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That means that his/her personal interests influence the decision he/she makes and the conflict of interests arises as a result. The most exact definition that can be provided is “A conflict of interest is a set of circumstances that creates a risk that professional judgment or actions regarding a primary interest will be unduly influenced by a secondary interest” (Lo and Field 1993, cited in Thomson 1993).
Warfare has existed since time immemorial. Destroying generations over political issues became an art over the period. Many philosophers and writers have tried to explain the benefits of countries warring against each other either openly or through guerilla war but repeatedly they have failed to do so.
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According to utilitarianism, the morally right action may sometimes be a terrible action that results in negative consequences. The situation above is the case since utilitarianism holds it that an action can be morally right if the action grants the greatest amount of pleasure or the greatest good to the greatest number of people.
"Universalist and impartialist" about Utilitarianism
Utilitarianism is often said to be a ‘universalist’ and ‘impartialist’ theory. Back up your claims with reasons. While Utilitarianism as a practical philosophy can find application in affairs of democratic policy making and economics, its stature are a satisfactory system of morality is contested.
On this basis, impressions are the results of two things; direct sense experience and remembered or imagined experience, which translates to having two types of impressions that are sensation and reflection. Reflection, in this case, refers to the remembered experiences, while sensation is in reference to direct sense experiences and sensational impression are born from our senses, while reflective impressions originate from the mind and include feelings and emotions.
Poverty has been one of the many pressing issues in our society. This particular social issue has been the source of social anxiety and many perspectives aim to answer the unrelenting question of how to deal with poverty. On one side of the fence, some people believe that poverty is caused by social structure and can’t be helped.
Through a number of martial arts, Taoist views have become popular worldwide. Yin Yang philosophy refers to the ideal state of everything represented by balance and harmony among opposites. According to Chinese Taoism philosophy, complementary principles are responsible for the rhythm of life throughout the universe.
This requisite of the particular state of mind gives insanity defense room in the criminal justice system. (Reznek, 1997, p. 15) By pleading insanity, a defendant may avoid culpability of a criminal act on the ground that “a defendant cannot be held accountable for a crime if his mental illness made it impossible for him to distinguish right from wrong when he committed the crime” (Haycock, 2010, p.
For instance, the workers in the organization must follow the rules and regulations that are enforced by the leaders. Authority helps to create order and prevent situations of anarchy. In the context of decision making, there must also be clear order and hierarchy of decision making.
Halpern has referred to the fact that even though there are various studies showing cognitive differences in males and females, there are also various studies that show no differences. According to Halpern, there are various “tests of verbal, visual-spatial and quantitative abilities that show consistent sex differences.
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Thus, a well or high profile product designs extensively promote the experience levels of its customers all through its lifecycle resulting in a favorable consumer reaction. On the other hand, a poor product design distracts the user's urge to interact with it hence resulting in an unfavorable consumer reaction to the product.
Chaos theory aims to find the general order of social systems and particularly social systems that are similar to each other. The assumption here is that the unpredictability in a system can be represented as overall behavior, which gives some amount of predictability, even when the system is unstable.
The premise of experimentation further got results to indicate that people prefer sad situations that take long but get less sad with time than to experience sad moments that end abruptly but leave behind a mark.
On the contrary, there are those who are marked by miserliness or spendthrift towards their own pursuits without regard to the welfare and services of other people. This is termed despicable and the root of non-service towards mankind and welfare. The spendthrift factor does not stand as the only variable identifying a vice or non-benevolent act.
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Social theories and political science offer a diverse range of issues of analysis thanks to the highly controversial concept of sovereignty. Contemporary times have seen the emergence of a discussion regarding international laws and political concepts. These laws and concepts should not be based on absolute and static truth.
Now the kind of love that explains the relationship between a man and woman, those are a couple of sexual partners, can be defined as a category in itself. However, referring to Aristotle’s works, Solomon might have tried to define love in a broader context. Consequently, he selected to reflect on human behavior (and particularly his/her statements) during sex.
That is as far as labor relations are concerned. In the same document, there is also a provision that every person has a right to a clean and healthy environment which includes: to have the environment protected for the benefit of present and future generations.
Two of the most powerful theories that have affected and are still affecting how people shape their mindset, goals, and life would be Universalist and Impartialist theories. Universalism is a theory that hinges on a central belief that all people are saved.
