Philosophy Essays

The author states that the dilemma remains the same as it was five hundred years since the church’s arrival in Latin America, poverty and social injustice are as much a part of Latin American reality as they have ever been. Liberation Theology despite application between church and state in the colonial period is still revealed in the number of priests.

The author states that the English Philosopher Thomas Hobbs and the British Economist Adam Smith proclaimed this tenet. In their opinion, the power of society is limited by the inalienable, individual rights of man. Collectivism refers to a political or economic system in which the means of production of goods and services are vested in the state.

The term eugenics refers to the social philosophy that supports intervention into the genetic composition of mankind in order to improve the hereditary qualities (Osborn). In its extreme, racist form, eugenics intended to obliterate all human beings considered "unfit," saving only those who matched to a Nordic label. 

To illustrate the principles discussed herein, an example is in order.  Within the culture of Greek Orthodoxy, symbolic value takes the form of icons.  These symbols represent different aspects of the religious faith, theology, and doctrines of the church. Beginning with the causative or motivational concept, the icons can be expected to be motivational.

The adjective "epistemological" applies to whatever involves such study of knowledge; it means "having to do with the theory of knowledge." A closely related adjective is "epistemic"; it means "having to do with knowledge." Knowledge, of course, is not the same as a theory of knowledge, just as a mind is not the same as a theory of the mind.

Since the involvement of the feminist’s philosophies in Geography, it has laid down a challenge to old ways of thinking, with the exposure of women of all classes in patriarchal structures. None of the developments which involved the contribution of feminists could be ignored for they were constitutive of new ways of thinking which apart from being developmental were both political and personal.

The Descartes quote points out: “…after considering everything very thoroughly, I must finally conclude that the proposition, I am, I exist, is necessarily true whenever it is put forward by me or conceived in my mind.” This clearly means that Descartes believed that if and when he was thinking of his existence, and could conceive of it, he indeed actually existed.

In order to realize the concept of the positive countertype of the collector, one needs to be aware of several elements that contribute to the concept. It has been a difficult task to understand the meaning of the concept of the positive countertype of the collector. It is mainly because of the fact that the type has become extinct and that two distinct.

The key function of the household is to satisfy the needs of the man, who is the head of the family and has the right to do anything with his property. Wives, children and different things were perceived as property and were treated accordingly. The first question Aristotle tries to explain is whether or not the property of citizens should be commonly possessed.

However, for evolution to produce the perfect individual it was necessary for present and future generations to experience the 'natural' consequences of their conduct. Only in this way would individuals have the incentives required to work on self-improvement and thus to hand an improved moral constitution to their descendants.

The author believes that the best way to understand what the other person is feeling is to actualize with the feelings of the other person. Hurting another person is a subjective concept. Many people do not even tend to realize even after they have undergone the process of making someone feel unconformable.

The author of the paper states that using Aristotle’s logic, it then follows that the study of tragedy can be a medium through which people’s lives may improve. While he stresses the importance of action in tragedy, he claims that it is the plot that is the most important thing in the genre.

The author states that the unique temporal and scape thus provided by the playwright enabled him to depict, as in the play An Inspector Calls, the domain of the Unconscious powerfully. Here, a family undergoes a police investigation of a murder that has not yet taken place. It is a mental, anticipatory trial.

Epicurus’ work in the field of Ethics is a form of hedonism, which has proved to be one of the most influential works in the history of philosophy. However since it has been studied mainly via secondary sources, there has been heated debate regarding the interpretation of his work, with the result that Epicurean hedonism has been subject to misconceptions and misunderstanding and has been desecrated in certain quarters.

Hardcore skeptics argue that it is impossible to assert any claims of knowledge, as one can never truly eliminate the possibility that any sense experience, the vehicle by which we arrive at our judgments about the external world are at best, fallible or at worst, illusory.

Hegel’s philosophy explains right from the human response to consciousness to attaining great knowledge of the un-consciousness pertaining in the world The Geist were said to make noise.

‘Dystopia’ also termed as anti-utopia, is a four-warning, generally of political nature, a picture of some terrible happening. The commonality of dystopian literature, is a sort of Gothic horror, as found in ‘Brave New World’ by Huxley and all-powerfully Orwell’s ‘Nineteen Eighty-Four’. ‘Enlightenments a state, wherein, people concluded that discovery of the natural laws, and adherence to the laws can lead cocreate orderly.

