Electrical Engineering Project of Jewish General Hospital - Research Paper Example

CONCORDIA INSTITUTE FOR CO-OPERATIVE EDUCATION LETTER OF SUBMITTAL ID # Work-term Level Work-site Visitor of Report Date Submitted Employer’s Name Address Telephone Number Department in which you worked Name of Supervisor Telephone Number Acknowledgement of assistance in the preparation of this report: Student’s Signature CONCORDIA UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE FOR CO-OPERATIVE EDUCATION (DEPARTMENT OF TECHNICAL SERVICES) CO-OP PROGRAMME ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT AT JEWISH GENERAL HOSPITAL Prepared by: Students Name Work Term Number Date Table of Contents: 2……………………………………………………… Letter of Submittal 5……………………………………………………… Abstract 5……………………………………………………… Project 1 7……………………………………………………… Project 1 Summary 9……………………………………………………… Project 2 10……………………………………………………… Project 2 Summary 11……………………………………………………… Project 3 13……………………………………………………… Project 3 Summary 14……………………………………………………… Project 4 15……………………………………………………… Project 4 Summary 16……………………………………………………… Project 5 18……………………………………………………… Project 5 Summary 20……………………………………………………… Conclusion 24……………………………………………………… References Appendix Table of Contents 22……………………………………………………… Appendix A; A-205, A-203 23……………………………………………………… Appendix B; E-031-C A total of five projects were conducted at Jewish General Hospital over the summer, in order to gain greater practical experience in the field of electrical engineering. The details of the actual engineering processes completed, and the professional interactions are described below. Further descriptions are given concerning important technical, interpersonal, and managerial insights gained, which are summarized in conclusion. Each summary at the end of the report describes lessons learned, from the work conducted. The personal interactions between personnel, including other engineers, lay-persons, and various professionals provided far-reaching benefits that are repeated in the conclusion. Project #1: Title: Major Renovation of the emergency generator #1(G1) of the hospital and the related electrical work. The purpose of this project was to perform extensive repairs to the old emergency generator #1 located in the basement floor of the Jewish General Hospital (JGH). Many of these repairs consisted of replacing the starters of the generator, replacing the hoses and probes for temperature and pressure, and replacing the wiring of the generator’s engine. In addition, the alternator had to be dismantled in order for Hewitt Equipment Limited Inc. to verify it, clean it, and replace the bearings. However, we realized that it would be impossible for Hewitt Inc. workers to move the alternator out of its present location due to the fact that it was too big compared to the entrance door of that room. Therefore, my role as a project manager was to contact an entrepreneur that will create a new opening as well as install new doors in that room in order for “Hewitt Inc.” workers to be able to move the alternator out the room without any issues. To do so, I first had to contact an architect known as David Gordon from “Rubin & Rotman associates” for drawings of the proposed opening and the dimensions of the new doors. For example, Mr. Gordon recommended that only a double door made out of steel insulated with thermal breezes must be installed in the generator’s room. He also mentioned that the double door must have an opening angle of 180 degrees as well as a fire resistance of 90 minutes. Furthermore, I had to approve the drawings sent by the architect before proceeding with the project and fill out a “direct purchase requisition” of $4500 for all of the professional services in architecture. It was important to know that the architect was also responsible for coordinating all of the architectural work, which consisted of a new opening and the installation of new doors in the generator’s room, with the subcontractors. Now, once the drawings were approved, I had to perform a “private invitation to tender” which consists of asking at least three entrepreneurs to offer me their best price for any particular work that has to be done. In my case, I have asked three construction companies such as Construction Gesmo Inc., Groupe Inhova Inc., and Dinamar Inc. to offer me their price for the creation of the new opening and for the installation of new doors in the generator #1 room. Therefore, the contract was given to the lowest bidder, which was Dinamar Inc. with 8000$. In addition, another problem occurred when Dinamar Inc. subcontractors wanted to start demolishing the wall in order to create the new opening and install the doors. We have realized that 2 electrical conduits that were used to feed the pump starters of the generator and also used as control wires, 1 diesel conduit of 3/4 inches that was used to fuel the day tank of the generator and another diesel conduit of 2 inches that was used as the tank flow were all along the wall that had to be demolished. Therefore, I had to get in touch with an oilfield entrepreneur known as D.O Albert Inc. whose subcontractors came to move and relocate the 2 diesel conduits that were preventing Dinamar Inc. subcontractors to start their work. Then, I contacted an electrical contractor known as Britton Electric