Engineering and Construction Essays

High-power, high-frequency operation, which is used in microwave links and over-the-air broadcasting, is better achieved in vacuum tubes. They have improved electron mobility in a vacuum. Where their performance is reduced and noise is increased. However, in the majority of applications, the transistor has revolutionized how circuits are designed.

Sprinkler systems reduce construction costs due to compartmentation, material fire ratings, etc. It enhances life safety by reducing the probability of death or injury. It prevents fire spread, smoke, toxic gases, and poor visibility. Some sprinklers have fast response capabilities such as ESFR while others are installed with independent heat and detection systems such as Deluge and Pre-action Systems.

However, when the engine stops there are chances that the engine might experience a higher chance to be worn out due to the heating effect developed during racing. As the engine continues to consume a lot of fuel to run the extra weight of the racing car, there are chances that there would be leaks from the engine. Therefore, a better design that uses fewer oil lines is designed in this case report.

Fire sprinklers can be of great significance in reducing losses in the event of a fire tragedy. A malfunction in the sprinkler system may have very many undesirable effects on a structure when a fire breaks out (Jones, 2008). This may be in the form of destruction of property, loss of life, and interruptions in operations. 

To have an effective planning region, an individual has to come up with a creative idea on how to implement the activities. This is achieved by having the future in mind and ensuring that, the living standards of the surrounding individuals would be improved. This calls for a social perspective in which the human surrounding has to be considered.

There are different types of collapse hazards. These include weakened columns, walls, and beams which does not have the ability to support the structure. Freestanding walls and loose chimneys may easily fall due to a lack of support or wind load. Hazards include loose debris, sections of concrete that could be hanging precariously on reinforcing bars

This paper stipulates the fire strategy palling that is found in the university building that houses lecture halls, research offices to be used by the members of staff as well as, the laboratories for research and learning. It further elucidates the planning strategies that have to be employed to ensure that the building conforms to the standard ways of dealing with fire scenarios.

The activity system identifies the environment where people would be working. For instance, where a factory has to be set up, there is a need to identify the places which would occupy working joints, mall for the families, school for the kids, and the shopping area (Todd, 2008). This would enhance the manner in which a given city or town would adapt up to new changes.

Communication, on the other hand, has changed drastically with the introduction of microprocessors. The process of communication is now fast and effective especially with the presence of networking technologies, which utilize the presence of systems that use microprocessors. Microprocessors have made work easy as they can be used in different fields to improve the quality of work.

As a Planner, in the anticipation for the future, one can pursue the highest goals and derive great benefits from criticism encountered in the course of the consultation stages of planning. The proposals contain ideas that depend on existing conditions as well as resources that can be predicted to be there in the future.

MCUs have two types of memory built into themselves, primarily storage memory is either NOR flash type or OTP ROM type while random access memory (RAM) is also built in. These memory types are used

The paper "Fire Engineering Solutions and Risk Assessment to Satisfy the Authorities" is a good example of engineering and construction coursework. As Fire Safety Officer, I have visited Lowery in Salford and had interviewed architects, building control officer and site manager regarding the issue of Fire Protection for the building.

The paper "Fire Protection - Lowry Premises " is a good example of an engineering and construction case study. Fire protection in the world has been in place since the times of the ancient Rome, at this time the emperor ordered that the city be built making use of the passive fire protection methods such as living spaces between buildings and make use non-combustible building materials.

Camp Mountain is a well-known rural residential area, that houses the famous Samford Ecological Research Facility. Dr. Elizabeth Marks had previously owned the land which has presently been bequeathed to the Queensland University of Technology. G5 Engineering conducted a land survey and site inspection of the Samford Ecological Research Facility on August 10th, 2009.

Accidents in our roads have been associated with brake failure, over-acceleration, tire burst, and collisions due to poor visibility of the driving path.  In the use of television, emotional attachment mainly in getting news, soap operas, and other shows are so strong, such that people have developed sight problems due to poor visibility and strong light rays emanating from them.

In conclusion, this report carries an analysis of the road transportation system, its key elements how these major elements interact, and the context in which they operate. Road transportation has elements such as vehicles and roads, bridges, and terminals as the major ones. All these interact to make the system complete.

