Biology Essays

Philosophy of science is a field that seeks to understand the underlying foundations, assumptions, methodologies, and implications made in science (Rosenberg, 2005:53). Philosophers of science are out to validate works of science using reasoning and logic.

These compounds can be either synthetic or natural. EDCs differ in size, potency, chemical life cycle, amount, and effects. Many are chemicals produced for specific purposes and are used in pesticides, plastics, cosmetics, electrical transformers and other products.

Name Institution Course Instructor Date DNA Fingerprinting Abstract DNA fingerprinting is a laboratory procedure that has proved very useful in personal identification. With its wide applications, it is causing a revolution in the modern world. Typing of DNA presents unique profiles for each individual except identical twins.

The functioning of the cerebral hemisphere is affected in this condition and thus the day to day performance of the individual greatly suffers as a result of dementia. Dementia can result owing to many underlying pathologies which include Alzheimer's disease, Huntington’s disease and Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease.

Addiction Is a Brain Disease Over the years, the number of types of addiction has increased. An addicted person is said to be one who has no control over the things he/she does, uses or takes. It is not just in physical things such as alcohol but also anything else for example, shopping.

The males weigh less, 325 lbs and grow to a length of 20 feet. They are organized in different groups including Kingdom Animalia, Order Squamatia, Subfamily Boidae and Species Murinus, Eunectus beniensis, Eunectus deschauenseei, Eunectus murinus and Eunectus noteaus are the four species of this type of snake.

The technology used to ascertain genetic fingerprints varies, but predominantly relies on polymerase chain reaction (PCR), which is explored in some depth here. Although there are problems with genetic fingerprinting, this paper finds that the usage of the technology in these situations is incredible useful and one of the more reliable forensic techniques.

It is a process that requires one to employ full involvement of the person’s deeper mind that prevails in the heart region. It entails more than just raising intellectual awareness via knowledge, but takes a person into a deeper level. This process enables a person to acquire absolute wisdom, energy, quick evolution and direction.

Free at last. Jason pulled his scarf tightly over his mouth and eased his way round the corner. Floodlights illuminated the grass on the right but the long pathway ahead and to the left was in deep shadow. He jumped in fright when the Chicago to Memphis train roared past on the Amtrak line nearby.

However, selective logging still has the potential to affect the biodiversity and populations, as it creates small gaps within the environment . These gaps can affect vegetation growth, which are thought to be a key driving factor in the prevalence of bird species .

Numerous researches and experiments are being undertaken to discover a cure for AIDS. An old drug that was used before now opens new possibilities in the treatment of this pandemic. This drug that resulted from biotechnology is derived from a naturally occurring protein in the body called interferon (Bardi par.1, 2, 4; Kallings, 218; Gallo).

Based on WHO and international diabetes Federation diabetes diagnostic criteria, (1999), patient DM is normal since the glucose levels are below 6.1mmol/l during fasting while after fasting the levels are within the range of 6.1mmol/l to7.0 mmol/l which is the border line for impaired fasting glycaemia.

Mendel performed a simple experiment using a pea plant and 4 o’clock flowers. He first bred the white and purple colored flowers. The first progeny were all purple in color. Mendel went ahead and inbred the pink flowers and the results were astounding. Seventy five percent of the flowers were purple and twenty-five percent were white flowers.

Furthermore, doctors and specialist physicians recognized musculoskeletal disorder as the most commonly reported ailment. Its was very common disease compared to the other diseases that affected workers. This statistics raised a lot of concern on how was this disease is going to eliminated among the workers.

The light wavelengths come in a spectrum form in which the different light wavelengths are absorbed differently by the leaves during the process of photosynthesis. In this sense, there are specific light wave length that accelerates photosynthesis than the rest.

Not surprisingly, ethical issues aroused from this development, prompting researchers to identify and to harvest adult stem cells (ASC), as well as develop induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) by reprogramming specialized adult cells, although the latter is only used in drug development (National Institutes of Health, 2009).

Basil plants were planted in three samples of soils that comprised of typical potting, sand, and black soil. Their heights were measured after every seven days for a period of two weeks. The results of the experiment partially supported the hypothesis. The speed growth of basil plants in typical potting was attributed to environment.

(Name) (Professor) (Subject) (Date) Commensal and Parasitic Barnacles Barnacles are arthropods belonging to class Cirripedia under subphylum Crustacea. It is therefore related to crabs and other forms of sea crustaceans. The only difference between barnacles and the other arthropods is that the former have sessile species, or species that cannot move from one place to another.

