The Analysis of the Language Disorder - Assignment Example

? Cognitive Psychology Cognitive Psychology Search the Internet for different language disorders. Share some information about the disorder and what can be done to help. Using a case study as an example is always helpful and interesting. Be sure to cite where you got your information from. A case study focusing on the incidence as well as prevalence of speech, voice and language disorders among adults in the US revealed that many Americans suffer from language disorders. These disorders have a negative impact on employment, education as well as the well-being of the American citizens. About 1% of the American population stutters. Moreover, approximately one million Americans suffer from aphasia, which often occurs due to stroke. In addition, around 80 000 Americans acquire the disease every year (Ammons, 2009). Language disorders occur among adults who failed to develop normal language disorders due to childhood autism and hearing impairments as well as other acquired and development disorders of the brain. Language disorder refers to a situation when an individual experiences trouble in understanding others, that is receptive language, or sharing of ideas, feelings, and thoughts completely that is, expressive disorder. It occurs in both children and adults due to stroke or may lack unknown cause. Aphasia is one of the language disorders that arise when there is damage to parts of the human brain consisting of language. The condition results in problems with one or all of the conditions such as listening, speaking, reading, and writing (Ammons, 2009). Among right handlers, aphasia occurs due to damage to the left side of their brain. However, to the left handlers, the situation is halved. Moreover, additional problems occur to persons whose right side of the brain is damaged. Additional problems such as apraxia, swallowing problems as well as dysarthria may accompany Aphasia. Signs and symptoms of the disorder include experiencing trouble in use of sentences and words, having difficulties in understanding other people as well as struggling in using and understanding words. The disorder enhances problems with both written and spoken language and may be severe or mild. The severity of the condition depends on the extent of damage to the brain. Individuals with the disorder do participate in conversations in several settings, may sometimes have difficulties in understanding language in case it is complex or long, and may also lack the capacity to find words to express self (Ardila, 2007). Speech language pathologist (SLP) diagnoses aphasia with assistance from the patient’s family members and professionals like doctors, neuropsychologists, physical therapists, nurses among others. These people address the needs of the patient. The SLP examines the patient and thereafter determines the type as well as severity of the condition through the patient’s speech, understanding, expression, social communication as well as reading and writing. Aphasia is treated through use of special programs in computers or use of published materials. Moreover, formal approaches are employed in the treatment of the condition. However, both formal and informal approaches such as life participation approach are integrated in the treatment of the disease. 2a. We often have difficulty in how we interpret our conversations with people. Can you think of a time when your belief system or your beliefs about a person led to you misinterpreting a message in a conversation? Give an example. Interpretation of different messages always pose a major challenge to many people. There was an instance that it occurred to me. It found that I had a lot of financial issues that I had to settle before I could be allowed a pass entry into one of the biggest restaurants in the city. The waiter showed me the rightful person whom I could present my case before accessing the services of the restaurant. The problem arose from the fact that the waiter used a language that I could not understand. However, I misinterpreted the message and went direct into the restaurant and started ordering for the dishes. When asked of the gate pass, I could not make the best sentences to talk myself out of the problem. That is when I came to senses of what the waiter meant earlier. b. Can you think of conversations that you have had where the speaker is egocentric and you have a hard time trying to figure out what the person wanted? Give an example. Such a conversation took place once in a certain encounter with one of my best childhood friends. By that time, he was a political analyst and he had strong reverence to a certain political party. He could talk to me in such a commanding tone that I could not figure out what was really wrong with him. c. Have you ever had a conversation where a person broke the rules of conversation? Give an example. It is true that communication has its own rules. For an effective communication to be realized, such rules of communication must be strictly adhered to. One of such demands that one needs to listen and talk when time or opportunity presents itself. However, in one encounter, I engaged in unfruitful conversation with a certain friend who could not hold patience to listen to whatever was coming from me. He could talk and interrupt me whenever I was making my contributions to the conversation. This act was too disgusting and disheartening to me, owing to the fact that I felt as if the person undermined me. It was as though the person considered himself more important in the conversation, so had to be the one to be listened to. d. Can you think of any conversation that you had recently where someone drew an authorized or unauthorized implication? How can these errors be explained by theory? Several people always derive a variety of implications from conversations. There was one instance that a friend of mine had negative perceptions regarding the topic that we were discussing. This made him come up with unauthorized implications relevant to the messages that we put across from that conversation. This was quite unpleasing and illogical. These errors can be described by theory as irrational, illogical and based on biased assumptions. 