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Temperature data is used uniformly with inside measurements of the thermocouple. This is used in calculating the doorway mass flow. The area of the doorway is determined by the Ah1/2 ventilation parameter. It represents an entirely geometrically scaled summing area of the opening of the ventilation and the opening height.
An abutment is composed of a stem wall, an end diaphragm, and wing walls. A stem wall or diaphragm functions as a wall providing lateral support for fill material on which the roadway rests immediately adjacent to the bridge. Abutments shall generally be of the cast-in-place, reinforced concrete type and shall be founded on spread footings.
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The abutment is a retaining structure normally designed and put up at the edge of a bride to act as support to the bridge. Abutments are necessary to act as resistant as well as transfer excess weight that may be caused by the lateral earth pressure. An abutment includes an end diaphragm, a stem wall and wing walls.
With the proposal of having an underpass linking A45 Stonebridge Highway to the A46 Coventry Eastern Bypass at Tollbar End junction, a retaining wall with abutments at both sides should be constructed in such a way that highway is able to withstand the pressure of the motorists plying the route especially next to the underpass structure.
The cost is very important to the owners and the fabricators. This project has been well designed so as to give workable and acceptable solutions. Cost estimation is a tool for determining the funds required and determining the cost of each item as well as the overall cost. The cost estimate has been prepared by breaking down all the items required.
A sand filter is used in the water harvesting system in ensuring that water of the required quality is provided. The sand filter has the capability to filter up to. The filter has three compartments which are concentric to each other the inner is filled with pebbles, the one at the center having coarse aggregate, and the out one if filled with sand
The study of the strength of materials is an important field in the construction industry. This is because it aids in determining the right material to be used. Failure to analyze the characteristic of the material may arise such as the collapsing of buildings and structures in Hartog. The structures carry loads and they have weight exerted on them.
From the tensile test and the hardness test, different characteristics are observed for the two types of steel. 0.4% of steel has a high yield strength of 670N/mm2 compared to that of 0.15% steel. The values of the ultimate tensile strength and fracture stress were also in the 0.4% steel with values being 953.96 N/mm2 and 1671 N/mm2 respectively.
A precast flooring system allows for the overall cost of production to be reduced, while also ensuring that the overall frame size of the construction is reduced. There are three forms of recast flooring that are available. The first is the hollow core, which as its name suggests has hollow cores or voids running perpendicular.
Drained protection does not need the basement to be fully waterproofed since the system drains away from the water through a drainage cavity to a sump where it collects and then pumped away. The pre-cast flooring system typically requires ledger beams support since they are not designed to transfer negative bending moments.
Air transport has made it possible even today to transport perishable goods from one continent to the other without compromising on the quality of the goods transported. In the 21st century, a new form of transportation called the Maglev Train has emerged that could see the transportation industry revolutionized further.
The report explains and shows the readings taken from The Hilton Refrigeration Laboratory Unit and the calculations made from the readings taken. Results are also provided in the report with a discussion explaining the outcomes and the final conclusion explaining what was achieved and learned from this lab.
The available maneuvering lanes require to be widened because the oscillating wave produced by the vessel during docking at the port in combination with the bad weather conditions will not allow the ship to dock. This vessel maneuvering characteristics the required minimum sign distance should be expanded.
The design ascertains how the pedal brake could be jointed to give a more reliable and functioning brake. It is from this understanding that this report is based on an attempt of communicating these findings. The designed brake pedal showed that use of Aluminum 1060 Alloy of masses 8kg, 4kg 1kg and 0.5kg.
The building of Ty Crawshay can be traced the back to the early 1800s. It hosted the school of mines. It was reconstructed in phases to accommodate a dinning lounge, law court, ample study area, and restroom and reception bay. The building had to be re-designed to meet the modern art of the state standard required.
Poor cable layout and wiring systems are the most causes of major electric fire accidents. All industrial, commercial and residential electrical power systems should be checked and maintained regularly. Major fire accidents result from electrical wiring faults. Every year, there are many fire accidents recorded causing hundreds of deaths.
