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When genocide happens to any country, one of the most disadvantaged groups are children. The case of Rwanda alone reveals shocking statistics in its case of genocide. According to the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF ), there are more than one million orphans in Rwanda. The majority of these orphaned children were victims of the 1991 genocide.
The purpose of the historian is to record both collecting positive knowledge and also the errors made by previous generations of scientists during this process. Knowledge of such information facilitates the perception of modern theories, concepts, and methodologies by students.
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12 pages (3589 words)
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One of the precautions in using art therapy with children is in interpreting the art. Cockle (1994) discusses several issues when interpreting children’s art in therapy. It is important to be clear about what feelings the child is expressing in the art. The child’s individuality must be taken into account and generalizations are to be avoided.
The author states that video games are all kinds that are famous between children and adolescents on the basis of their usage of enhanced technology and diversity. People have shown interest in all kinds of video games and violent games are one of them. The parents stop their children to stay away from all kinds of violence.
The author states that to provide an optimal environment, they can use a number of aids including relevant theories. As the mental process of the workers has to be optimized for the better functioning of the organization, psychological theories formulated by psychologists will aid the organization maximally.
Rinaldo goes on to explain that real-life objectivity is itself theoretical since it relies on individuals’ subjective judgments and decisions. For example, employee well-being and organizational effectiveness are socially constructed ideas that differ across organizations. To exemplify, she mentions the often-heard dictum “numbers don’t lie”.
The various areas of school curricula seem to have a varying degrees of behavioral pattern amongst the school children. But the psychologists are finding the increasing cases of self-handicapping, the most intriguing, primarily because of the fact that it seems to have become a regular pattern amongst the school children.
The author of the paper states that the study of the human mind and memory has been in days of yore and it has now become a central topic in the realm of cognitive psychology. The term cognitive psychology is used to describe the scientific examination of the human mind or mental actions.
Troubled Egyptians would travel to sleep in temples in order to have their dreams interpreted by priests, who used tricks of language and the ancient Dream Book to answer their patrons’ questions and concerns. Earlier Greeks such as Homer posited dreams to be messages from the gods, whereas later Greeks like Aristotle kept an eye on the symbolic, interpretive meaning of dreams.
Methods of conditioning are constantly being used to instill or to rid of certain behaviors. They also go to show that positivity will be rewarded as such, as will negativity. Not only is conditioning literal learning experiences of behavior, but they allow both subjects and observers to understand the workings of behavior and punishments.
Erickson propounded that mental development depends on the individual’s psychological response to society or the different social constructs from birth to old age. It is more of a psychosocial development where every stage is about how the individual copes with societal pressure and expectations and identifies one’s strengths and limitations.
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Most likely bullying is inbred in schools for perhaps as long as schools have existed. Recently, the systematic investigation has confirmed to be a pervasive phenomenon. However, in her discussion, Arehart-Treichel comments that parents and teachers have become more determined to have actions taken to stop severe bullying. Clearly, bullying can blight the lives of many pupils experiencing it.
It is not uncommon to perform dual or multiple tasks at the same time in everyday life. Most of the individuals perform those tasks such as driving while talking or listening to music, reading while listening to music without a difficulty. However, according to the findings on the subject of the brain functions, simultaneous performance of dual or multiple tasks is difficult for people due to limitations of the human cognitive process.
An important aspect of aggressive behavior is the intention underlying the actor's behavior. Not all behaviors resulting in harm are considered as aggression. The act of aggression involves deliberately hurting or attempting to hurt someone. Any harm done accidentally or with an intention to do good does not amount to aggression.
In particular, the counselor should make sure that there is no ambiguity in the written terms and conditions which may cause confusion in the employee's part. This is the main reason why contracts should be carefully drafted from the beginning. Doing this right the first time can definitely save a lot of errors in the future.
According to the report, the authors made a disclaimer stating that the categories they will present are only guidelines and that “not every baby will fit neatly into one category or another” to prevent the article from causing further worry for parents who cannot precisely place their babies into a certain category.
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As the study declares, some specific cases which cause the elderly individuals to undergo the process of plastic and/or aesthetic surgery including the possible reasons that make some of them become obsessed with plastic surgery will be tackled followed by analyzing and discussing the psychosocial impact of plastic surgery on seniors.
