Philosophy Essays

These actions and rules are used by the individuals to make sense out of the questions they have about the world. It also serves as an explanation and interpretation of the daily events of the world and how the explanation is applied to our daily lives. The beliefs that one has about a given situation are the driving force to the world views that he will come up with. It is the beliefs that serve as evidence for how he interprets reality.

Scientists from both schools of thought are presenting arguments and intensified research is being conducted to strengthen these arguments. More recently, few scientists have vigorously challenged the concept that human activities are a major contributor towards the issue of global warming.

As it stands, both free will and determinism are well-defined concepts. Compatibilism stands in the middle in an effort to bridge the gap between free will and determinism. In my humble opinion, compatibilism is merely a way of telling both free will and determinism proponents that they are wrong to a certain extent and right in other respects.

The limitations of Divine Pre-formation Theory D. Argument for God's existence Kant's response to Hume's skepticism This paper will discuss Kant’s theory of God’s relation to the causality of created organisms. One of his major contributions relates to the character of God’s input to cosmological relations amongst created beings.

This is because they do not possess the ability to portray their good side. However, the concept does not apply to all human beings. There are those with the rare gift of not having any of these poor traits. After nurturing and proper treatment of people, particularly at a young age, they are able to reduce the effect of these negative traits and assume the rare characteristics of generosity and kindness.

The basis of my belief that animals can feel pain is similar to the basis of my belief that my daughter can feel pain. Animals in pain behave in much the same way as humans do, and their behaviour is sufficient justification for the belief that they feel pain. It is true that, with the exception of those apes who have been taught.

The facilities provided towards the students to peruse higher education have encouraged them to aim for the highest degree. The other factors like the rise in population and the growth of unemployment have also promoted students to attain the higher degrees to lead a prestigious and a better life.

On a more engaged level of reading, Shelley may be observed to have gone an astonishing depth beyond the usual horror story, focusing on characters and the differences between their behaviors, beliefs and values. Such discovery of an underlying intent accounts well for the metaphysically bound essence in Frankenstein.

Locke appears to be interested in the epistemic role of relations, though he seems to be refuting the possibility of a relationship between the objects. Relations are relative and comparative that are exhibited on the basis of their various traits and characteristics including size, magnitude, appearance, and association etc.

An example of the fine tuning argument is one that describes that in the classical big bang theory, the expansion speed seemed to have been fine-tuned. Van Inwagen (1993) argues that had this speed of early expansion been slightly greater, the expansion of the universe would have been too rapid and therefore no galaxies could have formed.

The three impressionist works I have chosen are all by the same artist, Monet, and all bear the same name, Water Lilies. I have chosen the Water Lilies paintings from 1906, 1916 and 1920. For the post-impressionist paintings, I have used more variety, going with a work by Henri Rousseau (The Centenary of Independence), Paul Signac (Portrait of Felix Fenon) Camille Pissarro (Haying at Eragny).

Considering the topic of abortion, it is necessary to understand the utilitarian theory by J.S. Mill. With regard to ethical questions, a quantitative method should be used, involving cost-benefit analysis. The ethical decision should be considered, which would produce the greatest benefits for the society as a whole.

Art in its basic sense refers to the unique expression of a person’s inner self. According to Michael Atlee, it is the embodiment of God’s beauty. It is a recreation of the spontaneous reality drawn from life’s responses and can be expressed in whatever way suitable.

The novel titled, “Ishmael: An Adventure of the Mind and Spirit (1991),” written by Daniel Quinn, is a philosophical work, dealing with the teaching of a man on the world. The story unfolds as a conversation between Ishmael, an enormous, telepathic Gorilla, and a mysterious narrator. They indulge in a string of meetings, wherein Ishmael lends a hand to the narrator in comprehending the cultural history of humans.

This is a paper defending theism position. Let us start by defining theism based on the view “that heavens and the earth and all that they contain owe their existence and continuance in existence to the wisdom and will of a supreme, self-consistent, omnipotent, omniscient, righteous, and benevolent being, who is distinct from, and independent of, what he has created”.

The response of Arendt to the world’s contingency and the ephemerality inherent in her observation of human memory and action is a main aspect of sorting out the tension around power as a political observable fact. Her contingency acceptance that accompanies a temporized consideration of politics, suggests a variety of insights appropriate to the query of how the speculator might better view normative claims.

