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Universally, there exists no generally accepted definition of the concept, except for the generalization of the difficulties experienced when handling certain aspects. From a psychological perspective, I seek to encompass and elaborate on the meaning of the concept.
The study used a quasi-experimental, randomized two groups design; with one independent variable – the class attended by the student and one dependant variable – scores on the questionnaire on misconceptions about Psychology. The said questionnaire was adapted from the work of Best and consisted of 36 dichotomous items. The t-test value calculated showed a significant difference in the expected direction, validating the research hypothesis.
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The results also showed that the interference that was seen in the participants due to the colour stimuli was subject to change based on the age and gender of the participant who took part in the test. This had already been established by the time Stroop did his test since it was found that training has a profound impact on interference.
In these regards, psychological research has advanced a number of varying concepts of learning. This essay considers the nature of learning and performance, and investigates major psychological understandings of learning. One of the important distinctions that have been made in the psychological investigation of learning is the dichotomy between learning and performance.
He contended that if theoretical consistency is maintained while keeping it technically eclectic, counselors can precisely define the kind of interventions and procedures that are to be used with varied clients (Lazarus, 1989). While counseling children and parents, different techniques can be used by referring to varied theories so that major concepts and principles from different theoretical orientations can be employed.
It, therefore, is the responsibility of the therapist to ultimately choose the most effective approach to be used in an individual depending on the nature of the issue and the individual. He/she should also realize that integrating his/her expertise with the mutual responsibility of the client would work best.
As I look back and picture the various stages of my childhood, I can clearly see how the experiences of my childhood shaped my adult life. I was born and raised in the United States island territory of Guam and my childhood was far from being typical as it involved being raised by a single parent, living in poverty, and wanting to be away from home.
Nietzche’s Genealogy of Morals is one of the most sustained critiques on morality ever written. Nietzsche puts forth such originality in the expression of ideas that leaves readers grappling for a basis on which to evaluate him. For a long time, Nietzsche was considered by many scholars as a Nazi forbear, with some even terming his work sophomoric ranting.
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The predictions as of the outcome of the research are subliminal and supraliminal evaluative conditioning will reduce prejudice. And the subliminal evaluative conditioning is more efficient. The idea is to part all the participants into two groups A and B, in each of the group's A and B, divide them into one control group and one study group, during the experiment, display the test materials in different frequencies.
Many organizations have always opted for a methodology upon which they are able to measure the personality of a person who intends to be recruited to work for that particular organization. This has been looked at in many dimensions, with two schools of thought emerging to contribute to the same debate.
Keeping a journal or charting progress is a way to move the emphasis from a single incidence of behavior to an overall pattern. It is easier to sustain self-construal as a success if you see evidence in writing. Memory is far more biased when a person feels discouraged. Charts and journals are also a good way to teach children both task and emotional self-regulation.
Overall social psychology is an empirical science that tries to answer various questions about human behavior through hypotheses testing in both the field and the laboratory. Meticulous attention to sampling, research design, and statistical analysis is important in order to make valid conclusions about experimentation in social psychology.
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Any action that influences the presentation or performance of an entity is designated as behaviour. Conduct involves diverse cognitive operations, vital in shaping the personality of the individual. Psychology encompasses a thorough perception of psychological and conducts processes, it provides insight and consideration towards the brain functioning.
Women’s roles are traditionally restricted to the kitchen; they cook, clean, look after children; the society also expects them to be passive and dependent upon men in a number of ways. The man is portrayed as aggressive, provider for the family and the sole decision maker on matters of the family; however, in some cultures in the third world, men relax leaving women to do everything from building a house to tilling the garden to get family food.
The term stress defies any set definition as it is a very generic term. It is very subjective in nature. Originally it had been described by Hans Selye as the non-specific response of the body to change. The term came to be associated with unpleasantness and so a new word, namely, stressor was introduced to distinguish stimulus from a response.
Pharmacotherapy is also available for these patients but Aaron T, Beck says “I think that in the 21st century, psychotherapy will flourish. I don’t think that pharmacotherapy is going to take over the field completely. CBTs have been used for several problems and disorders like all forms of depressions, bipolar disorder, bulimia nervosa, etc.
A stereotype is a “belief about the personal attributes of a group of people” (Myers, 2008, p.302). People use stereotyping to accelerate thought processes in their everyday lives. They attribute a set of characteristics to individuals they do not even know, based on generalizations that have no basis or may only have a partial basis.