Flanagan’s contention that dreams are experiences while sleeping and its attached theories that dreams are mere by-products of sleep not serving any purpose while sleep itself has the only function of stockpiling neurotransmitters for replenishment proved to be rather loose proposition in the light of recent findings in research.
The results showed that muscle-strength endurance training had the influence of increasing the performance of forearm muscles during 150 N contraction with an accompanying enhancement in oxygenation of the exercising muscle. Such an influence was not seen in the performance of the forearm muscles in the case of ice-ax-grasping despite an increase in the oxygenation of the exercising muscle.
Psychological disorders, such as bulimia or anorexia nervosa, two eating disorders, are largely contributable to the environment as well. Social expectations regarding personal beauty and unrealistic perceptions of the self can lead to this disorder, suggesting that culture directly impacts the continuation or creation of this disorder.
Products have to be customized, retailers have to add value but there cannot be any defined segmentation process in the fashion clothing sector. Various factors have to be taken into account that includes sales personnel, visual merchandising, product positioning, sourcing, timing and the overall marketing objectives.
The purpose of this research study was to assess methods of distinguishing major depressive episodes associated with bipolar disorder from those experienced by patients with chronic depression. Treatments effective in combating depression in patients with major depressive illness may not be effective in patients with bipolar disorder.
The fourth criterion that characterizes PTSD is hyper-arousal. One or two of the following symptoms is seen in a PTSD sufferer: difficulty falling or staying asleep, irritability or outbursts of anger, difficulty concentrating, hyper-vigilance, and exaggerated startle response (American Psychiatric Association, 2000).
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The focus of the paper is on learning and teaching, on special educational and exceptional needs. Other fields of psychology do not analyze the exceptional individual to the same degree as educational psychology. Some of the basic ideas of this field include the development of the child which may be categorized into ‘early childhood.
The therapist’s role has been likened to that of a mother who provides a secure base from which to explore. This means, first and foremost, that the therapist accepts and respects his patient as a fellow human being in trouble and that his overriding concern is to promote his patient’s welfare by all means at his disposal.
From this paper, it is clear that studies reported by Williamson (1994) also support the evidence of psychological effects of steroids. In a study by Choi et al.,( 1990, quoted in Williamson, 1994) three anabolic steroid users and three non-user controls were monitored over several months of training incorporating two cycles of drug use.
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Gambling has grown into a big industry and somehow, it will continue to grow due to people who get addicted to gambling. Gambling addiction is gradually coming to the fore. It can turn out to be a serious problem unless cured at the right time. More than 80% of adults gamble once a year by placing bets on horses, lottery numbers, bingo, online slot machines.
He has held down a regular job for the past three years after getting out of prison and is doing an effective job of being a father to his son, as well as Jewell’s other children. Ken is battling against heavy odds - centuries of prejudice, the legacy of the system of slavery, together with a social and economic environment with the opportunities for advancement.
Crime comes from the Latin word crimen, meaning guilt or accusation. Crime is an act that is either committed or omitted which results in the violation of rules or laws of a governing authority. This governing authority, such as a country or a state, is also responsible for determining punishment for specific crimes.
Social Anxiety Disorder is the fear of social situations that involve interaction with other people. It is the fear of being judged and evaluated by other people. People who have Social Anxiety Disorder, also known as social phobia, tend to be shy, reserved, nervous, or unfriendly. People who suffer from this condition are psychologically ill-equipped to socialize and make friends.
The Members Assistance Program for the diminution of stress for NYPD Officers and their Families comprises of a “synergistic assistance program” that capitalize on the use of the entire accessible resources impacting the lives of NYPD officers. A lot of law enforcement agencies together with the New York Police Department offer professional assistance accessible.
The behavior of a person can be considered as one of the important subjects in the field of science due to the importance in different applications such as in mental treatments and interventions and even in the field of education. An important concept to be able to grasp, analyze, and understand the behavior of a person is through the view presented by the behavior therapy theory.
Resource insensitive tasks are tasks that do not depend on a person’s ability or effort to be accomplished. On the other hand, resource-sensitive tasks are tasks that do depend on a person’s behaviour and abilities. In such cases, the efforts to change one’s self-efficacy is advised. Tasks vary from each other, and some are more important than others.
