Our website is a unique platform where students can share their papers in a matter of giving an example of the work to be done. If you find papers
matching your topic, you may use them only as an example of work. This is 100% legal. You may not submit downloaded papers as your own, that is cheating. Also you
should remember, that this work was alredy submitted once by a student who originally wrote it.
The deficiency of this hormone ultimately affects adrenal glands and is of congenital etiology. This pathological defect is responsible for the cause of congenital adrenal hyperplasia. The disease is autosomal recessive and leads to the impairment of cortisol synthesis, which takes place in the cortex of the adrenal gland.
This mechanism of biology on which mammals and other vertebrates are heavily reliant on, including genes of the cone opsin and their specific photopigments is conserved to a very high level. However, they way in which different mammals use color vision’s fundamental elements varies strikingly, especially in the way that they emerge and disappear in various altered forms over the evolutionary course.
Preview sample
sponsored ads
Hire a pro to write a paper under your requirements!
Win a special DISCOUNT!
Put in your e-mail and click the button with your lucky finger
As genes are the basic control machine of the cell, alteration of any kind may bring devastating consequences, or malignancy. Moreover, in normal cells damage of any kind is taken care by the repair system but in cancer cells, the repair function is altered, hence damaged DNA is not repaired, occurs, cells divide continuously without displaying senescence, generating a series of abnormal cells (Alberts, 2007).
Viruses are one of the microbes that have caused severe harm to human life and health. Out of the whole pool of viruses, is the hepatitis C virus that has infected around 3% of the global population. The question of finding an HCV homolog in other animals is essential to probe deeper into its phylogenetic linkage in nature.
5 pages (1250 words)
, Download 2
, Research Paper
Mammals, fish, plants, and insects as well as microorganisms, which include yeast and bacteria, are examples of organisms that have been modified genetically (Starr, Evers, & Starr, 2013). For several decades, scientists have used experimental animals for biomedical research as well as scientific investigations.
Much later data, however, point out to approximately 600,000 deaths every year worldwide (Beig et al., 2010). The disease has a high incidence particularly in Southeast Asia, South-Central Asia, and Southern Africa. However, in Western countries like the United States alone, typhoid fever accounts for as few as 300 cases a year due to a good access in vaccination and other preventive factors (Lynch et al., 2009).
The detection of the antibody reaction with the specific antigens is examined and all the physiological process behind it. The experimentation processes of immune-imaging of the cells on the photon of the fluorescent microscopy are also explored in the paper.
The article published in BBC news covered the results of the Big butterfly Count Survey which was organized by the U.K based Butterfly Conservation charity. According to the article the great increase in the number of butterflies which had been calculated as a grand total of 830,000, was a result of prevalent warmer conditions that had occurred during the summer since butterflies and moths are cold blooded and rely heavily upon temperature.
These are the main symptoms of asthma, and it means that a person who experiences them should seek medical check-up. The causes of asthma include air, animal fur, tobacco smoke, and chest infections. These causes introduce particles that irritate the bronchi in the lungs and cause them to swell and take in less oxygen.
In most studies, there is the indication that this community, due to some of its cultural aspects, is making it particularly difficult to handle the prevalence rate of this incurable retro-virus. Unfortunately, that is just one example of a community that is suffering from the menace that is HIV.
Lactase non persistence, on the other hand, is the condition in which an adult lacks the digestive enzyme for lactose thus leading to health complications after consumption of milk. The presence and absence of the gene responsible for digestion of milk is quite divergent in the human population.
Photosynthesis is one such complex process. The most basic definition for it would be that it is a process by which green plants, mostly, and other organisms such as algae (Kingdom Protista), and many species of bacteria, employ the sunlight rays in the synthesis of nutrients (sugar) for their survival and growth from water (H2O), and carbon dioxide (CO2) (Larkum, Susan & John 205).
The numbers of endangered animals begin to diminish. These species face the danger of going extinct. Bernau (2006) argues that zoologists and botanists have tried to identify the factors behind widespread endangering; these include loss of habitat as people encroach on their ecosystems, increased variety of diseases, and reduced adaptive capabilities.
Is it safe? Although there are different arguments for and against this practice, this paper argues against it on the ground that it interferes with the natural order of things, it has not been proven to be safe, it may lead to the exploitation of the oocytes’ donor.
Proteomic is generally defined as the direct analysis of proteins in terms of their presence and relative abundance. Gel electrophoresis is a significant methodology employed for extraction of proteins in proteome analysis. The most commonly used technique in gel electrophoresis is Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
The paper seeks to discuss child-language development. By taking a case study, this paper seeks to advise the parents of Tam, a twenty-month-old child who seem to have problems with language development. The paper will rely on knowledge gained throughout the semester on child-language development to appropriate advice these parents.