This liberty to do anything whatever, even to injure or kill one another if it seemed necessary, must be useless because each person's exercise of his liberty is at odds with everyone else's. Hobbes wrote that, "every man has a right to everything, even to another man's body.

The author states that for Plato intellectus is the name of the understanding in its capability of simplex intuits, of that straightforward idea to which fact presents itself similar to scenery to the eye. For Pieper, the manner of Leisure contemplation is escorted and saturated by an unforced consciousness for religion.

Taking into consideration how time is conditioned, it is a thesis worthy of attention since people of this age regard time as highly valuable in order to function in everyday living. How should we perceive time and likewise place value on it? By deciphering its characteristics which have previously been presented as contrasting by modern and traditional perceptions, would we then be motivated to approach time with renewed sentiments?

As to whether human embryos are rational beings, that remains to be seen or be proved—as embryos are at a stage where they cannot rationalize. According to natural law, human embryos need not be necessarily shown the same respect as all rational beings.

This notion of Kant has come under scathing criticism from academics and philosophers alike. For example utilitarian philosophers, like David Hume, are of the view that moral standards should comply with the concept of utility.

Freud who is called “the father of psychology” has contributed to the field of psychology in a way that it is tough to imagine the state of this field without his ideology & works. While the past has to be different from us, great thinkers are somehow also our contemporaries. They reach out to us over the centuries.

The article defines utmost strength on knowledge and virtue as the most significant in Plato’s Republic. Only those who can ‘see’ will govern as they are not akin to succumb to pressures of corruption and other unbridled pursuits attached to corridors of power. Plato’s is a wise ideal state, indeed.

This is Chisholm’s basic formula for self-evident truths: What justifies me in thinking I basic that a is F is simply the fact that a is F. Another related example would be: What justifies me in thinking I know that I am imagining a pale blue sky is simply the fact that I am imagining a pale blue sky.

Commonplace individuals habitually discern pity from cruelty through the governance of the sentiments and the partial absence of cognitive ascendancy. Pity has been generally defined as an outward sign of humaneness or an immediate reaction to negative encounters with actual or imagined adverse, inopportune or ill-fated human being.

In his discussions on the subject of happiness, John Stuart Mill proposes that it is better to be an unhappy human than a happy animal. Mill, answering the question of summum bonus—the higher good—which he says is central to concerns of the foundations of morality, uses the human versus pig/fool analogy to support utilitarian philosophy. 

In the controversial 1989 essay titled "The End of History", Francis Fukuyama attempted to give Western capitalism's victory over communism a Hegelian interpretation. He argued that the end of history has eliminated all but one intellectual option for the future evolution of the planet.

Locke argued that the purpose of government was to protect the rights of its citizens, but not meddle on their religion. Whenever a government violates that trust, the people may replace it with a new one. Locke’s writings sought to justify the revolt of 1688 against the Stuart monarchy and the establishment of William and Mary as constitutional monarchs, subject to parliamentary rule, on the English throne.

Albert Camus’s writings were touchstones of existentialism. Not only that but also one author—Alfred Otto Wolfgang Schulze (commonly referred to as “Wols”)—also wrote essential pieces regarding existentialism. Throughout all of these writings, it will be made obvious that existentialism had a great impact on post-World War II European art.

The diversion from "Reason" to the realm of the fantastic is too elaborate to serve as the reminder of what is good and what has gone astray in the novella. The exotic and often fanciful depiction achieves the effect of what can be simply termed as the everyday prosaic and what is romantic and lofty

The modernist period lies from 1900-1950; a time of great progress in art, architecture, music and literature. Modernism, the genre that was associated with this period, featured radical aesthetics, technical experimentation, self-conscious reflexiveness and scepticism of the real world.

Around 2000 B.C.E., ancient Mesopotamians faced hardships in their daily lives, and the afterlife they envisioned mirrored these hardships. In The Epic of Gilgamesh: Enkidu’s Dream, Enkidu describes a frightening view of life after death to Gilgamesh.