The subdivisions being bridge engineering, civil engineering, engineering sustainability, geotechnical engineering, maritime engineering, municipal engineering, structures and building, transport and water management. Of this, the author would like to bring out six things that he didn’t know before and six things that surprised him.
Abu Dhabi has been facing the impending challenge of Traffic congestion. Spending a huge amount of hours when stuck in traffic and even finding difficulty when it comes to packing is not a new aspect in this particular city. Abu Dhabi has over the years experienced speedy transformation in terms of economic, social and physical structures.
Various studies indicate that it is inevitable to avert errors that occur due to logging runs that occur at the surface. The recorded digital forms may be enhanced by the sonic log data. In a scenario where there is a great interaction between the data and the processor. In quality control, the waveforms would find themselves.
Opposing the torque is achieved by the fact that the bar automatically tends to oppose the twisting cause. In so behaving, the suspension resists the forces created by the movement of the vehicle. This is basically the principle of how the suspension system works. The choice of material relies on its performance characteristics.
The length of the pendulum was varied and a change in the period was observed and tabulated. The equipment utilized in these experiments included; Pendulum weight, 1m string, a stand and clamp, Stopwatch and scales. Two graphs of time in seconds against the square root of the length of the string in meters were plotted.
Where the angle of displacement is small, the pendulum is said to be in simple harmonic motion. By varying the length and obtaining the time for each oscillation, a graph is plotted. The gradient of this graph is the acceleration due to gravity, which is compared with the theoretical value of 9.8m/s2.
Adjustments were made on the length of the string used. After every adjustment, the pendulum bob was allowed to oscillate for a constant number of oscillations. Time taken to complete the required number of oscillations was then tabulated for each adjustment. Graphs of the time were then plotted for each series of tabulated values.
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In order to investigate the behaviour of shrinkage and creep of HSC (high-Strength concrete), concrete design cast specimens of strengths ranging from 100, 95, 90, 80 and 60MPa were investigated for shrinkage and creep strains. The results obtained are verified with five published shrinkage and creep methods.
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The core concept under implementation is the control system’s theory. Control systems theory integrates the mathematics and engineering disciplines with the aim of identifying a set of actions needed to achieve a given behaviour. For there to be observable behaviour of systems, there have to be inputted into the system.
Employee involvement is a procedure for enabling representatives or employees to take part in administrative decision making and change exercises proper to their levels in the association. All processes that try to bring on board the contributions, understanding and support of employees into the organization.
The energy is stored by causing a disk or rotor to spin on its axis. It works on the principle of sourcing electrical energy, storing it in the form of rotational kinetic energy, and delivering it to a load (output) at the time and in the form required. Flywheels are typically sized to provide about 15 minutes of full load power.
Maintenance is important to keep the equipment working all the time efficiently. An effective model for troubleshooting is available in the supplier manual book to optimize the running of the system. Five different equipment used in the project is discussed in detail, regarding the troubleshooting, diagnosis, and maintenance.
This assessment requires a simple design of interface hardware for a lift, with a program to operate it. There are two categories of requirements being hardware and software requirements. We require the C compiler programs such as Visio, Microsoft office applications for documentation and Adobe acrobat application.
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Transverse networks are realized by putting survey stations along a path or line of travel. Transverse networks have several advantages. Some of these are; less organization and reconnaissance is required, can be used in accommodating different types of terrains, requires just a few observations to be taken at the various stations.
Most of the existing and conventional urban stormwater control measure has been motivated by the notion that regards stormwater runoff as a useless resource that adds no value to the amenities of the urban areas. This system rapidly collects surface runoff through highly efficient drainage systems via linear constructed overland surface flow paths.
The study of the properties of materials is very important in structural engineering right from decision making on which material is suitable for a particular function. Metals have high compressive and tensile strength, and are also associated with few problems such as high cost, and corrosion in the moist conditions of the atmosphere.
By use of MBA, it is possible to have the approximate initial hydrocarbon available without using geological interpretation in addition to being able to help in verification of volume estimates. The material balance equation comes in handy in the determination extent of aquifer influence, it is used to understand the drive mechanism.