Inc. whose subcontractors, with the coordination of the electrical engineer known as Solly Maslaton and the master electrician of the hospital known as Arthur Kovalsky. They came to move and relocate the 3 electrical conduits that were on the wall. Now, it was important to know that the project was still not completed. Therefore, once the doors will be finally installed, Hewitt Equipment Limited Inc. subcontractors will be the ones in charge of performing all major repairs to the emergency generator #1 of the JGH which will take about 1 month to do. It was important to know that, for security reasons, Hewitt Inc. subcontractors won’t be able to start dismantling the alternator and to execute major repairs to the emergency generator #1 of the hospital unless the electrical engineer (Solly Maslaton) and the master electrician of the hospital (Arthur Kovalsky) authorize them to do so. Another important thing to know was that a temporary generator will have to be installed outside of the hospital for a whole month, until the old one has been completely repaired and renovated. The location of a temporary generator cost about 12,100$ per month. Therefore, this whole project described above will come to a total of 133,000$. PROJECT #1 SUMMARY The repair of emergency generator #1 was a valuable, thought-provoking experience. The starters of the generator needed replacement. I have also gained an appreciation for the complexity of temperature/pressure gauges, and the maintenance of each, from repairs to the probes, and hoses. It provided a good chance to sharpen my skills working with transducer systems, electrical signals as a function of pressure represented vital knowledge to any practitioner of electrical engineering. [1] I gained additional expertise in wiring replacement. It was also beneficial learning what I myself, could not do; that which would require additional contractors; such as the dismantling of the alternator, when it was necessary to move it. Given my responsibilities as project manager, I gained vital experience from a managerial/organizational perspective. It was a learning experience to secure the services of outside architectural specialists in order to modify the room to the extent that the alternator could be removed, when it becomes possible to do so. These skills of governance and management are essential; in engineering and many other disciplines. Anyone wishing to advance their status must understand how to delegate responsibility, as well as the actual operational functions of engineering. Also, it’s always helpful being able to compare notes with other engineers, and learning to coordinate with Ms. Maslaton was a valuable experience; iron sharpening iron, as it were. My architectural encounters that entailed contracting Rubin and associates provided a good introduction to an ancillary discipline with an obvious connection to electrical engineering. An appreciation of architecture, and certainly in the dealing with architects gives me valuable tools that would make anyone a better engineer; including the knowledge of how to fill out a direct purchase requisition for a new pair of larger doors. An understanding of the limitations of structural design and construction will markedly enhance my ability to plan future electrical projects. Adding to my breadth of knowledge were negotiations that gave me a better appreciation for the bottom line, during the negotiations with three entrepreneurs for the best available prices. It was naturally, quite essential to seek out that balance between price and quality that all true professionals must grapple with; thats what this project, and its accompanying negotiations have taught me. The issue with the diesel conduits also taught me crisis management, and problem solving abilities in hiring the first set of subcontractors. The other factor to be considered from the first project was the need for contingency plans; since the hospital required a backup, temporary generator outside the hospital for an entire month. Project 2: Title: Renovation in rooms A-205,A-203 and A-212 of the JGH Client: Mrs. Smilovits and Dr.Cummings The purpose of this project was to completely renovate 3 rooms in Pavillion A of the Jewish General Hospital. Rooms A-203 and A-205 had to be renovated in order to relocate in there two hospital employees whose names are Mrs.Smilovits and Dr.Cummings. In other words, Mrs.Smilovits will be relocated in room A-205 and Dr.Cummings in room A-203.Therefore, I contacted a construction contractor known as Groupe Inhova Inc. and provided them with all the objectives of this project. The subcontractors had to remove the carpets in rooms A-203 and A-205 and install vinyl tiles to the floor. In addition, they had to repaint the walls for both rooms but I first had to ask my clients for their choice of color painting. However, before the subcontractors could have started the renovation, I first had to contact my clients in order to ask them about the number of electronic devices they will need to move in their new rooms once the renovation will be completed. Both clients told me they will need to connect a phone, a computer, a printer and a fridge in their new rooms. Therefore, I automatically called the specialized I.T. technician of the hospital known as Francois Gagne to discuss what kind of plugs