Cancer are abnormal human cells characterized by “unregulated growth, impaired cellular differentiation, invasiveness and metastatic potential” (Coleman, The Molecular Basis of Human Cancer, 2002, p.3). These characteristics of cancer cells have been used to clinically distinguish cancer cells from normal cells during diagnosis and treatment.

Interspecific and Intraspecific Competition Among Alfalfa in Shaded and Unshaded Pots Abstract The objective of this lab was to detect the differences of interspecific and intraspecific competition in the alfalfa plant. This was accomplished by putting alfalfain combinations of 25 seeds, 50 seeds, 25 alfalfa with 25 tomato and 25 alfalfa with 25 rye.

A wind turbine power generator extracts the energy from the wind and converts to the electrical energy for further utilization. In the similar way, nuclear power is extracted by splitting the nuclei of the elements (most likely Uranium). Nuclear energy is evolved by splitting the nuclei of the atom of certain elements to corresponding subatomic particles; protons, neutrons and electrons.

In the paper the author analyzes the early stage of embryonic development, when groups of cells become committed to differentiate into various cell types such as liver cells, nerve cells and muscle cells. Also he shows the role of the gonad as an endocrine gland in the anatomy of female reproductive system.

Chemically genes comprise of the DNA or de-oxy-ribonucleic acid and RNA or he ribonucleic acid. These are called the genetic material of the cell and are made up of nitrogen base, a pentose sugar and the phosphate molecule. DNA is double helix structure while the RNA is a single helix structure in a normal cell.

Name: University: Course: Tutor: Date: Ecological Issues: An analysis of a cry of the Kalahari The cry of the Kalahari is a book documenting the lives of two young biologists in the Kalahari Desert who went out to conduct a research. The book documents the activities of the two researchers who after meeting in college, learning together and getting married are motivated by the ecological issues of the time to study animals and the environment and how they can help protect it.

The most important organism of this genus is Borrelia Burgdorferi. The organism is transferred to the humans by the bite of ticks. This disease has been considered as the most common disease transferred by ticks so far. The signs and symptoms of the disease are divided into early and late.

From the mathematics we note that the standard deviation can tell us something of the spread of data for a particular area in the field. Above we get the mean and the standard deviation for the measured leaf lengths along each measurement point in the transect.

The seasons have become unpredictable with other weather conditions such as rainfall, storms and hailstorms becoming unpredictable. Environment has therefore, been affected with forests and some water catchment areas becoming extinct. The repercussions have not just affected humans but even animals in the wilderness.

Leaves are thin, and this makes the diffusion of gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) during gaseous exchange short. The midrib and the wide network of veins offer good support for the blade or the thin lamina. The broad network of veins facilitates efficient transportation of materials to and from the photosynthesizing cells.

While dispersal is the sole factor that accounts for the movement of plant and animal species among different isolated habitats, other local influences such as environmental sorting as well as biotic interactive processes contributes significantly in determining its persistence.

Symbiotic relationship Name Institution Date Symbiotic relationship Symbiotic relationship entails two entities that benefit from each other in a mutual way. A positive correlation is the determining factor in the above cooperation. Furthermore, two entities that need each other for survival and prosperity hold the name symbiosis.

Essay Questions in Biology Table of Contents Question 1- (1) Influence of 19th Century Worldviews on Charles Darwin. (2) How Darwin's Worldview Changed Between 1830 and 1860. (3) How My Worldview Has Been Changed/Affected by the Course 3 Question 2- (1) The Laws of Thermodynamics in My Own Words.

Down syndrome (DS) is a genetic disorder that hampers the mental and physical development of those afflicted. It results when an individual has an extra 21st chromosome, i.e. a total of 47 chromosomes, rather than the usual 46 chromosomes.

The larval immature stages are separate ecologically from the adult stages avoiding competition and thus encouraging diversification. The juveniles of all palaeopteran insects called naiads are freshwater aquatic having longer lives compared to the short-lived adults who are aerial/terrestrial.

777). Within this simple description of a set of proteins lies a new story in the continuing search for weapons in the fight against bacteria. The seeds for the possible antagonistic interaction between competing bacteria were planted by Pasteur and Joubert in 1877, through their observation of the inhibitory action of some strains of Escheria coli (E.coli) on the growth of Bacillus anthracis in infected animals.