Various types of field instruments are applicable in a particular field site. This article will provide a brief theory of calibration of the common types of field instruments. For maximum safety and accuracy, the user must ensure any instrument used at a field site is working properly and has been calibrated according to the manufacturer's instructions.

Complex buildings are a major concern to the safety of those who occupy them due to complex architecture, extended travel distance, and the elevated height for egress and means of access. The existing evacuation strategies for complex buildings such as phased evacuation, total evacuation and the stay in place approach have been covered in this paper. 

Devastation from fire is known by everybody, and we should be all dedicated to making living places safer. At home and workplaces, fire remains to be the leading cause of unintentional death and loss of properties. This is a good reason why we should take precautions to minimize the loss of properties and lives.

I also recognize the fact that a steering system is a complex system that has comprises the interaction of the human-centered systems and the technical parts. Several tools have been and techniques of hazard identification have been found out with their advantages and disadvantages noted. This paper however focuses on one of these techniques that is the Hazard and Operability Studies.

A common strategy used by IKEA-type buildings is the usage of concealed spaces. The strategy engages in offering concealed spaces or cavities in the construction of a building, which provides a ready route for smoke and flame spread. The strategy involves having cavity barriers provided to close the edges of cavities, including around openings

Life safety generally means protecting and saving people’s lives in case of fire. For instance, according to Approved Document B2, a sprinkler system is a life safety system as it reduces the risk to life. Similarly, a well-designed means of escape is a life safety system as it allows people to reach an absolute place of safety outside the building

 The lessons learned from the fire were again painfully applicable in the more recent Station nightclub fire which killed 100 people. The Cocoanut Grove was the most deadly nightclub fire accident in the history of the USA. The building was a single-story building with a finished basement, which housed the Melody Lounge and a kitchen (Bryner, et. al, 2007).

In mechanical systems, the mechanical oscillation may either be desirable or undesirable. The desirable oscillation is the one that is necessary for the mechanical system to function properly. Undesirable oscillation on the other hand is unwanted since it creates wastage of energy. Most mechanically developed machines and systems consider vibrations undesirable.

Fire strategies are essential for every building in order to make it safe and secure for the inhabitants. The main elements of fire strategies are evacuation, structure, internal and external fire spreads, fire fighting- internally and site-wide, smoke management, automatic extinguishing system, fire detection alarms.

A building can be served by a solitary escape stair provided that self-sufficient escape routes are not essential from areas in diverse purpose groups. The number of stairs required should take into consideration the distance traveled from different areas within the building and also buildings with few floors and small numbers of occupants. 

BS 9999 reflects on diverse areas which have to be considered when designing a building while advocating a solution for the life of the building, which caters to different concerns such as structural stability in the event of a fire, provision for means of escape, and fire fighting and the level of fire safety management. 

The fire that involved only one room on the fourth floor would claim 12 lives. His returning roommate, who attempted to stop the fire with a padded cushion, dragged the occupant of the room of the fire’s origin to safety. When they finally rushed out of the room, they left the door open and the smoke wafted onto the corridor.

Three case studies of fire incidents have been examined in this paper. The aim was to analyze the built environment fires in terms of fire protection engineering issues identified on the buildings. The discoveries made were that all the fires were accidents and such accidents must have measures for fire safety in place to control them.

There are several cases of fire accidents and deaths in the United Kingdom. It is essential that the building designers consider all the guidelines and codes provided so as to enhance fire safety among the people. This report is based on an analysis of the functional requirement B1 of the UK regulation on fire safety.

Their cores are made of polystyrene and polycarbonate to increase temperature resistance. Lightweight, plastic fibers are flexible and can withstand stress, flex, and vibrations (Grote & Venghaus, 2001, p.40). Dupont demonstrated the first Plastic Optical Fibre in the mid-1960s and it had a step-index or SI polymethylmethacrylate or PMMA core (Kaminow, 2008, p.595).

In the fire catastrophe in Ohio State, the regular guards were joined by national guardsmen and they all surrounded the prison. Rescue efforts were carried out by prisoners and guards alike. The fire was brought under control at about 8 p.m. Doctors were called to minister to the injured at the scene (Ohio history central, 1999).

Understanding the character of the built environment is also important such as the type of building, combustible furnishings, and others. It also includes familiarity with enclosure fire models such as zone and CFD in order to predict fire behavior. The construction materials used in a particular built environment are essential to fire prevention and control.