As with all opinions, does not mean that one is right, or one is wrong. Aristotle’s views, while not necessarily congruent with Plato’s views, do show a strong influence as a result of what Plato taught. Plato’s discourses are heavily influenced by the Pre-Socratics and Sophists, and none too little influenced by Socrates himself.
As August Comte was the first person who referred this study as sociology and scientific study in 1938, he also proposed this as social order study. However earlier, Comte used this term as social physics and later it was referred as sociology (Clark, 2012). The events which are notified in the history of sociology are three as main characteristics.
Theories are laid down principles that try to explain a common fact or phenomenon. They are accepted and can be used to foresee a natural occurrence. Scholars have developed numerous theories of law, among them being Natural Law, Legal Realism, and Positivism. These three will make the basis of our discussion as we respond to the case provided.
610, the angel Gabriel appeared to Prophet Muhammad and revealed to him the Quran, the Islamic holy book. That revelation, Laylat Al-Qadar—or the “Night of Power”—is believed to have occurred during Ramadan. Muslims fast during that month as a way to commemorate the revelation of the Quran.
Hence the need to ask, “Does God exists?” And is proof for the existence of God necessary? There have emerged various arguments to support the existence of God. First is the ontological argument that invokes the belief of the existence of a being that is all perfect, omniscient, and powerful. It asserts that God is “that than which no greater can be conceived.”
According to the paper a major reason for the controversy surrounding this topic is lack of clarity and agreement on definitive parameters, due to assorted political agenda on all sides. Parameters are roughly distributed around the following categories: desegregation, multiculturalism, and cultural relativism/social justice. Diversity education requires more than the presence of assorted skin color and assorted ethnic identity, Social class, religion, parenting styles, and family composition, for example, do not always follow color lines.
Among Plato’s renowned works was the Republic (370 BC), which is written as a dialogue whereby Plato strives excellently to define the condition of justice by use of imaginary creation of an idyllic community where perfect life can flourish (5). Many scholars argue that Plato’s concept of the tripartite soul ultimately makes him unable to give a comprehensive account of personality or unified soul.
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In the past, one of the beliefs present in Christianity was that due to the moral issues, divorce was considered to be sinful; biblical quotes were given as a way to prove this point, however, upon closer examination, it can be shown that the reverse is, in fact, the case. Morals are rules or habits of conduct, especially sexual conduct, concerning standards of right and wrong.
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He focuses more on consequences which he may face should he behave in a given way to a particular individual. His moral actions seem to be determined by the loss that he may incur in the process. For instance, in his response to the moral question of assisting the co-workers with money to sin, he seems to contradict his moral position.
The goal can be achieved by following the track. The track that leads to having a pure mind is to follow "three pieces of training" which were taught by Buddha. The first being is 'Sila' which restricts man from all sorts of misdeeds like drinking, stealing, adultery, lying or killing. The second training is 'Samadhi' which targets the human brain.
Nevertheless, there are certain common acts which are forbidden in the public laws of various societies. These acts are called index crimes. FBI considers index crimes are criminal homicide, forcible rape, robbery, aggravated assault, burglary, larceny, theft, motor vehicle theft, and arson.
Democracy is a form of government that has come a long way to serve the people. The great US president Abraham Lincoln popularized the definition of democracy as “government of the people, by the people, for the people”. It was a form of government formed in the reaction and in resistance to abusive rulers who grabbed power for their own interests.
Sovereign states do play an important role in ensuring harmonious existence of different people. This is because the sovereign states have laws, which people have to abide to, failure to which they are to face punishment. In avoiding punishment, people try to avoid doing any act that is against the stipulated laws; thus, promoting harmony.
One of the most influential works that have been written in the history of political literature, Mary Wollstonecraft’s A Vindication of the Rights of Woman: with Strictures on Political and Moral Subjects was one of the earliest works that looked at the conditions that women lived in. it is thus one of the earliest works to articulate feminist sentiments.
Socrates' defense against his case before the Athenian council is based on the principle of his curiosity and the facts that he seeks to comprehend. This is concerning and in response to his accusers that attempt to label him as an evil doer for seeking to acquire knowledge beyond that which is conventionally visible and understandable.
Any acts or choices we make are directed towards the objective of increasing happiness or pleasure or avoiding pain. In society, this is applied to adopting policies that should serve the greatest number of people or the majority of the population and the course of action that would be untaken should have a net effect of increasing happiness.