Dysthymic Disorder is a chronic condition where a person remains in low moods for months or years and rarely feels happy. This is regardless of the work condition or relationship with other people and therefore, this is taken as part of their personality. A person can have both Major Depressive Disorder and Dysthymic Disorder, a condition referred to as Double Depression.
According to the authors, marijuana continues to be one of the most used illegal substances in the world, with usage common amongst a variety of national and demographic groups (Smith et al, 2010, pg 429). It is known that marijuana uses receptors found in the frontal cortex and hippocampus, areas of the brain which, amongst other duties, help regulate memory and coordinate visuospatial functioning.
Sports psychology mainly encompasses the psychological foundations, processes and results of monitoring psychological tendency of sportspersons comprising behaviors related to emotional and motivational well being of individuals. Even though, psychological training remains as an integral part of an athlete’s holistic training process amongst other training elements, the coaches face challenges in determining strategies of understanding stress, self-efficacy, information-motivational-behavioral, psycho dynamic and developmental approaches of the sportspersons.
This paper discusses three perspectives: Psychoanalytic, Learning, and Ecological Systems. They are different in their perceptions regarding the critical themes of nature/nurture, continuous/discontinuous, and active/passive development, due to their differences on the views of human nature and their interactions with their environment.
“The research on the relationship between father absence and the general level of the child's adjustment reveals that the loss of a father for any reason is associated with poor adjustment, but that absence because of separation, divorce, or desertion may have especially adverse effects” (Lynn cited in Demo and Acock, 1988).
The term refers to a group of psychological brain disorders including uncontrollable body movements, unusual posture, loss of control over urination, and stool excretion. The symptoms of the disease appear within the early years of life, which makes care and attendance of children suffering from it very difficult for parents.
Sexual behavior in Adolescent is actually influenced by some complex set of connections among biology and genetics, personality characteristics, individual perceptions, as well as socio-cultural values and norms. This paper will also include some accurate sources of information which are perceived as accurate by teens.
These topics are not only interesting and related but are also relevant in many fields such as education and society itself. They also invite arguments and fresher perspective on how to see and approach things differently. As a teaser of the video “What My Guitar Taught Me About Improving Education”, can you imagine a professor, yes a university professor, singing on stage Pink Floyd’s song entitled Wall?
Eclectic Therapeutic Intervention.A Critical Analysis and Eclectic Therapeutic Intervention of a Case Study Psychopathology basically deals with the medical sciences especially in the area of mental stress, mental disorder or retarded behavior. The terminology is largely used among the psychiatrists and psychologists where it defines the overall process related to diagnoses and treatment of mental disorders.
Student’s name: Professor’s name: Module title: Module ID: Submission date: Stereotyping, Prejudice and Discrimination The term stereotyping simply refers to the established image of an individual, group, community, nation or a thing the large majority of the members of society have developed in mind, and take that specific person, community or thing within the frame of that concept they have established the image of them.
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This research will study how such knowledge can be utilised in order to improve organisations performance by developing effective rewards systems. The findings of this study can be utilised by various stakeholders in applying necessary knowledge to improve employees’ wellness.
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The results of the statistical analyses verified the hypothesis that people take longer to name the colors in the incongruent color-word units as compared to the time taken to name the colors in the congruent color-word units. Simply put, the presence of interfering data can hinder the speed of naming ink color.
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The concept evolved from the works of a Russian physiologist, Ivan Pavlov, who conditioned dogs to salivate to a certain stimulus. The procedures involve exposing an individual to two different stimuli at the same time. The stimuli are an unconditioned stimulus and conditioned stimulus. The former automatically causes an unconditioned response.
Human psychosexual development involves three components, which are; core gender identity, the sense of self as a male or female, and gender role behaviors. These three components are determined by biological factors such as genetics and hormonal environment or through socio-cognitive mechanisms, which include reinforcement and remodeling on gender-specific behavior.
According to the findings, the individual’s characteristics and behaviors are open systems that are in continuity and consistently changes with time. The main reason being the growth and development of a human being is a gradual process that changes with time and situations. Behaviors traits in childhood are mostly heredity and are influenced by the people’s behaviors around them.