Descartes’ criticism and rationalism on doubt, led him to establish traditional social and political stand on the subject. Before him, philosophy did not care about the subject and instead it mainly dealt with assumptions. It is after the emergency of Descartes that the subject gained meaning and taking a central position in philosophy.

There are many philosophical perspectives linked up with these issues and one of them include the point of view of Marilyn Frye integrated with her concept of oppression.

In the past, one of the beliefs present in Christianity was that due to the moral issues, divorce was considered to be sinful; biblical quotes were given as a way to prove this point, however, upon closer examination, it can be shown that the reverse is, in fact, the case. Morals are rules or habits of conduct, especially sexual conduct, concerning standards of right and wrong.

Global warming, as defined by the experts, is the "rapid increase in Earth's average surface temperature over the past century" (Riebeek, (2010). Earth has warmed in the past but entirely due to natural causes and not due to any human doing. It is estimated that Earth may warm between 2-6 degrees Celsius by the end of 21st century.

In this line of arguing, people ought not to be considered as mere objects that a person can use to their own advantage, but people are to be viewed as rational beings that should be respected. Kant theorized that if one borrows money from a friend and the friend passes away, then the borrower ought to pay the debt to the next of kin.

Descartes believes that absolute truth can only be gained by doubting one's beliefs and senses about the truth (Aune, 2013). Descartes asserts that senses are illusionary and hinder the knowledge of the truth. Descartes postulates the cogito by pure thinking and claims that human beings should accept it as the truth. 

The researcher then introduces the method of doubting (Cartesian doubting), defines what it means, and explains how Descartes used this method to refute skepticism by giving examples. The principle of certainty, which Descartes refers to as cogito is also explained. The researcher has also given a detailed explanation on why the project was very important for Rene Descartes to accomplish.

For the ideal city to work, Plato proposed a social stratification for effective governance where each class has its functions and described how these classes to rule and be ruled.  This society is also based on meritocracy which means that a person’s station in society is dependent on one’s capacity, intelligence, talent and hard work. 

Phenomenological ontology is a theory put forward by Jean-Paul Sartre, on the real identity of beings. Phenomenological ontology is a situation proposed by Sartre, where he asserts that the existence of self is prior to the essence of an individual. Here, the being and nothingness are the two important factors he is throwing light upon.

From this paper, it is clear that Nietzsche was also responsible for generating much confusion and debate on the aspect of morality and ethics among scholars and even laypeople. His extremely puzzling standpoints of what is ‘good’ and ‘evil’ earned him the reputation of an esoteric moralist (Hollingdale 162).

Many types of monism constitute the main philosophy of oneness, but the main types include existence monism.  The existence of materialistic monism is focused on the concrete objects that are counted by tokens.  It follows the main formula which depends on the target and the unit.  Monism is the opposing concept of pluralism and nihilism because these concepts are focused on the importance of plurality like things (Schaffer “Monism”). 

The epistemology is based on the idea that knowledge is not complete and that it is not justified as a true form of belief. The main problem that skepticism poses is how to believe what is happening around a person and to what extent can an individual know about the happenings and events around him. 

The works of both the two philosophers seek to represent different perceptions on the subject of ethics but there is no way does Badiou’s work advance our understanding of ethics beyond the works of Levina or vice – versa. In my view, both the two thinkers present two different sides of the same coin and their philosophies still end up explaining the same phenomena (Barker 64).

He argued that nevertheless reason is very useful & it leads us to the judgment between good & evil, but when it comes to motivation it is the passion which leads & the reason behaves like a slave of it. Human emotions are not subjected to reasons & they are stronger than logics & previously defined ethics.

It is to this fact that scientists find it difficult to understand abstract statements in life. They are oriented to practical and obvious facts. The philosophical world allows rational arguments to prove a point. This paper seeks to identify the philosophical prepositions as demonstrated by Fichte (Copleston, F.

Sport has always been an activity to improve someone’s physical fitness and acted as a form of entertainment to many people. It brings competition among the participants to test the experience that the participants have in the game. There are many types of sports, which are relevant to many people in different countries.

