Psychology Essays

Mrs. Arling’s classroom techniques focus on teaching the kids options and decisions although sometimes this creates conflict since they want to do things their own way. Some children have the ability to compromise although it needs persuasion from their teacher.

The RCI is a self-reported questionnaire created by Berscheid and colleagues that attempts to measure the closeness of a relationship based on three factors: the amount of time the members of the relationship spend together, the variety of activities they engage in together, and the influence the members have on each other.

As a counselor, one wields both, personal and authority types of power over the client. On the other hand, the client has only personal power in most situations. Although the position of being the client is not lacking in power per-se; often the client is very vulnerable and needs the support and guidance of the counselor.

The research was lent into my childhood and 20 people, who knew me closely, were interviewed and asked different questions regarding myself. Each individual was asked questions as per the relation that I share with him/her. Most answers received were typical because as per human psychology, every human being would answer in a more or less similar way.

The cause and effect situation that I thought about was once when a friend of mine had a teenage daughter who was exposed to pornography by her friend’s brother. This brother had enticed several young girls in the neighborhood by telling them he had something that was fun for them to look at but they could not tell anyone about it.

Stress is defined based on how the human body reacts to stimulus. These stimuli are better known as stressors. Stressors could be both real and imagined. Moreover, stressors can be acute and chronic and display their effects on the human body, respectively. The general adaptation syndrome model breaks down stress into three distinct phases.

For the purposes of this project, the paper describes the assessment, therapy, intervention plan, and any additional special considerations for the Quest family. The case study of the Quest family is adopted from the textbook, Introduction to Marriage, Couple and Family Counseling. The case was amended to include instances of domestic violence.

Erikson was a psychologist, who was majorly known for his development of the social theory of human development, a theory that is divided into eight stages of human development. The eight stages span the human lifetime, and within each stage are two factors; the conflicts that the individual must deal with in life, and the consequences of not negotiating these conflicts (Lerner, 2002).

What does this quote tell us about Watson's approach to the study of psychology? “Give me a dozen healthy infants, well-formed, and my own specified world to bring them up in and I’ll guarantee to take any one at random and train him to become any type of specialist I might select-doctor, lawyer, artist, merchant-chief and, yes, even a beggar-man and thief, regardless of his talent, penchants, tendencies, abilities vocations and race of his ancestors"

This may be possible by imposing hefty fines and severe punishments on the people convicted of drug abuse involvement (Belgrave and Allison 220). Moreover, the government and other concerned parties should organize seminars and workshops across the US to educate the mass about the dangers involved in engaging in risky sexual behavior.

Cognition is a term that is used to refer to internal mental processes and is related to how people think, solve problems, learn to speak, and other related concepts. It is studied using the scientific method, meaning that it relies on gathering empirical data and rejects looking at cognitive processes from a subjective introspective manner.

Sigmund Freud is the founder of the psychoanalytic school of psychiatry. He is of Australian descent and his birthplace was located in the former Austria-Hungarian Empire. He was the first child born of Jacob and Amalia Freud and had two siblings. He is considered throughout the academic world as one of the most outstanding scholars of the 20th century.

Bluer (1936, as cited in Bemak & Epp, 2002) coined the term “schizophrenia” which denotes a “split mind.” The American Psychiatric Association (2000, as cited in Schwartz, Chopko, & Wu, 2010) considers Schizophrenia as one of the most economically, personally, and socially impairing mental disorders.

Many have slammed this last group of psychologists as adopting the ‘safe, appeasing path’. However, for me, it this last group whose arguments hold the most validity. To adhere to either camp will only ensure the unnecessary continuation of the debate when the answer, I believe, is obvious. Genetic effects are not beyond modification.

The interest in mental mechanisms puts emphasis on what takes place within a person. Thus, Perlman in his article places his discussion in the broader historical setting of a close relationship. The particular question that the author tries to answer is: “Why a social psychological model of understanding close relationships in our daily lives?”

Henri Tajfel's greatest contribution to psychology was social identity theory. Social identity is a person’s sense of who they are based on their group membership(s). Tajfel proposed that the group e.g. social class, family, football team, etc. which people belonged to were an important source of pride and self-esteem.