The sound intensity level is useful because it roughly approximates the way we perceive loudness since it is a logarithmic function of intensity. Equal increments in intensity level roughly correspond to equal increases in loudness. During testing the sound was made from the center of the room where the speaker was making various sounds.
There has been a rise in ethical issues that engineers are supposed to observe in order to ensure that engineering practices integrate well with the community and guarantee that sustainability is realized in all engineering practices. This means that there is a need to make informed decisions in the profession of engineering.
The analysis is done through a proper presentation of both current and documented examples. There is an urgent need to ensure that the engineering professional in various disciplines of engineering is adequately equipped with a wide range of concepts with regard to the sustainable attributes of their professions.
HAZOP stands for Hazard and Operability Study which is a detailed and structured technique for analyzing deviations from design in chemical process systems. It detects procedural errors, failures, and other events. FMECA is a highly structured technique that is usually applied to a complex item of mechanical or electrical equipment.
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The social science studies have taken a huge turn on the materiality factor that is behind the existence of these monuments of national importance. According to Petursdottir (2012), the study of material culture comes during a time when these buildings require advancement in sustainability and preservation with the purpose of extending their existence.
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The diversity of the construction sector ranges from mining activities, forestry, and quarrying activities all the way to infrastructure and building construction. Additionally, product manufacturing and supply, operations and disposal also add up to the sector of construction. This proposal focuses majorly on the UK and the Kurdistan building construction sector.
Surveyors are the main operators of Robotic total stations. The device is very strong and extraordinary electronic equipment that makes the process of surveying to be more effective. Various designs of RTS exist in the market today. There is the theodolite RTS which is designed with a component for data storage and an electronic distance meter.
Before the construction of the ANZAC Bridge, two bridges were in the place. After the opening of the bridge, it became part of the Western Distributor freeway and formed a more structured way for the people linking the cosmopolitan lifestyle of the city to the western suburbs. After the construction of the bridge, it was called Glebe Island Bridge.
Road surface profiling is an essential constituent of road engineering. The activity is of particular significance to road builders, the government and contractors, since it is a primary source of data on micro- and macro-structures, roughness and longitudinal profiling. The roughness value allows the engineers to determine the co-efficient of friction.
In steam methane reforming, methane reacts with steam under 3-25 bar pressure (1 bar = 14.5psi) in the presence of a catalyst to produce hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and a relatively small amount of carbon dioxide. Steam reforming is endothermic - that is, heat must be supplied to the process for the reaction to proceed.
Some materials that were useful in earlier days have now become irrelevant due to the discovery of better ones and the advancement of technology. Metals are still very important elements in our lives today and are used in a number of areas including the manufacture of vehicles, bridge and house constructions, and even making household items such as furniture and utensils.
Advancement in communication systems has led to the development of more efficient transmission media. The development of fibre communication systems has increased data transmission rates as well as revolutionizing the information age. Fibre optic cables are made of glass, plastic or both. They utilize light waves in the visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum.
Using control systems, it is possible to control the velocity, acceleration and position in a given application. Control systems have characteristics that make them vital for use in modern society. The control systems have the ability to mimic human behavior that makes them be used in human operations. There are two types of control systems.
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One of the major problems faced by the reliability and high performance of such amplification devices is the mitigation of the active fiber with regard to photodarkening. The manifestation of photodarkening takes place as an increase that temporarily happens in the absorption of broadband. This absorption is situated in a central position.
The experiment also successfully indicates the reasons behind the material type used in various components. Self-acquaintance and critical analysis of the object prior to dismantling or even assembly is recommended in the long run for groups that might wish to undertake the same exercise. Challenges are noted here.
Sound to light system converts music signals to light passes using three channels i.e., low-pass, high-pass and band-pass. These channels have different frequencies which are necessary for conversion. The sound to the light system has a colored LED which converts the signals. They function the same way a disco amplifier works.
the Gold Coast light rail project was carried out on the central east coast of Australia in a city known as the Gold Coast. The city is the biggest in Australia. It is the biggest of its kind of all the infrastructural projects ever undertaken in the city. This rail has the advantages of super speed, high efficiency, reliability and convenience.