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Government debt refers to the amount of money owed by the government to individuals. The government debt includes the total amount owed by various branches of the government ranging from the municipalities and states to the federal government. Government debt can be classified into two categories namely internal and external.
This means that the total demand and supply for labor is at equilibrium. In the labor market workers will always flow in and out in search of better jobs. In the process, of finding such jobs those involved will become employed. Indeed, an economy will most likely be unable to escape the impacts of natural rate of unemployment because labor prices rise earlier before the economy achieve zero rate of unemployment.
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Adam Smith argued that the major cause of economic growth was a division of labour. According to him, in order for markets to expand, they did not need government intervention but expansion of markets depended highly on division of labour. Although, he was against government intervention, he was not against all government involvement in the economy.
In recent times some ideas have become redundant and politically incorrect. Most incoming students in the universities stand in long queue to get admission into the universities for the courses that have been closed for hours before they arrived.
Theoretically, the Federal Reserve Banks influence the supply and demand for money supply with the intention to maintain maximum employment and economic stability, facilitate the government’s effort to achieve steady growth in terms of Gross Domestic Product (GDP), and control inflation or price increases of prime commodities.
The worldwide crisis in the U.S financial markets and also the sluggish growth rates in the emerging markets like China are slowing down the trade. This has become a hindrance to the global economy; thus the baby booming generations have become highly concerned about the retirement income security.
The establishment of successful unions of states requires the adoption of policies that can secure these unions’ integration. Monetary union is one of these policies, as the example of USA reveals. However, before such plan is launched it is necessary to check whether the achievement of such integration is feasible.
There are a number of economies all over the world which are showing an advantage in specialized products. U.S. and Japan have gained a technology advantage whereas countries like Jamaica, Mexico and South Korea represent an advantage in terms of lower labor costs.
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The authors Yergin and Stanislaw presented a different perspective on the various concepts in the market through their own definition of terms such as globalization etc. Globalization is perceived as the periods of domination of free markets and is positive based on the effect it can bring about to the standard of living of the people.
The ability of each department to perform its role brings forward specific actions that at some point may hinder other departments or the entire organization to perform what is essential. However, the issue of what is essential for the organization is what makes it more complex for each department to perform its tasks.
According to the paper Improving the efficiency of the workers would require lesser number of workers to complete a job in comparison to the situation when the workers’ skills were not upgraded. The money saved by employing lesser number of workers can be utilized to make the payments for the technological and skill up gradation.
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National development strategies in encouragement of trade are visualized as a critical dimension in the international economic arena (Abbott 276). Nevertheless, trade is only a single element of measures that dictates growth and development projections. Several factors are conditional in realization of trade benefits through liberalization.
The impact of business cycles is similar to economic growth. In fact, business cycles represent the overall picture of the economy. In a period of boom, the economy is growing and as a result, all the businesses end up doing well. When there is a recession or trough all businesses take a hit on their profitability. Big Mac’s demand would be higher in booms and would decline in recession.
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The housing market collapse followed by the foreclosure crisis had a significant impact on the availability of affordable housing in the USA. About 12 million homeowner households throughout the USA pay more than half of their annual incomes for housing which deprives them of meeting their other essential needs such as healthcare, proper nutrition, and education for their children.
Karl Marx, a renowned theorist, and economist, in one of his famous theories, Conflict theory, depicted that in a social production setting, a social worker uncontrollably gets involved in definite relations, whose totality of production constitutes societal and organizational economic structure (Bartos and Wehr, 2002:2).
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This, therefore, means that the waste and its effects are a result of market failures. Identification of the problem is a key factor here and it involves looking at all the externalities of the various economic activities and the economic activities that are associated with them. Problem analysis is the other factor that we consider here.
This paper explores concepts of globalizations and economic systems. Concept of globalization One of the fundamental concepts of globalization is its interconnectivity of different aspects across the globe, a feature that identifies shared characteristics that are transferred across developed international networks.