Nothing can be done about them except putting them on trial if they cause any serious threat. Waco’s case involved cults and posterity, leading to a disastrous end. The Branch Davidians had an apocalyptic world view and yet indulged in notorious acts. Koresh himself was known to have relationships with underage girls.

We have to give our “time, energy, and care” (Center for Young Women’s Health, 2006, para.1) to develop loving relationships which are based on shared conviction and truthfulness, accompanied with romantic love. This paper tends to discuss the importance of love, good communication, patience, trust, and loyalty in developing loving and fulfilling relationships.

The approximate mean age of these individuals falls at 30 for women’s magazines and 35 for men’s magazines. The role or job element in the sheets depicts most of the individuals depicted in these magazines as couples. In fact, 75% of the advert personalities appearing in both the magazine categories are depicted as couples or lovers.

According to Jordan and Hartlings Relational Cultural Theory is a hypothesis of growth development and counseling. It was developed from the philosophy perception that, traditional methods of counseling and development do not address comprehensively the relational experiences of the underrated members of the society.

Major Depression is not limited to any particular age group rather an individual can present with this psychological condition at any point in their life. Relapses or recurrences of this illness are also most likely. According to WHO, Major Depression is not only associated with increased risks for morbidity and mortality rates, it is also a major cause of suicide cases in adults.

The term “Hispanic” provides a common denominator of a diverse population with a connection to the Spanish language or culture from a Spanish-speaking country. At the same time, the word “Latino” can also be used (Clutter and Ruben Para 1). The Hispanics have their own culture despite having come from a wide range of backgrounds.

The research questions for the research article are: Are clinicians able to make their use of intuitions explicit? Are Clinicians able to point out whether relying on intuitions is sensible? Do practicing clinicians acknowledge the use of intuition in their work? How often do clinicians use the phenomenon of intuition? Do clinicians trust their use of intuition?

Counseling and Psychotherapy offer an individual the chance to be heard in an open-minded manner about the problems a person is experiencing. It offers a helpful and trustworthy connection where an individual has the space to discover his feelings and opinions and gain an understanding of his situation.

Discovering the Self Name Subject Teacher Date               Abstract Through my exposure to culture and experience, I have come to develop in me a strong will power to do the things I believe I had to do to achieve my goals in life. However, before I was able to realize this, I had pain and struggle against poverty and the way I experienced pain and struggle as well as how I turned them into success defines my existence.

Some people defined it as a behavior which a person develops when he or she reaches adolescent stage while others define it as the hormonal change in a maturing person. Scholars however, define human sexuality as the sexual attraction to the opposite sex on attaining maturity stage (Bolin & Whelehan, 2009). Other scholars still go ahead and provide that human sexuality not only encompasses attraction, but it also includes the sexual beliefs, knowledge, perception, values and behaviors of an individual (Greenberg, Bruess, Conklin, 2010).

Leahy (2010) who confesses to being a worrier, made many interesting points. He suggests that cats do not think about what they do because they are very confident about who they are and their needs. This article was not only entertaining, but it did have many things to think about and explore in one’s self. 

Consciousness is a term usually defined in terms of brain functioning. However, modern theories suggest that brain is not the only factor which controls consciousness. “We are largely unaware of the traffic of 'thoughts' within our heads including those that guide most of our living actions such as breathing, seeing, hearing, touching and even tasting”.

When children are maltreated by peers, school staff, and other people in school surroundings, the assessment of their condition may be complicated by the fact that they try to conceal some events and/or symptoms from their teachers and parents. The study is focused on the application of the previous model of assessment of PTSD in children and adolescents in the school surroundings.

The present article comprised 36 researches conducted between 2002 and 2007 (Brunner & Seung, 2009). The best accessible proof is given for seven treatment sub groups: augmentative alternative communication, applied behavior analysis, naturalistic behavioral, social skills, developmental classroom based, and video modeling.

This paper explores Sigmund Freud’s study of cocaine and how it benefits its users. The main aim of the paper is to analyze the view of Freud through the different works he presented.  According to Nuland (2011), Freud has given his life for the study of cocaine. However, his studies when applied to others had resulted in disastrous effects which unfortunately stained his good name.

Social recognition is a branch of social psychology that is critical in defining an individual’s attitude, behaviour and perception on various issues that focus on human development. It studies and defines the process under which individuals go through when processing information of a social nature. The encoding process, retrieval and is vital for growth.