6 pages (1539 words)
, Download 2
, Personal Statement
Free
I have traveled to a new country in a very different part of the world. This driving force behind my motivation had sprung up from my six years old neighbor that I had next door in our new house. She was a pretty child but I couldn’t understand at that time why she wasn’t like me and why she couldn’t study at the same school as me.
Plants growing in temperate regions can be able to increase their tolerance of freezing by being exposed to low temperatures, a process called cold acclimation. Key to cold acclimation is low temperature-induced gene expression. Cold acclimation is responsible for the expression of COR (cold-regulated) genes, which encode polypeptides whose function is unknown.
Disassembly of proteins is also called as proteolysis. First of all, proteins in our food are broken down into smaller units called as peptide chains. Many digestive enzymes include pepsin, trypsin, elastase and chymotrypsin. These peptides are further converted into amino acids by various proteolytic enzymes.
The wild-type and the mutants are observed. The mutants explain the role of the genes and the protein expression in the wild-type and hence are essential for genetic studies. The latter part of the experiment ensures learning about the techniques to culture C.elegans in a laboratory set-up.
The experimental values with respect to tidal volume, vital capacity, inspiratory capacity, inspiratory reserve volume, expiratory reserve volume and the total lung capacity were similar to the personal predicted values. Residual volume and Functional Residual Capacity were much higher as compared to the predicted values.
37). Typhoid fever remains one of the most common health problems causing millions of illnesses and fatalities around the world. Salmonella enterica serovarTyphi share adaptation to human host with other serovars like Paratyphy A, Paratyphi B, Paratyphi C as well as Sendai (Porwollik, 2011).
Today, with an increase in industrial activities, man has embraced an artificial life and is rapidly doing away with natural life and its benefits. Humans are concerned with economic activity at the expense of the natural environment. Most people will clear the blossoming natural plants in landscapes to elect structures that facilitate economic activities.
In simple words, the parent cell gets separated into two daughter cells that are similar to the parent cell in the process of mitosis. However, the process of meiosis can be described as the cell division that occurs through sexual reproduction of eukaryotic cells.
Biotechnology entails understanding,exploiting,and modifying proteins for useful purposes.In order to accomplish this, one needs to understand various fuctions of proteins and their structure.The focus of this paper is to summarize various structures of proteins,various funcions of protein molecule in the cell, the link between molecular structure of proteins and their function,and how proteins as a whole contribute to health and/or disease.
Atrial Fibrillation is one of the most commonly sustained cardiac rhythm disorders. Stroke, thromboembolism, heart failure and degraded quality of life results in substantially high morbidity and mortality rates. The disease is rapidly spreading among the population especially among the elderly and hence requires immediate attention for proper understanding, management and treatment.
Lactose tolerant selection commenced 80 centuries ago, in the midst of cattle domestication. Milk was stored in skin bags and or bladders, where it was fermented. Milk was consumed after its fermentation initially. Europe had developed a cheese-making culture. Then someone with the mutation wandered over from Kazakhstan.
The thyroid hormone is known to regulate body metabolism and therefore plays a crucial role in the development process. Thyroid hormones are essential for the regulation of blood pressure, heart rate, metabolism, and temperature of the body, influencing the nervous system, muscular system, and other systems as well.
Bradford assays are among the methods used to determine the concentration of protein, relative to a standard. This technique is based on the formation of a complex between the dye, Brilliant Blue G and proteins in solution. The complex being formed causes a shift in the absorption peak from 465nm to 595nm.
McCrea and Rybak make the contribution of CPGs to the effective treatment of spinal cord injuries more emphatic by stressing further this medical cause. They claim that a combination of CPG and UBG architecture can be used for a better understanding of the neural mechanism in charge of locomotion in spinal cord injury patients.
For a balance in PH to be maintained, different amounts of buffer should be used for different amounts of substrate (Starr et al. 134). The right amount of buffer should be used. Failure to do so would lead to there being excess charges. Test tube one was used as a negative control since there was no substrate in it.
The combination of an RDD and a conventional explosive essentially achieves the aim of dispersing radioactive material in the targeted location, the impact of which is dissimilar to that of a nuclear bomb (Medalia) however, the physical and biological effects of dirty bomb detonation are indubitable.
What the human race has forgotten is the fact that all of us interdependent i.e. an extinction of particular plant or animal may have a cascading or a butterfly effect which may eventually have a bad impact on us as well. Environmental and wildlife scientists have therefore integrated a land management approach called habitat conservation which aims to not only conserve but restore and protect the habitats of plants and animals.
