Macro & Microeconomics Essays

The housing market collapse followed by the foreclosure crisis had a significant impact on the availability of affordable housing in the USA. About 12 million homeowner households throughout the USA pay more than half of their annual incomes for housing which deprives them of meeting their other essential needs such as healthcare, proper nutrition, and education for their children.

Karl Marx, a renowned theorist, and economist, in one of his famous theories, Conflict theory, depicted that in a social production setting, a social worker uncontrollably gets involved in definite relations, whose totality of production constitutes societal and organizational economic structure (Bartos and Wehr, 2002:2).

This, therefore, means that the waste and its effects are a result of market failures. Identification of the problem is a key factor here and it involves looking at all the externalities of the various economic activities and the economic activities that are associated with them. Problem analysis is the other factor that we consider here.

This paper explores concepts of globalizations and economic systems. Concept of globalization One of the fundamental concepts of globalization is its interconnectivity of different aspects across the globe, a feature that identifies shared characteristics that are transferred across developed international networks.

According to the study there is no single best-practice FDI policy or strategy. There is no unique execution of all the possible policies. The FDI strategy, within which FDI policies are framed, depends partly on pre-conditions. For instance, a large country with few local capabilities and weak trading road and rail network is unlikely to benefit significantly from attracting high-tech FDI.

Name: Instructor: Course: Date: Wealth disparity and effects of long-term Unemployment on the United States Economy Summary of the news article In the article on New York times “The Jobless Trap” by Paul Krugman dated April 21, 2013, The US employment situation is explored and the wealth disparity consequence this has on the economy is equally discussed.

The wage differentials and human capital framework has been the debate of microeconomics decisions and policy making. Human capital is a doctrine which states that human capital is investment which requires cost and pay premium return over the lifetime, in monetary or non-monetary form. It is suggested that high schooling yield higher returns.

One of the most significant causes of the financial crisis disclosed by the author is the market instability. This was related with the poor credit lines which had deteriorated the money supply while limiting the economic growth. Individuals and businesses were unable to pay back their loans which also affected the assets and cash reserves.

Though with deep roots in history, upping the tempo in the early 1970s due to the non-proportional increases in government spending relative to the increases in tax revenues, the recent surges in the debt burden are, however, the result of extreme measures taken to mitigate the effects of the deep and prolonged recession that kept the nation on its toes with a non-convincing recovery pace.

It is argued in the essay, that free trade brings numerous benefits, which should be tapped by developing countries in order to enhance their economic growth. Free trade increases competition and efficiency. A national economy that is accessible to other economies often benefits from global division of labor and acquires innovative technologies.

The discussion will provide an insight of the current performance of the economy and give recommendations on how to further the economic growth of the nation. Discussion According to Bureau of Business Research 2002, the economy of Michigan has been improving in the last two years especially the auto industry.

Free trade fosters increase global trading activities, enhances technology transfer and leads to high economic incomes. At the same time, free trade leads to market externalities such as pollution thus forcing domestic economies to implement environmental standards on goods. Environmental regulations create an incentive for domestic economies.

People who try cigarettes for thrill will be put off greatly by a significant amount of sales tax. But for hard-core consumers of cigarettes, quitting is not easy at all as they experience withdrawal symptoms if they try to quit. They will be willing to forgo their consumption of other products but cigarette. Foregoing the consumption of other products does not curb the need for them.

Sustainable transportation system ensures building of a society that acts as backbone, which supports economic growth through assisting people access their jobs and services easily. If the city is well-planned and laid out properly, urbanization will lessen the overall pollution levels and will preserve the surrounding areas

Dell Inc, established as a kind of small lucrative business by Michael Dell in early 1984 has grown to become one of the largest and highly successful multinational companies of all times in the world. Michael Dell has realized the wide marketing opportunities that can be brought with the strategy of marketing directly to the end users and this has helped the company create a market of its own.

The presence of imperfect competition and the acquisition of supernormal profits are transient conditions that, in due time, will resolve themselves towards a breakdown of the monopoly and greater competition.  It is possible, however, that this may take too long, and so the legal recourse helps consumers by speeding up the process towards equilibrium.

The rising demands of the new automobiles are underpinned by economic growth and fluctuating oil prices. The fall in inflation has supported the increased demand. The political stability in Saudi Arabia has been cited as a positive factor to the growth of the automobile sector.