and data connections we will need to install in these new rooms in order to be able to connect all of the clients’ electronic devices without any problem. Once Mr. Gagne provided me with all of the details on what kind of plugs and data connections to install and the correct location for these in the new rooms, I contacted an electrician, known as Tony, who works for the hospital in order for him to install all of the required data connections and plugs in rooms A-203 and A-205. Furthermore, Groupe Inhova Inc. Subcontractors had to demolish a wall located between 2 individual rooms of A-212 in order to convert this present simulation room into a single conference room(see picture 1- I will send it to you Monday). Once this step has been accomplished, all of the walls of room A-212 had to be repainted. The renovation of rooms A-203,A-205 and A-212 including all of the electrical work and the removal of all the clients’ equipment to their new rooms have cost 11 250$. PROJECT #2 SUMMARY The room renovation project was important in that it helped me develop what must be termed people skills. Engineers work with machines, but Engineering always has, and always will, serve humanity. The customers that will contract the services of an engineer are driven by human needs that must be taken into account. In most any sector of industry; there will be more customer satisfaction, and more profit to the extent that clients and customers such as those in rooms A-205 and A-203 can be satisfied. And the perception of satisfaction can be influenced by the development, and cultivation of social skills, that one might term the common touch. In discussing with these customers how many appliances they want, and where they want them, I improve my understanding of engineering. By absorbing their instructions, the Engineer is forced to plan and prepare. In these discussions over electronic devices, my own understanding was improved, to the extent that it becomes necessary to explain, and reassure clients of what will be possible, where and how. In order to teach, one must first understand; and negotiating with these clients over how to wire their rooms improves my own practical understanding of the trade. After that, further discussions with other professionals sharpened my own knowledge; such as the discussions with Mr. Gagne to inform him of the variety of plugs and data connections necessary. Here again, we gain more architectural experience, from the retention of yet more subcontractors to modify the walls between rooms to facilitate the conversion to a larger conference room. The price estimate concluding each project was just one more way to keep the bottom line in mind, and a reminder to seek efficiency as a means to cut costs whenever possible. The illustration below shows a before-and-after diagram of the modified rooms. The position of the wall removed to facilitate the conversion and subsequent electrical work is displayed in Appendix A. Project 3: Title: Ventilation issues in 3 IT Telecom rooms of the hospital: rooms B-554.3, B-481, and D-6625. Client: Francois Gagne-IT Project Coordinator The purpose of this project was to find different solutions to some heat issues in 3 IT Telecom rooms (riser rooms) of the Jewish General Hospital that specifically deal with data connections. My client, Francois Gagne, had inspected forty five IT Telecom rooms of the hospital and noticed that three of them, which were rooms B-554.3, D-6625 and B-481,had some real issues with elevated temperatures above 25 degrees Celsius. Therefore, I immediately contacted a mechanical engineer by the name of Seymour Levine to discuss potential solutions. Furthermore, Mr. Levine and I went to inspect each of these telecom rooms in order to carefully analyze the cause of these heat issues. These heat issues had to be quickly resolved in order to avoid potential equipment failures in these IT Telecom rooms that could have diminished functionality. Therefore, Mr. Levine and I have noticed that room B554.3 had a grille in the door and an exhaust fan. However, the fan was not operating although the fan starter was in the “on” position. In other words, the pilot light in the starter was not lit and therefore, indicated no power. Therefore, I have referred this problem to maintenance in order for them to determine the reason why the fan was not operating. Furthermore, we have noticed that it was extremely hot in room B-481 due to the fact that there were no exhaust fan or door louvers in there. The solution was to install an exhaust fan and door louvers in room B-481 of the Jewish General Hospital. At last, we have noticed that it was also very warm in room D-6625 but couldn’t really detect, at the beginning, the cause of it. However, while carefully observing the room, we found that that there was a 4”x4” exhaust grille in the ceiling ,a 12”x8” return duct in the ceiling above that room and a 42”x22” exhaust riser in a wall adjacent to that specific room. Therefore, a new exhaust grille had to be installed in order to improve ventilation. PROJECT #3 SUMMARY In this project, there was another opportunity for professional development, with a person I had previously worked with, Francois Gagne. Mr. Gagne demonstrated the importance of thorough maintenance/surveillance when he identified the heating issues