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Bullying has, unfortunately, been a part of adolescent life for decades. Some may call it a rite of passage, but the reality is that it is an often ugly part of school and community life that can lead to lasting emotional and physical trauma. In extreme cases, it also results in suicide, particularly among vulnerable adolescents, so the seriousness of the problem is clear.
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Psychological Evaluation of the Characters: Movie, “What about Bob?”.
This paper talks about the case evaluation of two individuals, portrayed in the movie “What about Bob?” The story develops through the relationship between a psychiatrist, Dr. Leo Marvin and his patient, Mr.
In today’s world, mental health professionals use it in order to evaluate and diagnose mental illness. It is also used in the legal department for instance in custody disputes and criminal defenses. When it comes to determining how effective treatment programs are, the MMPI is also used.
The main characteristic of insomnia, being the lack of sleep by an individual or unwillingly staying awake over long periods, evidently shows a disturbed individual or one suffering from, other related disorders. Although insomnia is a common disorder among elderly people, there is no specific age where an individual can develop this disorder.
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As individuals go through the course of life, right from infancy all the way through late adulthood, distinctive stages of development must take place. Successful close of every stage will generate a constructive significance of individual and elevated feelings of self-esteem. In case of interruptions in one of these stages, an unsettled crisis may come up.
When I am totally lost and could not entrust my deepest secrets to family members or friend, I actually turn to a spiritual adviser to seek guidance and direction. After being accorded the chance to be illumined, the uplifting feeling and evident relief become a source of happiness and peace. I, therefore, affirm that when I am at peace, I am happy.
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Most of the details concerning the debate on this issue are often so complex that they are at times confusing to the public. Some studies have shown that ordinary or less stressful memories can be quite easily distorted by the individuals involved. The effect of trauma on memories has been a subject of plenty of debate within the different schools.
The actual number of children who are sexually abused still remains an estimate and the agencies that keep current numbers on child sexual abuse reports did not necessarily keep statistics when most of the women today were children (Duncan, 2004, p. 67). Research indicates that between 15 percent and 45 percent of children were abused during this period.
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A one-way ANOVA did not show a significant effect of the independent variable. This finding may not reflect the true nature of this association. The lack of a significant effect may be due to moderating or otherwise confounding variables that were not accounted for in this study’s design.
In any case, the concept of ethics and ethical conduct comes under much light in this case. As appears, several instances demonstrate the very fact that ethical conduct has been ignored while other situations depict ethical conduct. More still, we evidence situations of an ethical dilemma with characters battling with their conscience.
This paper examines the issues of elder hood, the grief that the old people go through when they attain their prime age. It expounds on the various diseases that affect the elderly people and the problems they encounter when they have reached this age. The above are natural and biological phenomenon’s that are beyond man’s control. Old age is a stage in life where the people in them need to adopt certain new skills, newer mind sets along with socialization customs.
The paper aims in finding out a relation of the stress related to work and in what ways they are associated with qualification level, interactions among the people and gender differences. Work related stress and its outcome are one of the major challenging areas of intervention in the complex world of business today. The prime reason for development of the stress related to work is explained with various theories and their intuitive explanation.
The definition that is accepted by many disciplines of Anthropology is one proposed by British Anthropologist Edward Tylor according to whom, “complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society”
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The division between the sensible reaction and the cognitive one is pronounced in this duality articulated by Diener. And, this division is one of the themes that pervade the work. For instance, although most of the majority of individuals believe through their emotions that having children ought to be a means toward our common end.
A function preceding the candidate recruitment helps create a pool of prospective employees for the organization to assist the management in selecting the right candidate for the right job from this pool. Edwin B. Flippo describes recruitment as the process of searching the candidates for employment and stimulating them to apply for jobs in the organization.
Different psychologists have different views regarding personality; some believe that unconscious forces in personality influence behavior, some believe that behavior is influenced by inborn or learned traits, while others believe in cognitive and environmental factors. The paper will discuss some of the personality theories.
This occurs after an infection with Human Immunodeficiency Virus, HIV. Between the male and female gender, the female gender is most affected by the scourge. This is because the group is quite vulnerable in society and is prone to many negative issues such as abuse from the public, social stigma, inadequate medical attention, and poor dieting.
How would you explain the placebo effect and the role of endorphins to patients who wish to try unproven treatment methods that they might see on TV, or find on the internet?A placebo is a substance or additional type of treatment that appears just like a normal treatment or medicine, but it is not.