Marxists see globalization as an evil force. There are no surprises there because globalization is a capitalist system after all. But it does not mean that such criticism is not valid. Globalization does promote inequalities and exploitation. It is safe to say agree with Marxian analysis that the effect is magnified several times more.

The search engines which are used are now recognized as the gateway to the digital economy, specifically because of the information which is provided through the different areas.  Over 50% of online users are known to use search engines as a relevant form of finding information and businesses that are online, usually which leads to e-commerce transactions.

This research paper relates to domestic poverty in the United States. The main aim of this research paper is to report the research findings on the possible solutions to the problem of domestic poverty in this country. To identify possible solutions to this problem we mainly rely on its causes and influence on American citizens.

The extensive distribution services of the company have the potential to serve 200 countries. To establish itself as an enhanced space in the market, the company engages in social responsibilities. Coca-Cola acts as a global employer and is ranked within the top 10 organizations (The Coca-Cola Company, 2012).

Unemployment might be defined as the number of person searching for job with their full initiative yet not getting one. People averse of working at any existing wage rate are considered as "economically inactive" and hence do not fall amidst the domain of Unemployment.

Almost no country on this planet is self-sufficient; every country requires assistance and help from other states in order to survive. This help or assistance can be of various forms; for instance, some countries have agriculture-based economies, which means that their agricultural productivity is higher than their current requirements, so they have the luxury of exporting these agricultural products to countries that are in need.

The 2011 World Development report outlines the diverse costs that economies incur from the high insecurity levels, Mexico included. Violent crimes have unprecedented costs on the economy of various countries. According to the World Bank Group, 2011, insecurity has serious indirect costs on the economic development of Mexico.

vaccinations against infectious diseases). Briefly suggest how government might intervene to correct this under-provision? 5 (C) The Consumer Price Index (CPI) is the official measure of inflation in the United Kingdom. Why might CPI not be an accurate measure of the costs of living for any given individual consumer?

Public debt means the amount of money that the government of any country owes to its creditors. The total debt for OECD countries has risen from 73 % of the GDP in 2007 to 106 % of the GDP in 2012. There are some developed countries like Greece, Italy and Portugal, and Japan which have had a historically higher level of debt.

The audience can deductively draw inferences from the article and conclusively arrive at their conclusions. However, the investors in the Canadian stock exchange are likely to benefit from the information provided in the article. Those investors who hold their money in the Canadian stock exchange are likely to withdraw their investments.

Sugar is a protected commodity in the world market. It is affected by government interventions, price changes, production, and a growing market for sugar substitutes. Sugar is produced in 120 countries with an annual production of 165 million tonnes a year.

In conclusion, the paper has explored China’s economic and environmental issues. This discussion involved an exploration of the main challenges experienced in China, which resonate around economic development and environmental pollution. This was followed by a discussion on the reason for discontinued export led growth in China

Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- ls | .9932233 .0983202 10.10 0.000 .8003217 1.186125 lsf | .1169449 .0451264 2.59 0.010 .0284081 .2054817 lasvabc | .5227557 .0876052 5.97 0.000 .3508765 .6946349 lweight02 | -.1928427 .0676438 -2.85 0.004 -.3255582 -.0601272 lexp | .096436 .0445005 2.17 0.030 .0091272 .1837448 ltenure | .0840076 .011747 7.15 0.000 .0609602 .107055 lhours | .2658989 .0535023 4.97 0.000 .1609288 .3708689 catgov | -.0469187 .034193 -1.37 0.170 -.1140045 .0201672 female | -.2666817 .033851 -7.88 0.000 -.3330966 -.2002669 region | -.0327165 .012845 -2.55 0.011 -.0579181 -.007515 _cons | -2.270849

This research paper has covered various areas of interest, which can help us understand more regarding the current entrepreneurship. The paper looks into the entrepreneurial role in the economy, and especially using the current entrepreneurial skills like internet use, which has turned the whole world a global village.

The author of the essay claims that the reason that can be identified for contraction in trade is a financial crisis. There was slow growth in output by almost 2 percent and the probability to fall further was high as well. The impact of the decline in total world production was magnified in trade.

For many investment banks, even the value reduction of assets did not prove to be sufficient enough to protect them for the severity of the global financial crunch. It looked as the investment banks were struggling to fight for their existence; they were trying to stay alive and remain a part of the financial world.