Therefore, site security is very important and should put into consideration by the supervisors and other members of the management team before the commencement of the project. Good security in a construction site will ensure that all the process being undertaken there by the workers is not affected by the loss of equipment or construction material.

Ever since a great deal of research went into fires from the last decades of the 20th century till date, the art of fire began to be seen as the science of fire. This is because understanding the deeper causes of fire gave a realization that the same laws of nature are applicable to fires as any other chemical or physical phenomenon.

The primary objective of this report is to critically evaluate the means of warning and escape in public buildings. More emphasis will be put on addressing the Fire alarm and detection systems, Building occupancy and purpose groups, and Horizontal and vertical escape route design principles including Travel distances and Exit widths, and Stair provisions.

The authorities have gone to a point of issuing guidelines and standards pertaining to the nature in which buildings should be constructed. This paper has investigated a range of specifications in building projects related to active fire protection. Active fire protection is a measure mainly used in fire protection. 

BS 7974 also demonstrates the importance of considering the installation of fire detections and activation of fire control systems and alarms in order to maintain fire safety in buildings (Grimvall, Holmgren, and Jacobsson 2010). Here, the code guides that all buildings should be designed and constructed to minimize the danger of fire.

the treatment process begins by collecting the sewage from the town in a PTA. It is then screened for girts and solids. The biological nutrient reduction process follows in the bioreactor. 3 zones are used to carry out this process. They include the removal of oxygen gas, the removal of nitrogen gas, and the conversion of ammonia into oxygen.

In order to design the most appropriate means of escape, it is important to determine the average number of people who are likely to be in the building at any given time. This is known as occupancy capacity and depends partly on purpose groups and partly on the total number of people intended to occupy the building. 

Similarly, Approved Document L1a is intended for the conservation of fuel and power in buildings by limiting heat loss and improving heat gains. The document serves as a guide for building owners on matters concerning fixed building services and their maintenance requirements with ways to conserve fuel and power (Approved Document L1a, 2006, p.5).

In conclusion, research on a supersonic flight or the aerodynamics of supersonic aircraft is still ongoing. Nonetheless, a lot has been achieved in terms of proving theoretical research into actual and workable research. This has led to the development of supersonic aircraft that can move at higher speeds than sound.

Any work carried out on the process machinery should be covered by a permit to work systems or similar system authorization that clearly indicate the parts of the machine, the parts to be repaired, the tasks that are supposed to be done for each part, and the safety measures that need to be considered during the maintenance process. 

The platform framing method has each of its floors made up in a totally different way from the other. The roof is only added to the top. In stick framing, however, the pieces are made for holding the building up and for no other purpose. They serve no other purpose like insulation, give protection from wind or rain.

This reflective critical report has actually created awareness to people on various aspects pertaining to fire and rescue activities. Clear perception is created on the essence of imposing knowledge of responsibility to every individual in the fire outbreak vicinity. The report aims at venturing into various duties and responsibilities of the fire and rescue services.

Toyota Production System is a system that was initially created to account for certain concepts facing one company. Many other organizations and industries across the world have been using the revolutionary concepts and ideas founded at Toyota. TPS’s central point of view is actually the value. TPS has evolved to help companies maximize value by understanding and defining value. 

The following paper focuses on the product development process employed by Apple Inc. to design and develop the innovative product iPhone. In this current paper, information and product loops would be identified within which Apple Inc. operates while focusing on the role of the company in managing the iPhone.

The building codes in the approved document B are as follows; B1 represents the strategies that are required to ensure that the building has contained means of escape in case there is a fire outbreak in it. Having means of escape within a building is a very important thing to consider when coming up with a building since this ensures that people do not die within the building.

An approach of this kind usually makes the fire engineers have a study of the possible fire situations by having a review of the features, functions of the building. The adherence to the design of installation of active fire service will also be reviewed against the up-to-date cipher of practice. They will then come up with the population design and the planned means of escape.

It is relatively simple to provide the means for escaping a Charm house. The building must be designed in such a way that there are suitable supplies of early warning of fire as well as suitable means of escape in cases of fire. This is to ensure the occupants of the building move swiftly to places of safety outside the building.