3. Watch the video below on problem solving and decision making tools. Which tools do you find to be the most helpful? How can you use the tools to solve problems in your everyday life? Give an example. Human beings always face several problems. These problems emanate from different sources in the lives of human beings. It is noteworthy to point that problem solving is a crucial factor in dealing with the problems and their possible effects in the lives of human beings. Continued accumulation of problems in the lives of human beings result to a series of stresses (Ardila, 2007). Stresses pose major challenges to people in different ways. Stresses can result to different diseases, depression and memory lapses. As such, such conditions can possibly lead to failures in the developmental plans, as well as, other plans that a person may have in life. For this reason, it is prudent enough that an individual identifies the possible ways, strategies and effective tools for solving such problems, owing to their side effects. Problem solving entails finding ways of solving as problem or a challenge in life. There are several tools used for solving of problems. The tools include brainstorming, breaking the problem into various parts, inquiring from a colleague, asking questions such as what, who, and how about certain things or issues (Attia, 2012). I find these tools most helpful since they give me an opportunity to solve problems that I encounter in life. For instance, the ideal tool will assist me identify the problems as well as opportunities that present in my life. Moreover, the ideal tool will assist me in defining alternative goals as well as explore the possible strategies that may facilitate the process of solving the problem. Consequently, I will anticipate and act on the ideas and issues that will enhance the probability of solving the problem. The ideal tool will also look and learn on the prevailing circumstances (Murdoch, 2008). In life, it is always prudent enough to utilize the best, easy to use methods to solve any form of problem. The ease of use, as well as, effectiveness of a tool brings forth the intended result with relative ease. It is notable to mention that the ideal tool is the most appropriate for achieving the above. This follows that the ideal tool for problem solving is flexible, thus, can be used to solve a variety of problems. In addition, the ideal tool emerges as the best tool to use for solving problems since it is cheap and relatively easy to use (Attia, 2012). Therefore, its applicability does not require a lot of expertise and skills as compared to other tools. This justifies the reason behind choosing the ideal tool over other tools in order to solve the problems. Moreover, it is significant to note that the best tool for eliminating any form of problem ought to have some elements of ease in memory. Ideal tool is very easy to memorize (Murdoch, 2008). As such, it forms one of the best tools to use in eliminating any form of problem. The act of solving a problem is a long process that has to be followed stepwise. It needs a thorough determination, knowledge on the field, as well as, dedication. He act of problem solving involves identification of the problem first. This might also involve the identification of the opportunities that may result from elimination of such problems. These problems, as well as, opportunities need to be listed and form the requisite points of reference whenever such is necessary (Snowling & Hulme, 2007). Part of the solution should involve the questions seeking to discover the origin of such problems, what might have predisposed them, as well as, the possible negative effects that might have arose following such problems. Problem identification is the followed by setting of goals and objectives. Such goals and objectives should be measureable, specific and achievable (Youtube.com, 2013). In addition, such objectives need to be realistic and time bound. This should be followed by coming up with the best strategies to accommodate these issues in a manner that is in harmony with the environment, ecosystem, as well as, the people’s perceptions and interests. Alternative options should also be explored and put in place for the anticipation of the outcome following application of any strategy to combat the problems. In cases where the problems may persist, other measures for elimination of such should be exploited. Such can be attained through seeking for knowledge form other parties through brainstorming, talking to others, as well as, transferring an already existing strategy that had been successfully used in solving another similar problem (Murdoch, 2008). References Ammons, D. N. (2009). Tools for decision making: A practical guide for local government. Washington, D.C: CQ Press. Ardila, A. (2007). Speech and language disorders in bilinguals. New York: Nova Science Publ. Attia, S. (2012). A tool for design decision making: Zero energy residential buildings in hot humid climates. Louvain-La-Neuve: Presses Universitaires. Murdoch, B. E. (2008). Acquired speech and language disorders. Hoboken, N.J: Wiley. Snowling, M. J., & Hulme, C. (2007). Developmental cognitive disorders. Oxford: Blackwell. www.youtube.com/v/t2ZlEk5oHzo&hl=en_US&fs=1 retrieved on 17-February 2013. Read More