Earlier studies have shown that a great number of American adults are suffering from brain, mental disturbances, and behavior problems. The National Institute of Mental Health as cited by Kessler (2005) estimated that one out of 10 American children suffers from mental illness and 26.2 percent of Americans aging from 18 and older also suffer from mental disorders.
The author states that the modernization theory was thought to be dead in the early 80s when neo-Marxist and the dependency theory took a stronghold with regard to the development of the world. However, the changes which came to the world with the collapse of the Soviet Union, the emergence of the CAR states.
This chapter provides an understanding of what is meant by the locus of control in personality theory. In addition, this segment also discusses the concept as it relates to the individual and within a business setting. This is a helpful article for general descriptions and as a means of introducing the subject.
In all the articles that were studied, there are several terms in statistics that kept coming up. Thus, it was deemed important to understand what these common terms mean. Hypothesis–simply a conjecture about the value of a certain parameter or the distribution of values for a parameter. Null hypothesis (H0 or H0) – the statement or conjecture that is being tested in the hypothesis.
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Geiselman and Fisher developed the basic technique of cognitive interview (CI) and newer dimensions are being added to it continuously. The CI is based on social dynamics, context building, and imagery. It uses the open-ended questions, unlike the close-ended questions of structured or standard interviewing (SI) seeks information from a witness.
The author of the paper states that there are several theories and research that define the nature of intelligence. Intelligence is usually the mental capacity that enables an individual to think, perform and apply conceptual understanding within the environment that he or she belongs.
The paper has discussed diagnosis and treatments done by different mental health professionals, such as psychiatrists, psychologists, psychiatric nurses, etc. It is hoped that the paper will be beneficial for the students, teachers, experts, and nonprofessionals in better understanding of the topic.
Lack of sleep caused a lack of learning and performing ability in them causing a lack of motivation. Lack of motivation due to sleep deprivation also caused a lack of performance. Thus as a whole it can be said that shift-work is not a good option to choose as a career as it may interfere not only with body functionalities but also with the career advancement itself (“Shift workers…”, 2007).
Physiology is the science of life and the study of how living things work. It is the basis of the biomedical sciences, and is characteristically analytical, experimental, investigative and quantitative (Merrill, 2008). In the twenty-first century, the challenge for the physiologist is to study the mechanisms of life integratively, from the molecular to the organ system levels.
2) What ethnic group did they belong to and 3) If either of their parents had been treated by a cardiologist, yes or no. From the 3,000 students, 300 students were then allocated to groups to investigate whether or not family history was associated with increased blood pressure as a response to stress as well as whether public speaking was identified as more stressful than a math test.
This research paper examined the various contributing factors such as love, intimacy, level of closeness and understanding that were responsible for not only making us happy but also for helping people to enjoy intimate relationships. The depth of relationships correlates directly and impacts upon an individual’s happiness.
Many families around the world, no matter how strong and viable, always have certain problems and weaknesses. These weaknesses differ from families as no two families are the same and also such problems reflect from the cultural and social background in which they live in. There are many several therapies to help the family resolve their problems.
Psychological changes observed in children can be understood from the observations of changes that take place with age and progress of the child. (Bornstein and Lamb, 1984) The stages of growth theory suggested by Erickson are helpful in this regard. Erickson’s psychosocial analysis of development has been used while categorizing the stages.
Engaging in activities that truly interest him and making him feel that I am interested in him and in the activity would make a huge difference in how Max would interact with me in future sessions. Offering to read him an interesting story, with a plot that he can relate to, and discussing it in relation to his experiences will hook him in active participation.
The fact that criminal behavior is related to the person’s upbringing could be true to a certain extent as many criminals were once juveniles too. This proves that if juvenile delinquency is not addressed in the right manner it could lead to further problems. Juvenile rehabilitation does not mean they are put behind bars.
Freud’s description of the “self” was done so by the model he set forth of the ego, the alter ego and the id. Freud believed that each individual was composed of these three factions but only when an individual’s ego was managing one’s id, was one a healthy example of “self”. Freud felt that the “self” was composed of a myriad of ingredients that accounted for the person as a whole.
People who put fear in other people try to convince them that harm would come to them or to the ones they are concerned about if they do not change their attitudes or behavior. Sometimes people also have the fear of the unknown that is they do not know what going to happen in the future and they start to fear it.