According to the discussion dietary proteins usually undergo dissembling into amino acids, which are the building blocks. The body only has the potential to absorb amino acids, explaining why the body embarks on the digestive process. The change that takes place in the stomach involves the mechanical breakage of solid proteins.
5 pages (1250 words)
, Download 2
, Research Paper
The cell cycle consists of two major steps: Interphase and mitotic phase. The cell spends most of its time in the interphase. In this phase, the cell grows, doubles the contents and duplicates the DNA. The interphase consists of 4 sub phases. They are G1 phase, S phase, G2 phase and Mitotic phase.
13 pages (3250 words)
, Download 4
, Research Paper
One of the profound changes is in the immune system. The immune system, which is responsible for protecting the boy against infection and diseases, becomes less effective with age. The body is vulnerable to infections and diseases. The vulnerability of the immune system in old age is increased by stress.
Biological research of the mechanism of sex determination and gender based differentiation has been studied extensively owing to which two mechanisms are brought forwards- presence of heteromorphic sex chromosome and temperature dependent sex determination (TSD).
The transcription of the mammalian gene occurs along the transcription of the bacterial genes. The promoter is of critical importance in transcription, and must be recognizable by the RNA polymerase. Since bacterial RNA polymerase will take charge of the transcription process, the promoter must be of bacterial origin to enable recognition.
The author states that the target of monoclonal antibodies is specifically the different proteins that mostly cause cell activities. These proteins include the receptor cells and other proteins that are present on, the surface of both the cancer and the normal cells. The monoclonal antibodies are very specific.
For synthesis of proteins and cleavage, embryo gene activation is of great importance as it aids in those processes. The period in which embryos take to break and start the embryonic gene activation is different and depends on the species of the animal (Haian 15).
The glucose residues that form the polymer are usually linked at the alpha (1-4). It also has branches occurring in the location of alpha (1-6) (Halse, 2000). Its synthesis involves numerous steps of enzyme catalyzed reactions. This paper seeks to determine the various step by step pathways involved in glycogen synthesis and the aspects of the regulatory enzymes.
The author constructed a chromosome map, forming three breeding results and using testcrosses that involved flies heterozygous at more than one locus, and taking into account the frequencies of crossover between the loci. Three loci on the second chromosome, an auto some, was chosen to for this experiment for the effect of body color and eye color.
The disease is also known as malignant neoplasm since the cells grow continuously without control forming malignant tumours (Wolinsky, Colson and Grinstaff 2012, p.444). Cancer cell fail to follow the normal cell cycle, whereby after sometime the cell needs to die, a process called apoptosis (Blanco Hsiao, Mann, Landry, Meric-Bernstam and Ferrari 2011, p.342).
It is also known as large intestines. Normal colonic glands are simple and tubular, and they possess mucus secreting goblet cells. These tissues also are made up of cells that absorb water from the fecal matter back into the blood and mucus into the lumen of the colon so as to lubricate the fecal matter.
Bispecific antibodies widen a potential utility of therapies based on antibodies through enabling engagement of two different targets simultaneously. However, production and design of bispecific antibodies have remained challenging.
4 pages (1000 words)
, Download 2
, Research Paper
Close to eighty percent of active pharmaceutical ingredients and finished drugs come from nations outside America. Importation of foods from outside countries pose a great risk on the health and lives of both animals and individuals in the U.S. according to a research carried out on the risks associated on food importation, it was discovered that a certain number of animals and people in America die while others suffer from serious infections obtained from some imported foods.
There is numerous and convincing evidence that living organisms have undergone the process of evolution spanning over a period of millions of years. The account of human evolution dates back to approximately 30 million years ago in North Africa, when the now expansive Sahara desert was an expanse of lush rain forests, and the region was inhabited by a species identified by historians as Aegyptopithecus.
5 pages (1250 words)
, Download 2
, Research Paper
Right whales are classified as marine mammals. They belong to the ‘cetaceans’ group; the term cetacean means ‘sea monster’ or ‘whale’. Right whales, similar to the North Atlantic right whale, are one of the rarest marine mammals (Knowlton & Kraus 193).
Breast cancer is one of the known cancer diseases whose cure remains speculative. Though doctors and researchers have always been blamed for not doing much to ascertain the real treatment of breast cancer, the lack of basic information about the disease has increased its spread. It is well understood that not everybody is a scientist.
Emerging illness is a phrase that has been utilized with augmenting occurrence to delineate the appearance of an unidentified contagion or a beforehand identified contagion that expanded to a new ecological niche or a geographical area (Howard & Fletcher, 2012).