Streptococcus pneumoniae Streptococcus pneumoniae is among the group of pathogenic micro-organisms that cause life threatening diseases in human beings. The organism belongs to Kingdom of Bacteria (Procaryotae), phylum Firmicutes, and class bacilli. Streptococcus pneumoniae is classified under the Order of Lactobacillales, family Streptoccaceae and Genus Streptococcus.

The participation of juveniles in cooperating with other adults their parents and siblings in order to benefit from exchange of resources and labor. Provision of juvenile help develops a pattern of division of labor and the sharing of food that enable the sociability and subsistence of humanity (Karen 120).

A report Outline Identifying the Characteristic of The Flora and Fauna of a Rocky Shore Profile at Rhosneiger, Wales Name: Institution: Results The presence of different flora and fauna species on a rocky shore are dependent on the tidal water level, chemical balance and interactions with other species in each zone along its profile (Denny, M.W.

Abstract Melatonin is a hormone produced in the brain from the amino acid tryptophan within the pineal. It is a naturally occurring compound and it is found in animals, human beings, plants and microbes. The general level of melatonin vary greatly throughout one’s life cycle, the first time melatonin is secreted is when a child is three months old and that is when most people starts to sleep.

What happens is that in some people with genetic susceptibility, their bodies’ immune systems attack the cells and tissues which lead to inflammation and damage of the tissues. In Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, the damage which occurs on the tissues is caused by immune complexes and antibodies.

up to 90% of all oral cancers are found to be squamous cell carcinomas (SCC).2, 3 The increased incidence of oral cancer is found to be associated with increasing age, with most of the cases being reported from those between 50 to 70 years of age.4 Most of the oral cancers reported often involve the oropharynx, tongue and the floor of the mouth.2 A large number of risk factors have been identified that are responsible for the increased incidence of oral cancer, which has a multifactorial etiology.3Most risk factors are usually associated with diet and lifestyle related habits.

The studies show evidence of modification of human behavior, mood, chemical balances in the body and the menstrual cycle. This research provides clear evidence that pheromones are present in humans, although research is needed to determine the exact chemicals involved, and how these affect behavior, most of the studies examined only an indirect relationship.

Wetlands are typified by exact vegetation, scrupulous soils and the existence of water for a minimum period in the year. A wetland might contain all of this distinctiveness or merely a single or double of them. Floodplains, quagmires, bogs, deltas, sloughs, peat lands, and other water catchment places are all kinds of wetland.

The disease is more common in people above 65 years of age; women being affected more than men. The frequency and risk for this disease increases with increasing age. Alzheimer’s disease progresses slowly, increasing with age and can lead to vast changes including sometimes even a total change in behavior.

PMS symptoms occur in women the days before their period starts every month (roughly 7 to 10 days before) in a phase known as the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle and they disrupt the normal functioning of a person. They actually improve during the menstrual period days and stop once menstruation is complete.

What Causes Cancer Mutations? Cancer is known as malignant neoplasm, the hallmark characteristic involves uncontrolled proliferation of cells. Under normal conditions cells grow, divide and die, but in a genetic defect called mutation occur in cancer cells leading to the formation of an abnormal DNA.

In corollary, a carrier or a person with CAH can have an offspring with CAH if the other parent is a carrier or with CAH. It is important to note that the inheritance of CAH is not sex-dependent. Molecular basis of CAH Among the types of CAH are 21-hydroxylase, 17-hydroxylase, 11-beta-hydroxylase and 3-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiencies, which cause aldosterone depletion and salt wasting, with 21-hydroxylase deficiency being the most common (Wilson n.

[Student’s Name] [Instructor’s Name] [Course Title] 15 April 2012 Qatar's CO2 Emissions Qatar has achieved remarkable economic growth over the years by capitalizing on its natural resources of oil and gas. While it boasts of being one of the richest and developed countries of the world, it also has the highest per capita carbon footprint owing to its use of fossil fuels.

In fact, plants and animals could be developed through genetic modification to produce essential vitamins and minerals and organs for human health benefits; and create new varieties for botanical curiosities (Davies 122; Nakatsuka et al. 231; Gock et al. 9).

Various factors with potential influence on the inferior coronary conditions can prove fatal as they lead to heart disease, which is presently the most common reason for deaths all over the world. While considering the seriousness of various branches of coronary dysfunction and their impact on human health, it is necessary to conduct studies for finding the remedial courses of action against the increasing popularity of this disease.

There are three centers within New Jersey where wiling blood donors can visit and donate blood. Blood donated within these three centers is used in treatment of premature babies, leukemia cases, trauma victims, burns, cardiac cases and related cancer cases.