According to the study there is no single best-practice FDI policy or strategy. There is no unique execution of all the possible policies. The FDI strategy, within which FDI policies are framed, depends partly on pre-conditions. For instance, a large country with few local capabilities and weak trading road and rail network is unlikely to benefit significantly from attracting high-tech FDI.
Name: Instructor: Course: Date: Wealth disparity and effects of long-term Unemployment on the United States Economy Summary of the news article In the article on New York times “The Jobless Trap” by Paul Krugman dated April 21, 2013, The US employment situation is explored and the wealth disparity consequence this has on the economy is equally discussed.
The wage differentials and human capital framework has been the debate of microeconomics decisions and policy making. Human capital is a doctrine which states that human capital is investment which requires cost and pay premium return over the lifetime, in monetary or non-monetary form. It is suggested that high schooling yield higher returns.
One of the most significant causes of the financial crisis disclosed by the author is the market instability. This was related with the poor credit lines which had deteriorated the money supply while limiting the economic growth. Individuals and businesses were unable to pay back their loans which also affected the assets and cash reserves.
Though with deep roots in history, upping the tempo in the early 1970s due to the non-proportional increases in government spending relative to the increases in tax revenues, the recent surges in the debt burden are, however, the result of extreme measures taken to mitigate the effects of the deep and prolonged recession that kept the nation on its toes with a non-convincing recovery pace.
It is argued in the essay, that free trade brings numerous benefits, which should be tapped by developing countries in order to enhance their economic growth. Free trade increases competition and efficiency. A national economy that is accessible to other economies often benefits from global division of labor and acquires innovative technologies.
The discussion will provide an insight of the current performance of the economy and give recommendations on how to further the economic growth of the nation. Discussion According to Bureau of Business Research 2002, the economy of Michigan has been improving in the last two years especially the auto industry.
Free trade fosters increase global trading activities, enhances technology transfer and leads to high economic incomes. At the same time, free trade leads to market externalities such as pollution thus forcing domestic economies to implement environmental standards on goods. Environmental regulations create an incentive for domestic economies.
People who try cigarettes for thrill will be put off greatly by a significant amount of sales tax. But for hard-core consumers of cigarettes, quitting is not easy at all as they experience withdrawal symptoms if they try to quit. They will be willing to forgo their consumption of other products but cigarette. Foregoing the consumption of other products does not curb the need for them.
Sustainable transportation system ensures building of a society that acts as backbone, which supports economic growth through assisting people access their jobs and services easily. If the city is well-planned and laid out properly, urbanization will lessen the overall pollution levels and will preserve the surrounding areas
Dell Inc, established as a kind of small lucrative business by Michael Dell in early 1984 has grown to become one of the largest and highly successful multinational companies of all times in the world. Michael Dell has realized the wide marketing opportunities that can be brought with the strategy of marketing directly to the end users and this has helped the company create a market of its own.
The presence of imperfect competition and the acquisition of supernormal profits are transient conditions that, in due time, will resolve themselves towards a breakdown of the monopoly and greater competition. It is possible, however, that this may take too long, and so the legal recourse helps consumers by speeding up the process towards equilibrium.
The rising demands of the new automobiles are underpinned by economic growth and fluctuating oil prices. The fall in inflation has supported the increased demand. The political stability in Saudi Arabia has been cited as a positive factor to the growth of the automobile sector.
Marxists see globalization as an evil force. There are no surprises there because globalization is a capitalist system after all. But it does not mean that such criticism is not valid. Globalization does promote inequalities and exploitation. It is safe to say agree with Marxian analysis that the effect is magnified several times more.
The search engines which are used are now recognized as the gateway to the digital economy, specifically because of the information which is provided through the different areas. Over 50% of online users are known to use search engines as a relevant form of finding information and businesses that are online, usually which leads to e-commerce transactions.