The aim of this punishment was to shape his behaviors at an early age. According to Freud, failure a fixation at stage will lead to antisocial behaviors such as orderliness, stinginess, and stubbornness. I realized that the boys’ libido was anally centered, and that frustration arose sometime as a response to the intricate cognitive and motor reaction (Geyskens, 2005).

Further, the use of delay, an integral part of the PECS protocol, also contributes to promoting speech. Significantly, the emergent speech produced by the children in this study by Charlop-Christy et al. occurred “with novel persons, in two non-training settings, and with stimuli not directly included in the training settings”.

From the brain, neurons are connected to the rest of the body through the spinal cord. The spinal cord contains the largest composition of neurons that convey commands from the brain to the rest of the body. After commands have been formulated in the brain, the cells in the neurons convey the message from the command system to the bottom of the brain.

The behavior of group members affects the development of the organization, positive attitudes would reflect positive effects on the success graph of the organization and vice versa. To conclude, group dynamics is an important development in the study of Psychology, it explains how and why human behavior changes in different situations.

One of the greatest achievements of human evolution is the ability to represent, conceptualise and reason on mental states. The working of the mind is taken as a qualification for natural language acquisition, social interaction, moral development and knee-jerk thought. Theory of mind is the capability to reason about mental states.  

According to the epigenetic video from PBS, epigenetics is illustrated by the use of DNA gotten from identical twins, which are genetically identical. These tags can also be other substances apart from methyl groups like proteins which attach to genes inhibiting their expression by either tightening or loosening them.

Ethical standards are meant to give in detail the level of competence and professionalism that is required in a given field. The guidelines for forensic psychology are put in place to ensure highest standards of conduct for professional forensic practitioners

  Therefore, loss of cognition may affect management skills of the individual in everyday tasks, participate in the process of rehabilitation, and live independently after suffering from the stroke. 

Addressing Ethical Implications. According to Fatemi and Clayton (2008), “Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder” is a complex neurodevelopment syndrome characterized by developmentally inappropriate deregulation of attention, impulse control and hyperactivity that are discrepant to the developmental status and cognitive competence of an individual.

Krista L. Hyde and Isabelle Peretz’s article “Brains That Are out of Tune but in Time” delves into the potential causes of amusia, which is also known as tone-deafness. The article opens with the authors declaring that a human’s ability to be musical is inherent, meaning that people are born musical.

When a person encountered a trauma, psychologists provide support of finding a constructive way of managing the consequences. Emotional and psychological trauma comes as a result of an unexpected bad event that shutters an individual security sense, and it will make an individual feel hopeless and susceptible to different attacks in the world.

This is to the effect that people who are in collectivistic cultures are more responsive to social influence and conformity than those who are in individualistic cultures. There are differences and similarities between Mexicans and Americans in terms of cultural conformity, social perception and cognition and the resolution of conflict between themselves.

Couple or family therapy sessions differ greatly from individual therapy sessions, mainly because of the former involving at least two individuals that seek counseling or therapy with regards to their interpersonal relationships, and the latter only focusing on an individual’s intrapersonal well-being (Dziegielewski, 2010).

In the provided scenario, two groups that share educational deficiencies are examined in the research. This is in order to determine their level of education, as well as the rate of school drop-outs. However, in this scenario, only the qualitative approach is proposed for use, and not the quantitative approach.

The author states that the increasing workload along with mounting responsibility of her two children regarding their education and daily expenses, have led her to face traumatic condition. She had reported that her peers have asked her to obtain treatment as she works for a long time and often behaves roughly with the other people.

Firstly, with regards to whether or not the situation is indicative of sexual abuse, this cannot be determined until such a time as the individual towards whom the potential abuse was directed is observed, interviewed, or analyzed based upon prior levels of potential bully-like behavior that might have taken place within the school system.

In some cultures, mental health issues are more stigmatized than in other cultures. In other cultures, there is a fear of seeking professional help. Other cultures rely more on clergy and friends than on mental health professionals. These factors might explain Hispanic suicide rates, but other factors are important to Hispanic communities as well.

In this paper as indicated in the title, the researcher will highlight the changes he has observed in himself from the early stages of childhood to the current stage of his life. However, in this paper, the author will not be handling all the types of changes he has undergone but he will major his example of changes on the socio-emotional developments that have occurred in his life.