Monozygotic-Twin Differences - Essay Example

? Monozygotic-Twin Differences al Affiliation: Write a succinct and thorough paragraph in the space below either justifying or challenging the use of your selected article’s research methods used to examine its research question. Julia and his colleagues in their article, used various methods to acquiring information about using monozygotic-twin differences in identifying environmental effects on behavioral development in children’s’ anti-social behavior. There are two main methods that were used during research undertaking. These methods are: the environmental risk study sample and maternal expressed emotion. Looking at the first methodology of research which is the environmental risk study sample, there are many things that were experienced when carrying out the research. Participants in this case, are associates of the Environmental Risk and this study aims at investigating how environmental and genetic factors shape up the development of children. Using this methodology, the researchers only concentrated on pairs of same sex twins. The study sought sample of 1,100 families to give room for attrition in future for similar studies while holding on to the statistical power acquired (Kim-Cohen and Caspi, 2004). The other method that was used in research was the maternal expressed emotion. In this case, the measurement is distinguished using four main features. These features are: personal specific articulated emotions, emotions observed in the way adults talk about a young one, uses both vocal and verbal elements in rating the emotions and focuses on sentiments about the kid as an individual. These two methods have limitations because looking at the sample which was used; it was only pairs of same sex twins. This means that the results obtained do not apply to all sets of twins. It therefore gives a clear impression that the researchers only acquired information under one area of study. They were not able to acquire effective enough information as they only concentrated on one set of twins. Write a succinct and thorough paragraph in the space below describing a research method other than the one noted in your selected article that the article author(s) could have used to conduct the same study and explain why it would be suitable as an alternative method. Content analysis is a method that would have been effective if it were used by these researchers. This alternative method if used would have given the same results or even more information than what has been obtained. This is a research methodology in social science that is used to acquire information on communication. It is a research methodology that as well fits this type of research because communication is entailed in the field of social sciences. This research method would have helped to cover a wider area as it involves answering questions in regards to many aspects of the issues in question which means more information can be obtained. Many questions cab ne asked using this technique meaning the answers received are also many. This means that if a wide area is covered, the information gathered is enough to be used by mentors and other individuals who deal with guidance in order to have effective services offered to other individuals. This research methodology answers the questions why, to what extent, to whom, with what effect and who says that. This gives a clear impression that it is a research methodology tha covers a wide r area and at the end of it findings are more compared to other shallow methodologies. This research methodology also gives room for measuring anything as it does not limit the type of variable to be measured (Vaughn, 1989). This gives a clear impression that the researchers would have researched on behavioral nature of opposite sex as well. This is another feature explaining why this is the best alternative to carry out such research. In the space below, write a succinct and thorough paragraph (250 words minimum) describing three concepts, theories or principles from the course textbook that can be related the focus of your selected article. Social behavior is one concept which can be derived from this research. It is an undertaking that provides more information on how social character can be raised in a kid to make the child a better person in the society by associating with others in the right manner. It provides important information on how kids can be brought up to be respectable, by dealing with their possessive weird characters to make them better individuals who can make positive changes and be appreciated by other individuals at large. Another concept is on how to control emotions that have impact on the behavior of an individual. In this case, this research was meant to provide information on how parents and other adult individuals can act when they are with the kids to have positive influence on the behavior in the child. This is meant to bring up individuals who are considered important in the society in terms of how they relate other people and how they help in making positive changes to the economy of their respective areas. The other aspect is on indirect mentorship. This research was meant to provide information to various parents on how to help their kids grow up having acceptable behavior. In this case, these parents have been mentored but indirectly as they are not able to physically meet the individuals who provided the information. With knowledge acquired from reading this report, most of them are able to apply the strategies mentioned in order to control their kids’ behavior. In the space below, write a succinct and thorough paragraph (250 words minimum) describing at least 3 different ways that the research conducted by your selected article’s author(s) can impact the “real world”. The research conducted on effects on maternal emotions on behavior of twin kids can be applied in many aspects of life. Initially, findings from such a research help parents to know more about raising twin kids in order