with three out of forty five IT Telecom rooms, wherein he engaged me to assist him in finding solutions to these thermal discrepancies. This project also helped to communicate a sense of urgency, providing an opportunity to appreciate the consequences of substandard labor. The heat issues serve as a reminder to not treat a highly technical position such as this as if it were routine; because the consequences of poor engineering affects everyone. In general, heat issues could lead to cascade failures of other systems, as a consequence of diminished functionality, and possibly, in time - a fire-safety hazard. Heating problems of this sort, if not resolved can at the minimum shorten the lifespan of computing and telecommunications equipment. Motherboards and the CPU itself can be damaged from prolonged overheating certainly, leading to data loss. [2] Aside from damage and safety issues; too-hot computers will inevitably operate slower as well. In this case an inoperative fan was to blame, highlighting the importance of ventilation systems for proper temperature regulation. While there are large server farms where the temperature must be cooler than a morgue to prevent overheating; anyone with a background in hardware will appreciate the exhaust fan’s role in heat regulation for computing-style devices in offices and homes. A problem with a fan was identified; an issue with a pilot light for the starter; here also - it was important to make the distinction between problems that can be resolved easily, and immediately, and when it was appropriate to send the device away - or call in specialized equipment and personnel, such as the case with the fan in room B554.3 Part of any mystery, or any technical endeavor is persistence in the face of adversity; a good lesson to keep in mind during problems such as the issue with the exhaust grille in the ceiling. Project 4: Title: New Construction for a secondary waiting room in the Department of Ophthalmology in room E-031-C. Client: Dr. Kapusta The purpose of this project was to build a new wall and to install new doors in room E-031-C of the JGH in order to create a secondary waiting room for Dr. Kapusta. This new wall allowed Dr. Kapusta to have a secondary waiting room, in the Department of Ophthalmology, instead of a single. (See illustration 2)Therefore, I decided to contact the entrepreneur Groupe Inhova Inc. whose subcontractors came to build a wall made out of gypsum with an opening at the right side of it made out of frosted glass, as Dr. Kapusta requested. Once these have been completed, the subcontractors had to install a new door and paint everything. I first had to ask my client, Dr. Kapusta, for the choice of color painting he wanted the new wall and door to be. Therefore, all of these architectural professional services executed by Groupe Inhova Inc. which included the construction of a new wall made out of gypsum, an opening on the right side of the new wall made out of frosted glass, the installation of a new door and the painting for the wall and door have cost $4118. PROJECT #4 SUMMARY Here, there was little mystery in the beginning, our task being from the start to construct new doors, and with them a new wall as part of the project to create a second waiting room. Gypsum was the material employed in the process, not an unusual choice. Gypsum - used in plasters, is derived from a Greek word for chalk, or appropriately enough, plaster. Gypsum is a common material for wall and ceiling constructions, including drywall. [3] Here was another opportunity here to gain both engineering experience and improve my abilities of professional negotiation with the client, Dr. Kapusta. Here, we gain additional experience dealing with clients from different income levels and technical disciplines. This project gives me a broader, richer body of knowledge to add to my professional credentials. The doctor now has a secondary waiting room, specifically for Ophthalmology, rather than pooling patients of many different ailments together. This provides another lesson in organization, and classification. Grouping items, patients in this case, based on the specialist overseeing the issue at hand, was the objective. Creating categories for work-flow was a lesson in efficiency that the engineer would do well to keep in mind. In each case, the total cost of the project must be noted, so that the engineer never loses sight of overall efficiency and price. In Appendix B, a before and after diagram can be seen, showing placement of the new wall and door, which should improve efficiency by clustering ophthalmology patients together, rather than in the singular waiting room. Project 5: Title: Acquisition of a new steam sterilization machine for dental care Client: Dr. Schwartz The purpose of this project was to replace an old steam sterilization machine for dental care in room A-024 which was located in Pavilion A of the JGH in the Department of Dentistry. Before being able to replace that machine with a new and effective one, I had to get general installation information from the seller of that new steam sterilization machine which was, in my case, Steris Canada Inc. Therefore, as a project manager, I immediately scheduled a meeting with the sell representative of Steris Canada Inc., by the name of Philippe Dormoy, in order for him