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This research paper relates to domestic poverty in the United States. The main aim of this research paper is to report the research findings on the possible solutions to the problem of domestic poverty in this country. To identify possible solutions to this problem we mainly rely on its causes and influence on American citizens.
The extensive distribution services of the company have the potential to serve 200 countries. To establish itself as an enhanced space in the market, the company engages in social responsibilities. Coca-Cola acts as a global employer and is ranked within the top 10 organizations (The Coca-Cola Company, 2012).
Unemployment might be defined as the number of person searching for job with their full initiative yet not getting one. People averse of working at any existing wage rate are considered as "economically inactive" and hence do not fall amidst the domain of Unemployment.
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Almost no country on this planet is self-sufficient; every country requires assistance and help from other states in order to survive. This help or assistance can be of various forms; for instance, some countries have agriculture-based economies, which means that their agricultural productivity is higher than their current requirements, so they have the luxury of exporting these agricultural products to countries that are in need.
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The 2011 World Development report outlines the diverse costs that economies incur from the high insecurity levels, Mexico included. Violent crimes have unprecedented costs on the economy of various countries. According to the World Bank Group, 2011, insecurity has serious indirect costs on the economic development of Mexico.
vaccinations against infectious diseases). Briefly suggest how government might intervene to correct this under-provision? 5 (C) The Consumer Price Index (CPI) is the official measure of inflation in the United Kingdom. Why might CPI not be an accurate measure of the costs of living for any given individual consumer?
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Public debt means the amount of money that the government of any country owes to its creditors. The total debt for OECD countries has risen from 73 % of the GDP in 2007 to 106 % of the GDP in 2012. There are some developed countries like Greece, Italy and Portugal, and Japan which have had a historically higher level of debt.
The audience can deductively draw inferences from the article and conclusively arrive at their conclusions. However, the investors in the Canadian stock exchange are likely to benefit from the information provided in the article. Those investors who hold their money in the Canadian stock exchange are likely to withdraw their investments.
Sugar is a protected commodity in the world market. It is affected by government interventions, price changes, production, and a growing market for sugar substitutes. Sugar is produced in 120 countries with an annual production of 165 million tonnes a year.
In conclusion, the paper has explored China’s economic and environmental issues. This discussion involved an exploration of the main challenges experienced in China, which resonate around economic development and environmental pollution. This was followed by a discussion on the reason for discontinued export led growth in China
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This research paper has covered various areas of interest, which can help us understand more regarding the current entrepreneurship. The paper looks into the entrepreneurial role in the economy, and especially using the current entrepreneurial skills like internet use, which has turned the whole world a global village.
The author of the essay claims that the reason that can be identified for contraction in trade is a financial crisis. There was slow growth in output by almost 2 percent and the probability to fall further was high as well. The impact of the decline in total world production was magnified in trade.
For many investment banks, even the value reduction of assets did not prove to be sufficient enough to protect them for the severity of the global financial crunch. It looked as the investment banks were struggling to fight for their existence; they were trying to stay alive and remain a part of the financial world.
(Functions of Money) If money had not been there all transactions would have to be done through barter system. That is a tedious process on day to day operations. Money also functions as a unit of account measuring the value of goods or services under exchange.
Unilever adopted another marketing tactic in the detergent sector this year by focusing on the master brands like Wisk, All, and Surf. They aim to double the budget of ‘All’ to about $28 billion as compared to $9 billion last year and extend their line of powder detergents. Already the sales have boosted at the beginning of the year.
The Borders, Citizenship and Immigration Act 2009 (BCIA) was originally intended to provide simplicity to pre-existing immigration laws (Hynes 2009, p. 12). However, among its main features, the 2009 Act functions to strengthen the control of the border and regulate and extend the time for obtaining UK citizenship.
A developing country like the Philippines needs to realize that in order to achieve economic development, they have to focus its efforts not only on the manufacturing and service industries but more so on the agricultural sector. With 26.5 percent of poor people, it is of utmost importance that they have a well-developed agricultural sector.