Parental Effects on Development - Literature review Example

Parental Effects on Development ID Parental Effects on Development Considering the development of a child from conception to birth and upbringing, a child picks most of their behaviors from their parents and the people around them. These behaviors determine the social aspects of the child in relating with other children and the environment they grow in. a breakdown of the articles attached identifies the different aspects of development and the effects that parents have over it. Article One The research in the first article relates to the different maternal attitudes towards children and the effect developed in relation to the social development of the child. The study included the identification of monozygotic twins and a study of their reactions based on the level of emotional support they received from their parents. The twin that received the most maternal negativity proved less social and had many social challenges while the child that obtained more warmth from the mother had less antisocial behaviors. The study was conducted on the monozygotic twins as a way of studying the results from a more close and related angle to establish a stable relationship between the twins in the mother’s eyes. The developments identify the difficulties that mothers undergo during pregnancy and their impact on the emotional stability of the baby and child after growth. Through this study, emotional attitudes prove assessable hence making it easy to establish the emotional stability of individuals and help develop control measures. The purpose of the study was to establish the relationship between the maternal emotional content and that of the child that grows in them. the study aims at identifying the different emotional aspects through which a person picks from childhood and grows to determine their social behaviors. The article also aims at passing the knowledge and understanding of the different effects of behaviors in pregnant women. The study employed monozygotic twins to identify the differences in twins through aspects of environmental effects and the resulting behavioral development. The study helped identify the effects of maternal treatment on the children. The methods employed provided a basic ground for standard measurement of the results that included the analysis of the environmental risk sample that identifies the risks involved in the development of the study and the risks that the children face in their tender ages and their effects in the grown life. The study involved twins that lie between the age bracket of 5 and 7 giving a response on how the children react to different aspects and the implications of the reactions to the general aspects of child development (Caspi, Moffitt, Morgan, Rutter, Tylor, Arseneault & Polo-Tomas, 2004). The study employed measures that could help measure the maternal emotional content and the nature of it. Through this measurement, it was possible to keep adjusting the maternal emotional content to the level that identifies with many mothers hence creating an environment that produces viable results. Based on these, the following results were obtained. The findings of this study rotated around four aspects that include the following: maternal expressed emotional content and the reactions of the children in relation to their antisocial behavior that slowly turn into emotional disorders (Christine, Michele, Angela, Wayne & Barbara, 2006). Similarities and possible differences between the two twins in relation to the emotional treatment from the mothers to the behavioral problems, differences between the maternal treatment of the twins and their antisocial behavioral aspects. Presentation of data from a qualitative analysis to generate more data from the field to aid in the development of hypotheses that relate to the topic understudy. Longitudinal regression analysis employed to answer the first question on the maternal emotions and their effects on the children. The study established the expressed maternal emotions and the specific results that they have on the children. The environmental experiences of the child remain part of the study and conduct better investigations if the children remain controlled. Based on the study conducted and the evidence presented, the works of the research yield positive results that provide a reasonable position for the researchers. Article 2 In this study, investigations rotate around establishing the psychosocial aspects relating children of parents with mental illnesses and the effects they have on the social aspects of the child in development. The research was conducted on identifying the parental difficulties and the difficulties it has on the study was conducted through the interviewing of over 150 parents that have children that are 18 years to 30 covering a reasonable range of age for the development of valid results. The study conducted in these grounds and as per reports, the mothers of the young adults reported their children to have engagements either in school, at work or attending different training lessons. The study related to minors with a small number grown enough to have relationships. In those that had relationships, only 12 percent proved in a committed one with much of the relationships affected by the thoughts of the persons. Basing on these parameters, the research was conducted and social activities of the persons identified related to the way the children behave to see if the psychosocial nature of their life relied on the status of the parents mentally. Attending to children of parents with mental disorders was an indication from the study. Parents with mental challenges provide their children with limited emotional support that makes them vulnerable to mental challenges that reflect in their behavior and way of handling events. The purpose of the study edges on the identification of the psychosocial effects of parents with mental illnesses to eh social aspects of the children they raise. Consideration of the demographics and the medical history on relation to clinical investigations was part of the study that detailed the whole picture of the social challenges of the children especially young adults. The study was conducted on different methodologies that included the use of both qualitative and quantitative