to make the best out of them. Parents always want the best out of their kids and that is why they work had to make certain that their kids have respectable behavior in the society. Such information is therefore important as it acts guide for parents. Another department where such information is necessary is school. School is known to be the second home of a kid as he or she spends more time with the teachers than with parents at home. To handle twin kids, it is necessary for teaches to have knowledge on the effects of such emotions in order to help change bad morals in kids. It is possible to change bad morals in kids because they always heed to instructions meaning when they are young even if they are negatively affected, they can change for the better. Organizations that deal with mentorship can also apply this information. Mentorship involves guiding someone through different issues and this may be one area of specialisation for some mentors. It is therefore clear that mothers especially those who have not gone through he education process have to be guided on how to handle maternal matters. In this case, mentors are helpful as they are the individuals who are known to take up this responsibility and help the mothers know more about raising their kids. Mothers with twin kids require such mentorship so that they can be able to bring up their kids in the right manner to avoid certain behaviors that are not wanted in the society. This is mainly because there are mothers who find it hard to bring up twin kids as kids are known to be difficult to deal with especially when young. In the space below, write a succinct and thorough paragraph (250 words minimum) explaining one aspect of your selected article’s focus that the researchers did not mention that you would like to know more about. The researchers only touched on maternal emotions and how it affects development of children. In this case they only majored on pair of same sex twins. In the current society, there are opposite-sex twins who are born to many families and if parents do not have information on such developments then it is hard to bring up such kids understanding their character. This is the reason why information on both types of twins should be aired out (Rowe and Plomin, 1981). This research only covers a specific field of the identical twins yet there is the case of fraternal twins. In the contemporary society it is known that behavior of twins is highly affected by genetics. This is the reason why information on both pair of twins should be published. The main purpose of sharing this kind of information is to shape people on how to handle issues when they have twins around or when they are about to be born. The researchers have also concentrated on maternal emotions that affect kids in regards to kids who are seven years of age already. It is clear that the behavior of the kids is affected by how things are around them beginning from when they are not yet born. This is because the surroundings of the mother and the attitude of the mother contributes to how the kids who will be born will behave (Rhee and Waldman, 2002). This means that information on the surroundings including how the mother handles issues when she is pregnant should also be involved. This information is critical as it can help mothers understand more about how to bring up their twin kids to avoid unwanted behavior in the society. In the space below, write a succinct and thorough paragraph (250 words minimum) describing three aspects of summarizing and reviewing a published scholarly journal article that you now understand that you didn’t know about before starting the assignment. One aspect of summarizing a journal involves giving a review of the methodologies used. In this case, an individual is expected to give a summary of the methodologies that were used by researchers who wrote the journal in question. It is necessary that one is supposed to look at all the methodologies explaining how they were used during the research. With these research methods, the advantages and the disadvantages of them strategies have to be mentioned in order to provide information on these methodologies to guide other researchers on whether to use the methodologies or not. This helps future researchers to carry out effective research activities as they are aware of methodologies that are best for field activities. Another aspect that should be taken into consideration is the results of this research activity. Results obtained are important and it is necessary to give the summary so as to give a general view of how effective the methodologies were and provide information on how the acquired information can be used in the current society. Summary in this case is beneficial to individuals who prefer going through summary of research activities rather than reading through the whole report. This helps to provide information to various types of individuals making it beneficial to the society at large rather than considering a fraction of the population. The last aspect to be taken into consideration when summarizing a journal is to effectively show how the findings in the research are applicable in the contemporary society. This is to show the essence of the research and its importance to life in the current society. References Kim-Cohen, J., Caspi, A. (2004). Maternal Expressed Emotion Predicts Children’s Antisocial Behavior Problems: Using Monozygotic-Twin Differences to Identify Environmental Effects on Behavioral Development. Developmental Psychology. 40(2), 149-161. Rowe, D. C., & Plomin, R. (1981). The importance of nonshared (E1) environmental influences in behavioral development. Developmental Psychology, 17, 517–531. Rhee, S., & Waldman, I. D. (2002). Genetic and environmental influences on antisocial behavior: A meta-analysis of twin and adoption studies. Psychological Bulletin, 128, 490–529. Vaughn, C. E. (1989). Expressed emotion in family relationships. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 30, 13–22. Read More