to provide me with the operating requirements of that new machine and with some details on how to connect it. At first, I had to choose between 5 different types of steam sterilization machines. Therefore, I had to get in touch with the master electrician of the hospital, by the name of Arthur Kovalsky, as well as with the electrical engineer, by the name of Solly Maslaton, in order for them to help me make the right choice. According to the master electrician and the electrical engineer, the only compatible steam sterilization machine for Pavilion A of the hospital was one of 575/600 Volt, 3 phase,50/60 HZ and 28/29 amps per phase. Furthermore, Mr. Dormoy strictly recommended that a cold water supply of 1” NPT(National Pipe Thread) and a hot water supply of 1/2” NPT(National Pipe Thread) have to be connected to two different closing valves anywhere near the new machine. In other words, there will be a closing valve for cold water and another one for hot water. He continued to explain that once these water supplies will be connected to two different closing valves, they will have to be welded to the new machine. Furthermore, Mr. Dormoy also mentioned that a 3 inch diameter open floor drain will have to be installed near the new machine. He then specified that once the open floor drain is installed, it will have to be connected to a ½” ODT(OIL DRAIN TANK) drain from the electric steam generator of the new machine as well as to a 1 ½” ODT drain terminal coming out of the new steam sterilization machine. Therefore, after receiving all of this important information, I’ve decided to get in touch with a plumber by the name of Christian Paquet who works for “Plomberie Richard Jubinville Inc.” and asked him to make a complete research on how it will be possible to meet all of Mr. Dormoy’s specific requirements so that the new steam sterilization machine performs well. I also asked the plumber to design a plan, after his research, which will show in details how the new machine will be connected with all its specific components. As for the electrical connection of that new machine, I have asked the electrical engineer, by the name of Solly Maslaton, to coordinate with the master electrician of the hospital, by the name of Arthur Kovalsky, in order to send me some drawings of its proper electrical installation in room A-024 of the JGH. In other words, it was really important to know how this steam sterilization machine will be connected in room A-024 and what will it take to do so. However, I am still waiting for the drawings of the plumber and electrical engineer before I can proceed with this project. Therefore, my supervisor and I have estimated this project to cost about 21,650$ which includes all of the plumbing work, electrical work, cleaning and disinfecting process. PROJECT #5 SUMMARY A vital component for any institution that handles bio-hazardous waste, such as hospitals, academic laboratories, or research labs, would be a steam sterilization unit; sometimes referred to as an autoclave. For these necessary systems, the goal is typically to use steam-pressure combined with high-temperature at 121 degrees Celsius, or 134 C. for three minutes; this annihilates the overwhelming majority of bacterial pathogens, and their dormant endospores. [4] Heat labile substances, such as plastics, must not be used in such devices, due to the melting risks. But metal surgical implements and containers can be rendered safe through steam-pressure at these temperatures. Typically, the technical installation requirements for a steam-sterilization, autoclave system are similar: Emergency electrical switch, for shut-down control near the access door to the room housing the system. In addition, a low water-level cut-off control mechanism with a manual reset function. There must be a gauge for the control of high-pressure; some form of limit switch for pressure also with a manual reset. Also, a blowdown tank is needed for a step-wise process of depressurization. This lessens the temperature of the water using a valve system before it can be drained into a sewage system or drainage system. This water must then be reduced to 150 degrees Fahrenheit, 65 Celsius prior to disposal. Plus, provisions must be made for the necessary safety inspections as required by applicable local regulations. [5] Of course, the appropriate department head will be required to maintain logs, and must provide documentation that - each time the system is used, it proceeds through the entirety of the sterilization cycle for the length of time mandated by law - which may vary by province, state, or nationality. For the engineer, a number of factors are vital for the devices installation. Service access points must be of the appropriate length, usually 24 inches, 61 centimeters, and 18 inches in back, (45.7 centimeters). Utility connections should be in the same room as the unit within 5 feet, or 1.52 meters. [5] As described above, the appropriate plumbing system must be installed to ensure that the wastewater can be drained at the appropriate temperatures. Electrically, precision was needed for the generator that powers the system; the installer must check with local codes that specify proper voltage, amps, and phase. The most important electrical components would be of course, the main generator, unit controls, a