, we will discuss about Mahavira, the preacher of one of eastern religions and Abraham, the preacher of one of western religions. We will highlight the lives and teachings of the two religious figures analyzing their similarities and differences.
The term “prejudice against taking the interests of animals” has not been explained well with respect to what prejudices and how it relates to the whites’ differentiation against blacks. The comparison made here is vague, therefore. The author argues a lot on the basis of the “blackness of skin” but the pain inflicted on animals is the same or almost equal by whites and blacks, i.e. by human beings in general.
Rene Descartes (1596-1650) was a creative mathematician as well as a scientific thinker. He has some specific achievements in natural philosophy. He offered a new vision of the natural world that continues to shape the thought of humankind today. It includes the modern account of the mind-body problem.
Symposium.
Symposium is the philosophical text written by Plato, in which he has described several concepts of love which were held by ancient Athenians. In this book, Plato has precisely incorporated the conceptions of love in contrast with the multiple distinct idea of love and this idea of Plato was communicated by Socrates.
Happiness is also not synonymous with money nor is there a dictionary meaning for it. Happiness is neither measurable nor definable, but it is all about the result of an individual’s appreciation and reflection of things and people in his life, and the kindness and generosity that these things and people instil in him.
Through all these factors, he developed philosophical theories that explained these aspects. As a result, below are the philosophical teachings and ideas that were put forward by Epicurus: Pleasure and pain - Pleasure and pain were referred to by Epicurus as characteristics of life, and life is made up of all that is good as well as all that is bad.