(Functions of Money) If money had not been there all transactions would have to be done through barter system. That is a tedious process on day to day operations. Money also functions as a unit of account measuring the value of goods or services under exchange.

Unilever adopted another marketing tactic in the detergent sector this year by focusing on the master brands like Wisk, All, and Surf. They aim to double the budget of ‘All’ to about $28 billion as compared to $9 billion last year and extend their line of powder detergents. Already the sales have boosted at the beginning of the year.

The Borders, Citizenship and Immigration Act 2009 (BCIA) was originally intended to provide simplicity to pre-existing immigration laws (Hynes 2009, p. 12).  However, among its main features, the 2009 Act functions to strengthen the control of the border and regulate and extend the time for obtaining UK citizenship.

A developing country like the Philippines needs to realize that in order to achieve economic development, they have to focus its efforts not only on the manufacturing and service industries but more so on the agricultural sector. With 26.5 percent of poor people, it is of utmost importance that they have a well-developed agricultural sector. 

Taxes are imposed on goods; fines are levied on businesses by the local authorities and all employees pay taxes on a scheme commonly known as Pay as You Earn. Failure to pay such taxes attracts a penalty that is paid in the form of a fine. Sales tax is the commonly known tax and it is imposed on goods mostly sold by the retailer to the consumer.

The defence expenditure creates employment through the entities contracted by the administration and the military personnel. The reduction of defence expenditure will affect the defence industry significantly. Reduced military spending will culminate in diminished defence contracts.

This gives a clear call to the political-economic policymakers to cater the stranding business crisis of all sorts. Considering the International monetary fund (IMF) recent meetings regarding the international debt crisis due to the developed economies of the world such as US and Europe, it is easier to note that the bigger spectrum of international business is not stable at the moment.

The National Bureau of Economic Research does not define a recession in terms of two consecutive quarters of decline in real GDP. Rather, a recession is a significant decline in economic activity spread across the economy, lasting more than a few months, normally visible in real GDP, real income, industrial production, and wholesale-retail sales.

The use of animal waste known as biomass is another important source of energy. This source of energy emits fewer few of greenhouse gases however some methane, as well as carbon dioxide, is released into the atmosphere. It takes advantage of the natural process of fermentation. Therefore as oil prices increase, nations will be forced to discover and exploit these alternative sources of energy.

Benefits of Privatization. The term privatization is used to refer to the process of change of ownership of an organization that is owned by the government sector to organization’s ownership by the private sector. Privatization can be conducted in several forms, in several cases, the entire organization is privatized and in other instances certain departments and functions of the organization are conducted by private organizations and individuals.

Externalities can either be negative or positive depending on whether it causes a cost or benefit to the stakeholders and the nearby environment. When the cost of the effect exceeds the benefits, we say that the externality is a negative one; whereas when the benefits of the effect exceed the cost, then it is said to be a positive externality.

Similarly, within the second video, the importance of public affairs, the meaning of words, and the means through which individuals within society are ultimately exhausted of many of the old advertising techniques and if so often been leveraged, the viewer is made aware of the fact that change is necessary in order to affect the new integration approach with a given product or service.

This current research is being carried out to evaluate and present demand & supply changes in metal and automobile markets; impact on the markets for Mazda and Nissan following the implementation of new technology; likely consequences of non-adoption of new technologies in the automobile industry.

The economy of Saudi Arabia is oil based with active government intervention in major economic activities. The country ranks at the top in exports of petroleum products and plays an active role in OPEC. The petroleum sector of the economy accounts for 45% of the total revenues. The government is engaged in encouraging the growth of the private sector.

The most important consideration of the training program from SABK is developing leadership skills amongst the managers of the organization. The key factors like motivation, creativity, and team-building capability are the focal point of the training program which is needed to be enhanced amongst the employees to be a leader in the business.

A positive shock in demand increases the demands for goods as well as services whereas a negative shock in demand decreases the demands for goods as well as services. As the demands for goods as well as services rises or falls subsequently its price to rises or falls.

It is in this context that Fiscal Policy is considered as the measures adopted by the government to adjust its level of expenditure with the purpose to monitor and thus influences the economic growth (Gupta, 2007). Similarly, Monetary Policy is the action taken by the central banks of nations, boards or other regulatory committees those are in the authority of determining the size and rate of the money supply which affects the interest rates.