vacuum pump, and a water feed pump. The Vacuum pump also requires considerable precision, the voltage, phase, and amps are likely to vary; and so local codes must be checked to ensure compliance. To procure this system, it was necessary to negotiate with SterisCanada, Inc. which provided invaluable experience towards the purchase of equipment at the corporate level. This sort of experience is needed by experts in technical fields to gain a better comprehension of corporate operating procedures. It can also provide a basis by which one can learn to shop-around, in a similar fashion as one might with independent contractors; but dealings at this level are likely to require a greater level of formality. CONCLUSION Each engineering task summarized below was valuable experience, and a chance to put classroom learning into practice; vital for future success as an engineer. Each personal interaction builds managerial and diplomatic ability, useful for gaining better deals from contractors, and placating the issues of future clients. These are excellent skills for a future engineer. The technical experience gained from these projects was part of a vital body of knowledge which, at some point, must progress out of the classroom and into the real world of practicality. For a full education, it was also necessary to gain what might be termed, life-lessons, of the sort that come from real dealings with actual people likely to retain the services of electrical engineers as clients. On the technical side, we’ve gained practical knowledge of pressure gauges, and the transducers likely to accompany them, with their electrical signals by way of converting other forms of energy, pressure in this case. Our experience includes wire replacement, the functioning of alternators – gained through their disassembly. Which, during that project, led us into valuable, architectural lessons, as needed to dismantle and rebuild a new door and wall that the unit might be successfully removed. Not to mention experience with Diesel conduits, in the first project alone. I’ve gained reinforced knowledge of outlet wiring, and the ways to redesign a room to accommodate plug-ins for numerous devices, plugs, and data ports as part of ongoing architectural appreciation. For the third assignment, I’ve gained experienced in identifying problems with overheating, an appreciation of the problems entailed therein, and more knowledge of ventilation fan operation and maintenance. My architectural knowledge was heightened once again, designing and planning a new wall and door to separate hospital waiting rooms. I appreciate the raw materials, calculations, and labor involved in the task. And finally, valuable experience was gained with steam-sterilization autoclave units. I’ve gained knowledge of their purpose, method of function, maintenance requirements, and installation methods. Adherence to regulations was vital for equipment of this sort; with such a vast range of safety hazards implicit; thermal, electrical, and if not done properly, biological. Not to mention the necessary plumbing requirements; which provides functional lessons not every electrical engineer may think about. On the less-technical side, the experience gained from personal interaction was vital also, to gain a better appreciation of the needs of clients, and how best to negotiate with them. These projects have given me the ability to take direction and give explanations to lay persons, other engineers, and medical doctors alike. Discussing, teaching a discipline sharpens understanding; and the chances to confer with other electrical engineers further heightens professional acumen. It was good that I also gained practice with independent contractors; as any building project will unavoidably necessitate contact, and interaction with them. With the autoclave, experience was gained in making large scale purchases from a corporation. Anyone involved in construction-related industry or design must have expertise negotiating on both levels. And finally, each report contains details of the final cost; and for the sake of efficiency, any engineer must not lose sight of the bottom line. Appendix A Room A-212 Appendix B, Rooms E030, 31, and 32 Before After REFERENCES [1] Omega.com. (2011) Your one-stop Source for Process Measurement and Control! Introduction to Pressure Transducers. Accessed 7/26/2011. http://www.omega.com/prodinfo/pressuretransducers.html [2] itconflict.com 2011 Symptoms of an Overheating Computer. tech blog. Do It Yourself Hardware PC Repair Software Tips and Tricks on Wednesday, 11 May 2011 by admin. itconflict Austin computer repair service. Accessed 7/27/2011. http://www.itconflict.com/blog/?p=35 [3] Klein, Cornelius and Hurlbut, Cornelius S. Jr., 1985, Manual of Mineralogy, John Wiley, 20th ed., pp. 352–353, ISBN 0-471-80580-7 [4] Hugo, WB (July 1991). "A brief history of heat and chemical preservation and disinfection". J. Appl. Bacteriol. 71 (1): 9–18. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2672.1991.tb04657.x. PMID 1894581. http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/fulltext/119995683/PDFSTART. [5] Jackson, Kevin. 2006. Controlled Rapid Autoclave Blowdown. MOGAS Industries, USA.http://www.mogas.com/hexadoc/Attachments/UploadFile/Rapid_Autoclave_Blowdown_05.15.09_2009102116315.pdf Read More