means of data relations. Depression, schizophrenia, anxiety disorders and affective disorders are among the many disorders considered to identify how these parents managed their parenting roles and the effects that their parenting had on the lives of the children they raised. For conclusion of the study, limitations were involved and these included the lack of attention to demographic factors that only covered the gender of the children investigated. Racial and ethnic differences in dealing with mental health of the children require family support of both parents for all the genders (Daphne, Vicki & Derek, 2011). These results raise questions on the credibility of the study, which may draw negative attention to the study. Following the procedures employed and the analysis plan for the study, different results obtained that include the following. The adult age during the research ranged 18 to 29 with an average of 22 years. The races of the children recorded similar to that of their mothers with many of the mothers accepting to know of the challenges that their adult children faced and only three quarters indicated satisfaction of the lives of these children. The frequency of contact between parents and children was on a regular basis that is daily with 20% of the children living with their mothers. The ones that had moved out lived in the same city with their parents making it easier to monitor them too and out of the total investigated, five lived in correctional facilities. 40% had children with most of their children aged between 0 to 3 years (Mowbray, Bybee, Oyserman, MacFarlane & Bowersox, 2006). The results also indicated that most of the adult children were working, followed by those in school and the least percentage was in training programs. From the study, specific problems identified in relation to growth and association of the children and mothers responded with many of the children mentioned to suffer psychological challenges based on the upbringing. Close to half of these problems related to depression with others suffering bipolar disorders, Attention Deficiency Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) also known as learning disabilities featured among the diseases. Police and other legal challenges, drug problems and alcohol problems all featured as part of the problems suffered by the adult children. Race, gender of eh children and their age differences were all vital components of the study with many race differences existent for children with psychological challenges more of the white children suffering compared to the black children. Adult children facing challenges in one area proved bound to face challenges in other areas due to the interrelationship of the outcome variables. Relating to this research, one concludes that studies into such fields of parenting reveal challenges in the parenting aspects and the effects that they have on developing children. Parenting is the foundation that each child obtains to help them live a healthy and fruitful life. There is need to ensure that the practice is well developed and any parents facing challenges in either psychological aspect to provide the care necessary to the child require much clinical aid in ensuring the child does not suffer the same problem. Conclusion In conclusion, the studies both conducted reflect on aspects of parenting and the best way to ensure that the children obtain the best background based on the maternal emotional connection that they obtain from childhood. The maternal connection of the children to their parents has an effect to how the children become mentally secure and hence their relationships with others on a sociological perspective. The children of parents that have major mental challenges develop with a number of social challenges too with many having problems that last longer than normal. Most of these problems become addictive in respect to the expected satisfaction derived. These include drug abuse, poor social relations with other children among many other challenges. These serve to inflict on the lives of these children and their general understanding of the effects that their upbringing has had on their lives. Developing this level of understanding would require psychological treatment to the children and their mothers to ensure the problem is not passed to another set of children. Through this, proper management means are developed that protect the future children from suffering the same challenges hence becoming socially active and fruitful. The need to have a healthy generation and the difficulty in identifying these challenges for the regular family creates a worrying trend for the future of the world and hence the need for this study. The research should focus more on creating systems that easily identify children undergoing these in their growth and ensure treatment and isolation immediately to prevent further mental damage (Julia, Avshalom, Michael, Tomas & Terrie, 2006). References Caspi, A., Moffitt, T. E., Morgan, J., Rutter, M., Taylor, A., Arseneault, L., . . . Polo-Tomas, M. (2004). Maternal expressed emotion predicts childrens antisocial behavior problems: Using monozygotic-twin differences to identify environmental effects on behavioral development. Developmental Psychology, 40(2), 149-161. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.40.2.149 Christine, M. W., Michele, L. Y., Angela, K. S., Wayne, E. H. & Barbara, B. J. (2006). Impact of Maltreatment on children Served in Community Mental Health Programs. Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders 14.3: 143-148, 150-156. Daphne, W., Vicki, J., & Derek, M. G. (2011). Men and Their Father Figures: Exploring Racial and Ethnic Differences in Mental Health Outcomes. Races and Social Problems 3.3: 197-211. Julia, K., Avshalom, C., Michael, R., Tomas, P. M. & Terrie, E. M. (2006). The Caregiving Environments Provided to Children by Depressed Mothers With or Without an ANtisocail History. The American Journal of Psychiatry 163.6: 1009-18 Mowbray, C. T., Bybee, D., Oyserman, D., MacFarlane, P., & Bowersox, N. (2006). Psychosocial outcomes for adult children of parents with severe mental illnesses: Demographic and clinical history predictors. Health & Social Work, 31(2), 99-108. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/210570015?accountid=8289 Read More