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The main event that led to this article was when recently, a woman identified as Heather Frost, from Britain’s Gloucestershire is offered a ‘mansion’ to live in with her eleven kids, husband, and two grandchildren. Fogg feels this is wrong, as it influences the economy negatively.
He acknowledges the situation that the dichotomy between science and the environment places man in and looks at several problems that are a part of it. He talks of the different aspects of this problem and the possible defense mechanisms that the planet may have in order to combat the encroachments of technology. For Suzuki, it is also important that one understands the importance of mankind’s position on the planet.
We are introduced to first-order desires, which are those desires that a person has to either do or not do a thing or the other and second-order desires which encompass those desires that use self-evaluation. According to the article, a person whose desires can be placed under the second order and who simply desires to possess a certain desire.
Aristotle is on the side of virtue ethicists. Aristotle argues that moral virtue is about right emotion and right action. The moral individual is generally situated in the middle as regards both. Hence Aristotle explains the premise: the virtuous individual feels “both fear and confidence and appetite and anger and pity and in general pleasure and pain… at the right times, with reference to the right objects, towards the right people, with the right aim, and in the right way” (Broadie 100). Simply put, to have emotions that are controlled and nurtured at the aforementioned ways is a distinguishing feature of moral distinction.
When this happens, the fittest organisms will transmit additional elements of their genes to subsequent generations of species than other organisms which are not fit. It has been evident that over a period of time, an organism builds up features that enhance its capability to exist and give rise to young ones in its surrounding.
This is the ultimate way that humans could extend their power and dominion over the universe; unlocking nature’s secrets and improving the way of life. Bacon is therefore trying to adhere to the idea that humans have something to do, and also that is to explore nature in order to learn more about it.
Immoral acts bring are much better compared to the impracticality of transparency and truth-telling in the government. If transparency and sincerity were the rules, there would always be the question of how transparent and how sincere a politician or lawyer should be, as well as an endless consideration of possible negative consequences.
Books have been the way through which the history of the human race has been transmitted from one age group to another. In addition, they have been through which official records have been kept, and without them, all the great civilizations of the past would not have been able to blossom and flourish as they did.
The problem of evil has caused a significant objection to the conviction regarding God’s existence. However, considering the extent and aptitude of suffering evident in the world, there is a need to determine whether it results from inhumanity or natural disaster (Kibler, 2004). Nonetheless, there is not ample evidence to approve or disapprove that God exists.
Different scholars have put across different philosophies that describe and elaborate on the importance and the role of law. While there is an agreement regarding a certain aspect of the role of law for by the scholars, other aspects differ, depending on the scholars’ perception of the society and its relationship to the state of nature.
The paper has provided ample evidence to support the notion of God’s existence. Some of the arguments that have been raised include the creation theory through an evaluation of the Big Bang and the creation theory. The Big Bang theory is outdone by the creation theory, which is more credible through an explanation of the existence of the universe
Although most people in this world are theists, some like H. J. McCloskey have stood up boldly for their atheistic beliefs. The result is therefore a clash of beliefs. Nevertheless, as long as one uses a different basis for his belief, then he can never possibly argue against someone who is arguing from a different context. The theists argue from one point of view while the atheists argue from a different one.
Neo-Platonism refers to the term associated with the teachings of Plato and the Platonists. It is vital to note that though it bases its arguments on the teachings of Plato, it is quite different from what Plato wrote (Remes 22). Plotinus and his apprentice Porphyry get credited as the founders of Neo-Platonism.
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Some literary works take you to another world or in another realm that you may never knew existed, and some authors contemplate astonishing facts and concepts that introduce you to your own true psyche and compels you to disregard the self-assumed mental inhibitions. Renowned psychotherapist Viktor Frankl’s literary masterpiece Man’s search for meaning, published in 1959, is one such example.
According to Descartes, we can literally see other people (as opposed to, say, hats and feet from an upper-story window); this is because our minds make judgments that what we have seen are indeed people, even if we did not clearly see real people. Descartes’ theory of perception is deeply embedded on the premise that perception has nothing to do with hearing, seeing, touching, or imagining.
Social services and various social programs, which are carried out through different agencies, institutions, and markets, both public and non-government, are becoming harder to describe among societies across the country with any exactness. As communities become more complicated, concentrated, and interlocked with complexities, the scheme of setting up a social welfare has likewise becoming more complicated and systematized (Titmuss 28).