We have essences before we have existences because this all-powerful creator made us with essences. Because atheistic existentialism denies God’s existence, we cannot have an essence. It is not the purpose of existentialism to promote a worldview without God but it also does not promote believing in something that doesn’t exist.

The author states that it has been felt that a theoretical revolution in Human Sciences is needed to save them from the helplessness of Structuralism and Functionalist Empiricism. The ideal path to carry out this mission is through Marxism. Archaeologists are of the opinion that both Archaeology and Anthropology should be close to each other.

This essay is simply a reflection of Ideas Views and Opinions from two identified Great Thinkers of the Time, whose Works still live to be greatly admired, acknowledged, and recognized in their Full Honour. The study of these two inter-related Philosophers – and Hence, Schools of thought, is paramount for purposes of Study (Research). 

The author states that Jesus would most likely argue that Protestantism is the most rugged form of Christianity, in the sense that it mainly relies on Congregationalist, Calvinist principles. This is meaning that—by “Congregationalist”—most Protestant churches are independent of councils and such.

The only certain thing in life is death. The subject of death has been widely discussed by sociologists, psychologists, doctors and religious leaders. While they all have contrasting opinions on the subject of death, the bottom line is that death is inevitable. According to Green (2008), the mortality of man has never been questioned by any scientist, doctor or religious personality.

  The first is that our lives are shaped by the choices we make and that, as a result of our choices, we can either achieve authentic being or lose ourselves. The second is that there is no meaning in the universe. People try to impose meaning upon the world but it is a false meaning which only distracts them from the reality of nothingness. 

The question of evil has been the subject of many discussion and philosophic works. It has always been interesting to see how different philosophers viewed the understanding of evil, and how they applied it to reality. It is difficult to think of any philosopher who has not devoted at least some part of his (her) works to the concept of evil.

They were men whose responsibility was to train and educate the sons of Athens [1]. Amongst the ranks of Sophist came Socrates (c.469-399 B.C.), the most notable and wisest Athens ever survived.

Heidegger questions the concept of subjects as knowing beings. He also questions the certainty of knowledge that human beings gain about the objects that constitute the world. The subjects as knowing beings cannot be separated from the world of things or others. According to Heidegger what makes action possible are the shared things and practices.

This research aims to evaluate and present an overview of the facility, to demonstrate organizational structures and responsibilities, to exemine ethical dilemmas and standards, to outline implementing and ensuring the ethical code of conduct, to highlight consequences in case of violation of the code of ethics.

The researcher states that the termination thesis is false. This is because it purports that when a person dies, there is no change that occurs except that the person has simply ceased to exist. It also claims that the person’s psychological or moral importance is not eroded due to death. Another argument that the termination thesis makes is that when a person dies, he does not continue to exist as a corpse.

According to Ann (1970), conventionally there are two types of Epistemology: rationalism and empiricism. Rationalism on one hand explains that we gain knowledge through reasoning, while on the other hand, empiricism explains that we gain knowledge through sensory experience.

Jean Paul Sartre is the philosopher of the school of existentialism. He underlines that “existence precedes essence". In order to understand philosophy of Sartre, it is relevant to know the main points of existentialism. There are a lot of issues of separation and independent existence.

Dualism is the belief that reality consists of two different, separate substances: that of the mental and that of the physical. "In the philosophy of mind, the belief that the mental and physical are deeply different in kind: thus the mental is at least not identical with the physical." It directly opposes materialism.

The analogy of the divided line draws on similar themes to the allegory of the cave. Plato has Socrates explain that the line is divided into four sections. The first and largest section of the line represents the shadows and reflections, the part of the visible world that is a copy of something else, which is not real in and of itself.   

There were things that fragmented the society in Pala and, like Pala, many of the struggles were the same in the 60's. This island possessed a perfect sociopolitical system or so they thought. The sixties were about designing the ideal society or Utopia.

Fiona Wilson in her research note, a review of O.T argues that there is a systemic gender bias in O.T much to the detriment of the newly emerging workforce composed as it is of an increasing proportion of women . Wilson alleges that there is what she terms gender blindness which does not recognize the talents of women because the standards of measurement have been based on traditionally male attributes(Wilson 1996).