Freud used psychosexual phenomena for an explanation of human behavior but Jung, on the contrary, used the primary source of motivation to explain human behavior in a spiritual source. Jung believed that the corresponding and interacting drives of differentiation and integration were the forces for the development, healing, and growth of individuals.

Sincerity can be understood as a moral standard arising from within a person, and is based on truth of word and action. It can be a key solution to professional ethics. A sincere person commits such acts that he justifies as not harming any other person living around him, and wants the benefit of all people regardless of the harm he may have to suffer from while benefitting others.

The author states that examples of virtues are: confidentiality, autonomy, equality, veracity, beneficence, finality, tolerance, and respect for persons, among others. He will place a greater emphasis on virtue theory. Virtue theories have less emphasis on the rules and regulations that people should follow.

However, the underlying unifying principle of quality literature is its ability to focus on fundamental and timeless human concerns, even when we aren't especially keen on recognizing these concerns. Because choices are based upon a familiar theme, such as love, kindness or what it means to be human, works of fiction are able to transcend time, space and, on occasion, the need for scientific reality.

If God were omniscient, He is well-aware of all the terrible things that happen. If God were omnipotent, He would be able to do something about all that is evil. Moreover, if God were morally perfect, He would have done everything in His power to prevent all that is not good.

The contemporary world is characterized by unequal distribution of wealth, resources, and power. With regard to the American society today, it is clear that there are capitalistic elements present in the society. Karl Marx in the nineteenth century addressed the theme of capitalism, which results in denial of justice to some class of people in the society.

According to Descartes, we can literally see other people (as opposed to, say, hats and feet from an upper-story window); this is because our minds make judgments that what we have seen are indeed people, even if we did not clearly see real people. Descartes’ theory of perception is deeply embedded on the premise that perception has nothing to do with hearing, seeing, touching, or imagining.

Through a number of martial arts, Taoist views have become popular worldwide. Yin Yang philosophy refers to the ideal state of everything represented by balance and harmony among opposites. According to Chinese Taoism philosophy, complementary principles are responsible for the rhythm of life throughout the universe.  

However, it is worth noting that the right to health phrase is non-existence in the Canada charter of rights. Even though Canada recognizes this right, it has not documented in the documents that establish Canada health care system. The country seems to be more focused on the values rather than rights to health care.

The current paper explores examples where the ‘duty to respect nature’, as held by non-anthropocentric ethics, can conflict with other moral principles. Further, the paper examines how this conflict could be solved and what individuals should do when faced with such conflicts.

Computers use technology to simplify tasks that would otherwise take the human brain and ability hours or even days to conclude. Computers use advanced mathematical algorithms to complete tasks and evaluate data. Computers function is through a series of commands that are part of the software that is inbuilt to run their hardware.

In third world countries, adequate services and infrastructure are not readily available. Disaster response is also limited, reducing the countries’ ability to provide for its people. Contributing towards these eventualities is considered charity, which means the voluntary diversion of funds towards such assistance.

Although there are many in the atheist community that would quickly point to the understanding and belief that religion is one of the primary causes of discord, war, and strife within the world, this particular analysis will seek to take something of a middle path with regards to the way in which religion divides and differentiates one group from another.

Plato cut himself a niche as a writer of philosophical dialogues and contributed significantly to the foundational development of western philosophy. It is in this light that he made several philosophical contributions in the field of education about what education can impact on individuals. Plato viewed the role of education differently as compared with another philosopher.

A lot of books written by different authors often have a message that reaches their target audience. It is considered a way of communication between people who might have similar interests and taste.

The error theory states that the idea of morals is not absolute and that in fact, morals are only a figment of the imagination of the societies that practice them, since they are nonexistent. The error theory is a denial of the existence of morals and it can be said that the existence of morals is considered by the proponents of this theory to be relative to the society that practice them.

John Stuart Mill explicitly explained the Harm Principle, stating that the State capacitates individuals to do as they wish, on condition that their actions do not, in any way harm other people or the doer’s rights do not hinder the rights of other individuals. In a self-regarding action, the State declines the society the ability to intervene in the person’s activities even on the matters of self-harm.

Generally speaking, one notable thing about the Allegory of the Cave is that it presents, although in brief form, several of Plato’s philosophical assumptions. In this regard, I am referring to his belief that the way the world is revealed in our senses is not a replica of the real world but a very poor copy as such.